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Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 44048

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Wei Chen

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Guest Editor

Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: antioxidants; obesity; diabetes; cancer; oxidative stress; autophagy; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, are the major risk factors for death and disability worldwide. Although the underlying mechanisms remain vague, accumulating evidence has reported that oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogenesis and development of these chronic diseases. Accordingly, oxidative stress-related signaling can be viewed as a potential therapeutic target for pharmaceutical intervention.

Recently, numerous studies have shown the spotlight on bioactivities of natural products against metabolic disorders of chronic diseases, since many non-natural, synthetic drugs cause various side effects. Naturally occurring compounds protect cells from redox imbalance as antioxidants, thus reducing risk of diabetes, obesity, and other oxidative stress-related diseases. However, a large number of these natural functional ingredients still remain unexploited, and a clear understanding of mechanisms of their benefit properties is awaiting further investigation.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or a review article to this Special Issue, which will clarify the beneficial effects of natural compounds and demonstrate the mechanisms underlying their bioactivities using various disease models, including both in vitro and in vivo studies relating to any of the following topics: extraction and purification of natural functional ingredients and their application on oxidative damage caused by hazardous substances; beneficial properties of natural compounds on diabetes, obesity, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, inflammation, cancer, and other oxidative stress-related diseases. Please note that in studies of complex mixtures of natural products, the characterization of chemicals using analytical methodologies, such as HPLC, MS, LC–MS and HPLC–MS, should be included.

Prof. Dr. Wei Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

natural compounds
oxidative stress
diabetes
obesity
inflammation
cardiovascular diseases
cancer
neurodegenerative diseases
aging
fatty liver

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morin Disrupts Cytoskeleton Reorganization in Osteoclasts through an ROS/SHP1/c-Src Axis and Grants Protection from LPS-Induced Bone Loss

by Hyun-Jung Park, Jung-Nam Park, Sun-Young Yoon, Rina Yu, Jae-Hee Suh and Hye-Seon Choi

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 963; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050963 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2052

Abstract

Morin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that morin may prevent inflammatory bone loss by reducing oxidative stress. To investigate the effect of morin on inflammatory bone loss, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Osteoclasts (OCs) were analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and actin ring formation. Micro-computerized tomography analysis indicated that morin prevented LPS-induced bone loss in mice. In vivo TRAP staining indicated that morin decreased the number and surface of the OCs that were increased in LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that morin decreased the number and activity of OCs upon LPS stimulation. Morin decreased actin ring-containing OCs with decreased activation of c-Src (Y416)/vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 compared with LPS alone. Morin decreased cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus preventing the oxidation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), followed by the inactivation of c-Src via direct interaction with SHP1. Conversely, SHP1 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effect of morin on OCs. Therefore, our findings suggest that morin disrupted cytoskeletal reorganization via an ROS/SHP1/c-Src axis in OCs, thereby granting protection from LPS-induced bone loss, which demonstrates its therapeutic potential against inflammatory bone loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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17 pages, 3045 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pelargonidin-3-O-Glucoside Encapsulated Pectin-Chitosan-Nanoliposomes Recovers Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocytes Injury

by Naymul Karim, Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir, Yuting Li, Ould Yahia Zineb, Jianling Mo, Jitbanjong Tangpong and Wei Chen

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 623; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040623 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2826

Abstract

Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pg) is a well-known anthocyanin derivative possessing potential biological activity. Nonetheless, the bioactivity of Pg is limited due to instability in the physiological environment. Functionalized nanoliposomes using chitosan and/or pectin coating is an excellent carrier system for nanoencapsulation of food bioactive compounds such as Pg. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes against palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocytes injury in L02 cells. Firstly, Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes were characterized using the DLS, HPLC, TEM, and cellular uptake study in L02 cells. Thereafter, we assayed the protective effect against PA-induced lipotoxicity, ROS and O₂^•− generation, mitochondrial dysfunction (MMP), and GSH depletion. Results showed that Pg-loaded nanoliposomes significantly reduced the PA-induced L02 cells toxicity via suppressing ROS production, O₂^•− generation, MMP collapse, and GSH reduction, whereas the free-Pg samples were not effective. On the contrary, the chitosan and/or pectin coated nanoliposomes showed higher results compared to coating-free nanoliposomes. Altogether, the results of our study ensured that Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes was capable of reducing PA-induced hepatocytes injury. Thus, pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes can be useful for hepatocellular delivery of hydrophilic compounds with greater biological activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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15 pages, 3546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fuzhuan Brick Tea Boosts Melanogenesis and Prevents Hair Graying through Reduction of Oxidative Stress via NRF2-HO-1 Signaling

by Peijun Zhao, Na Hyun Park, Md Badrul Alam and Sang-Han Lee

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030599 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4180

Abstract

The anti-graying effect of the hexane fraction of Fuzhuan brick tea is investigated in Melan-A cells and C57BL/6 mice. As a result, it is found that reactive oxygen species-induced damage is associated with the reduction of melanogenesis in hair bulb melanocytes when reactive oxygen species generation in Melan-A cells occurred. The results revealed that the hexane fraction of Fuzhuan brick tea could remarkably reduce reactive oxygen species generation in Melan-A cells; meanwhile, it could increase the cellular tyrosinase and melanin content, as well as up-regulate the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1, tyrosinase related protein-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, and activate the MAP-kinase pathway through activating the phosphorylation of p38 c-Jun N terminal kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Furthermore, high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis reveals that the tea’s major ingredients in hexane fraction include gallic acid, theaflavin, theobromine, caffeine, epicatechin, and quercetin. Together, the current results suggest that Fuzhuan brick tea proves to protect from the damage of hydroquinone, which induces hair pigment loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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14 pages, 2972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selenomethionine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment, Decreases Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Attenuates Dysbiosis in D-Galactose-Treated Mice

by Ying Gao, Yongquan Xu and Junfeng Yin

Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 111; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11010111 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1987

Abstract

The prevalence of age-related cognitive impairment is increasing as the proportion of older individuals in the population grows. It is therefore necessary and urgent to find agents to prevent or ameliorate age-related cognitive impairment. Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a natural amino acid occurring in yeast and Brazil nuts. It mitigates cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, however, whether it works on age-related cognitive impairment remains unknown. In this study, SeMet significantly improved the performance of D-galactose-treated mice in the novel object recognition test, passive avoidance task and Morris water maze test. SeMet reversed D-galactose-induced reduction of hippocampal acetylcholine levels, suppression of choline acetyltransferase activity and activation of acetyl cholinesterase. It decreased D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and increased the selenoprotein P levels in the hippocampus. Besides, it attenuated D-galactose-induced dysbiosis by increasing the α-diversity and modulating the taxonomic structure. Correlations between certain taxa and physiological parameters were observed. Our results provide evidence of the effectiveness of SeMet on ameliorating D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment and suggest SeMet has potential to be used in the prevention or adjuvant treatment of age-related cognitive impairment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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24 pages, 12402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prunus cerasoides Extract and Its Component Compounds Upregulate Neuronal Neuroglobin Levels, Mediate Antioxidant Effects, and Ameliorate Functional Losses in the Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia

by So-Dam Kim, Minha Kim, Hong-Hua Wu, Byung Kwan Jin, Myung-Shin Jeon and Yun Seon Song

Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 99; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11010099 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1969

Abstract

Prunus cerasoides (PC) has been reported to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, but its potential as a neuroprotective agent in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia has not been explored. Considering neuroglobin (Ngb), an endogenous neuroprotective factor, as a novel approach to neuroprotection, in this study, Ngb promoter activity, Ngb expression changes, and antioxidant protection by PC extract (PCE) and PC component compounds (PCCs) were analyzed in oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons. In vivo analysis involved transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice with pre- and post-treatment exposure to PCE. Following ischemic stroke induction, neurological behavior scores were obtained, and cellular function-related signals were evaluated in the ischemic infarct areas. In addition to PCE, certain component compounds from PCE also significantly increased Ngb levels and attenuated the intracellular ROS production and cytotoxicity seen with OGD in primary neurons. Administration of PCE reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological deficit scores in ischemic stroke mice compared with the vehicle treatment. Increased Ngb levels in infarct penumbra with PCE treatment were also accompanied by decreased markers of apoptosis (activated p38 and cleaved caspase-3). Our findings point to the benefits of Ngb-mediated neuroprotection via PCE and its antioxidant activity in an ischemic stroke model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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20 pages, 3105 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Antirhea borbonica and Doratoxylon apetalum against Atherogenic Lipids in Human Endothelial Cells

by Jonathan Bonneville, Philippe Rondeau, Bryan Veeren, Julien Faccini, Marie-Paule Gonthier, Olivier Meilhac and Cécile Vindis

Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 34; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11010034 - 24 Dec 2021

Viewed by 2486

Abstract

The endothelial integrity is the cornerstone of the atherogenic process. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation occurring within atheromatous plaques leads to deleterious vascular effects including endothelial cell cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascular antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of polyphenol-rich extracts from two medicinal plants from the Reunion Island: Antirhea borbonica (A. borbonica), Doratoxylon apetalum (D. apetalum). The polyphenol-rich extracts were obtained after dissolving each dry plant powder in an aqueous acetonic solution. Quantification of polyphenol content was achieved by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay and total phenol content was expressed as g gallic acid equivalent/100 g plant powder (GAE). Human vascular endothelial cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of polyphenols (1–50 µM GAE) before stimulation with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs). LDL oxidation was assessed by quantification of hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Intracellular oxidative stress and antioxidant activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were measured after stimulation with oxLDLs. Cell viability and apoptosis were quantified using different assays (MTT, Annexin V staining, cytochrome C release, caspase 3 activation and TUNEL test). A. borbonica and D. apetalum displayed high levels of polyphenols and limited LDL oxidation as well as oxLDL-induced intracellular oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Polyphenol extracts of A. borbonica and D. apetalum exerted a protective effect against oxLDL-induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (10, 25, and 50 µM GAE) similar to that observed for curcumin, used as positive control. All together, these results showed significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties for two plants of the Reunion Island pharmacopeia, A. borbonica and D. apetalum, suggesting their therapeutic potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases by limiting LDL oxidation and protecting the endothelium. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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11 pages, 4301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Alleviating Early CCl₄-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats

by Jianwei Wang, Quancheng Cheng, Jinyu Fang, Huiru Ding, Huaicun Liu, Xuan Fang, Chunhua Chen and Weiguang Zhang

Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 1933; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10121933 - 01 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1561

Abstract

As a small-molecule reductant substance, hydrogen gas has an obvious antioxidant function. It can selectively neutralize hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^•) in cells, reducing oxidative stress damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen gas (3%) on early chronic liver injury (CLI) induced by CCl₄ and to preliminarily explore the protective mechanism of hydrogen gas on hepatocytes by observing the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in liver tissue. Here, 32 rats were divided into four groups: the control group, CCl₄ group, H₂ (hydrogen gas) group, and CCl₄ + H₂ group. The effect of hydrogen gas on early CLI was observed by serological tests, ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of UCP2 in liver tissues. We found that CCl₄ can induce significant steatosis in hepatocytes. When the hydrogen gas was inhaled, hepatocyte steatosis was reduced, and the UCP2 expression level in liver tissue was increased. These results suggest that hydrogen gas might upregulate UCP2 expression levels, reduce the generation of intracellular oxygen free radicals, affect lipid metabolism in liver cells, and play a protective role in liver cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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14 pages, 1712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

UHPLC–MS/MS Analysis on Flavonoids Composition in Astragalus membranaceus and Their Antioxidant Activity

by Zhili Sheng, Yueming Jiang, Junmei Liu and Bao Yang

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1852; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10111852 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2573

Abstract

Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable medicinal plant species widely distributed in Asia. Its root is the main medicinal tissue rich in methoxylated flavonoids. Origin can highly influence the chemical composition and bioactivity. To characterize the principal chemicals influenced by origin and provide more information about their antioxidant profile, the extracts of A. membranaceus roots from four origins were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Thirty-four flavonoids, including thirteen methoxylated flavonoids, fifteen flavonoid glycosides and six flavonols, were identified. By principal component analysis, eighteen identified compounds were considered to be principal compounds. They could be used to differentiate A. membranaceus from Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Gansu. The antioxidant activity was analysed by ORAC assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and cell antioxidant activity assay. ‘Inner Mongolia’ extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. These results were helpful to understand how origin influenced the quality of A. membranaceus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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20 pages, 4149 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Low-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides from Ganoderma leucocontextum Fruiting Bodies

by Xiong Gao, Jiayi Qi, Chi-Tang Ho, Bin Li, Yizhen Xie, Shaodan Chen, Huiping Hu, Zhongzheng Chen and Qingping Wu

Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10071145 - 20 Jul 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3624

Abstract

Two low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were investigated and compared in this study. The results showed that GLP-1 and GLP-2 were mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, with weight-average molecular weights of 6.31 and 14.07 kDa, respectively. Additionally, GLP-1 and GLP-2 had a similar chain conformation, crystal structure, and molecular surface morphology. Moreover, GLP-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than GLP-2 in five different assays: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC). The main linkage types of GLP-1 were found to be →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and Glcp-(1→ by methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. These findings indicated that GLP-1 could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for application in functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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17 pages, 5351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Procyanidin B2 Reduces Vascular Calcification through Inactivation of ERK1/2-RUNX2 Pathway

by Yingquan Liang, Guilan Chen, Feng Zhang, Xiaoxiao Yang, Yuanli Chen, Yajun Duan, Maoyun Yu, Shuang Zhang and Jihong Han

Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 916; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10060916 - 05 Jun 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3829

Abstract

Vascular calcification is strongly associated with atherosclerotic plaque burden and plaque instability. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) increases runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression to promote vascular calcification. Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a potent antioxidant, can inhibit ERK1/2 activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). However, the effects and involved mechanisms of PB2 on atherosclerotic calcification remain unknown. In current study, we fed apoE-deficient (apoE^−/−) mice a high-fat diet (HFD) while treating the animals with PB2 for 18 weeks. At the end of the study, we collected blood and aorta samples to determine atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. We found PB2 treatment decreased lesions in en face aorta, thoracic, and abdominal aortas by 21.4, 24.6, and 33.5%, respectively, and reduced sinus lesions in the aortic root by 17.1%. PB2 also increased α-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen content in lesion areas. In the aortic root, PB2 reduced atherosclerotic calcification areas by 75.8%. In vitro, PB2 inhibited inorganic phosphate-induced osteogenesis in HASMCs and aortic rings. Mechanistically, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and RUNX2 were markedly downregulated by PB2 treatment. Additionally, PB2 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the aortic root plaques of apoE^−/− mice and calcified HASMCs. Reciprocally, the activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by C2-MEK1-mut or epidermal growth factor can partially restore the PB2-inhibited RUNX2 expression or HASMC calcification. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PB2 inhibits vascular calcification through the inactivation of the ERK1/2-RUNX2 pathway. Our study also suggests that PB2 can be a potential option for vascular calcification treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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21 pages, 5998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Sargassum horneri by Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in BV2 and HT22 Cells

by Wonmin Ko, Hwan Lee, Nayeon Kim, Hee Geun Jo, Eun-Rhan Woo, Kyounghoon Lee, Young Seok Han, Sang Rul Park, Ginnae Ahn, Sun Hee Cheong and Dong-Sung Lee

Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 859; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10060859 - 27 May 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2844

Abstract

Sargassum horneri is used as a traditional medicinal agent and exhibits various pharmacological effects. In this study, we found that the 70% EtOH extract contained 34.37 ± 0.75 μg/mg fucosterol. We tested the antioxidant activities of the 70% EtOH extracts and their fractions. The CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Next, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of S. horneri on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells. Pretreatment with the extract and fractions suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 cells. The 70% EtOH, CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction, and water-soluble fraction inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as markedly blocking LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 via inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. In addition, the CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction showed the most remarkable heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression effects and increased nuclear erythroid 2-related factor translocation in the nucleus. In HT22 cells, the CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction inhibited cell damage and ROS production caused by glutamate via the regulation of HO-1. Therefore, CH₂Cl₂-soluble fractions of S. horneri can attenuate oxidative action and neuroinflammatory responses via HO-1 induction, demonstrating their potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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22 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessReview

Preclinical and Clinical Antioxidant Effects of Natural Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Instability in Tumor Cells

by Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Naoual El Menyiy, Loubna Oumeslakht, Aicha El Allam, Abdelaali Balahbib, Abdur Rauf, Naveed Muhammad, Elena Kuznetsova, Marina Derkho, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Mohammad Ali Shariati and Nasreddine El Omari

Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1553; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101553 - 29 Sep 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3365

Abstract

ROS (reactive oxygen species) are produced via the noncomplete reduction in molecular oxygen in the mitochondria of higher organisms. The produced ROS are placed in various cell compartments, such as the mitochondria, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum. In general, there is an equilibrium between the synthesis of ROS and their reduction by the natural antioxidant defense system, called the redox system. Therefore, when this balance is upset, the excess ROS production can affect different macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and sugars, which can lead to an electronic imbalance than oxidation of these macromolecules. Recently, it has also been shown that ROS produced at the cellular level can affect different signaling pathways that participate in the stimulation of transcription factors linked to cell proliferation and, consequently, to the carcinogenesis process. Indeed, ROS can activate the pathway of tyrosine kinase, MAP kinase, IKK, NF-KB, phosphoinositol 3 phosphate, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). The activation of these signaling pathways directly contributes to the accelerated proliferation process and, as a result, the appearance of cancer. In addition, the use of antioxidants, especially natural ones, is now a major issue in the approach to cancer prevention. Some natural molecules, especially phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants, have now shown interesting preclinical and clinical results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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32 pages, 2305 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

by Suhyun Lim, Iwah Jeong, Jonghyeok Cho, Chaewon Shin, Kwan-Il Kim, Bum-Sang Shim, Seong-Gyu Ko and Bonglee Kim

Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1524; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101524 - 26 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4709

Abstract

More than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacies and mechanisms of natural substances in AR therapies by examining previous literature. Fifty-seven studies were collected and classified into plants, fungi, and minerals decoction; clinical trials were organized separately. The majority of the natural products showed their efficacies by two mechanisms: anti-inflammation regulating diverse mediators and anti-oxidation controlling the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main AR factors modified by natural products included interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Although further studies are required to verify their efficacies and safeties, natural products can significantly contribute to the treatment of AR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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Other

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36 pages, 1992 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effects of Antioxidant Intake on Fetal Development and Maternal/Neonatal Health during Pregnancy

by Giorgia Sebastiani, Elisabet Navarro-Tapia, Laura Almeida-Toledano, Mariona Serra-Delgado, Anna Lucia Paltrinieri, Óscar García-Algar and Vicente Andreu-Fernández

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 648; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040648 - 28 Mar 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4189

Abstract

During pregnancy, cycles of hypoxia and oxidative stress play a key role in the proper development of the fetus. Hypoxia during the first weeks is crucial for placental development, while the increase in oxygen due to the influx of maternal blood stimulates endothelial growth and angiogenesis. However, an imbalance in the number of oxidative molecules due to endogenous or exogenous factors can overwhelm defense systems and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many pregnancy complications, generated by systemic inflammation and placental vasoconstriction, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB), are related to this increase of ROS. Antioxidants may be a promising tool in this population. However, clinical evidence on their use, especially those of natural origin, is scarce and controversial. Following PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the use of natural antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), melatonin and resveratrol (RESV), as well as other classical antioxidants (vitamin C and E) during the prenatal period as treatment of the above-mentioned complications. We review the effect of antioxidant supplementation on breast milk in lactating mothers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Targeting on Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases)

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