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Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 28183

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fabrizio Guarneri

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Guest Editor

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine–Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Interests: dermatology; allergy; clinical immunology; bioinformatics; molecular mimicry; autoimmunity; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The biologic role of the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the general homeostasis of living organisms and the importance of its alterations as a main or concurrent cause of systemic and/or organ-specific diseases are “hot topics” in medicine, as demonstrated by the more than 219,000 articles in the literature (of which, more than 18,000 in 2019 and more than 6300 in the first trimester of 2020), with a mean annual increase of more than 10% in the last 20 years. This is also true for dermatology, where research on oxidative stress started later than in other disciplines but rapidly grew to comparable or even higher levels (mean annual increase of more than 12% in the last 20 years). Psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, skin cancers are only the most widely known among the many cutaneous diseases where oxidative stress represents a pathogenetic factor and a possible explanation of some comorbidities. Despite the undoubted progress, much appears still to be done, because of the multiple aspects and the complexity of the topic. This Special Issue of Antioxidants aims to collect new evidence on all aspects of the role of oxidative stress in skin diseases, from genetic predisposition due to specific allele configurations of components of the antioxidant system, to alterations of the oxidative/antioxidative balance caused by endogenous and/or exogenous factors, to possible therapeutic perspectives based on antioxidants and, more in general, on the restoration of the said balance. Other than original papers, also welcome will be good reviews which effectively summarize the often too fragmented evidence of the relationship between oxidative stress and specific skin diseases or their pathogenetic aspects.

Dr. Fabrizio Guarneri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Oxidative stress
Skin diseases
Oxidative/antioxidative balance
Genetics
Etiopathogenesis
Antioxidants
Treatment
Immune mediators

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1685 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects of Dendropachol, a New Bisbibenzyl Compound from Dendrobium pachyglossum, on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Keratinocytes

by Sakan Warinhomhoun, Chawanphat Muangnoi, Visarut Buranasudja, Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp, Pornchai Rojsitthisak, Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid and Boonchoo Sritularak

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 252; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020252 - 6 Feb 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4185

Abstract

Five compounds including a new bisbibenzyl named dendropachol (1) and four known compounds (2–5) comprising 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2), gigantol (3), moscatilin (4) and 4,5,4′-trihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxybibenzyl (5) were isolated from a methanolic extract of Dendrobium pachyglossum (Orchidaceae). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Dendropachol (1) was investigated for its protective effects on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. Compound 1 showed strong free radical scavenging compared to the positive control. For the cytoprotective effect, compound 1 increased the activities of GPx and CAT and the level of GSH but reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and accumulation. In addition, compound 1 significantly diminished the expression of p53, Bax, and cytochrome C proteins, decreased the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and increased Bcl-2 protein. The results suggested that compound 1 exhibited antioxidant activities and protective effects in keratinocytes against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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9 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Role of the Mitochondria for the Dermatological Treatment of Papillon-Lefèvre

by Beatriz Castejón-Vega, Maurizio Battino, José L. Quiles, Beatriz Bullon, Mario D. Cordero and Pedro Bullón

Antioxidants 2021, 10(1), 95; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10010095 - 12 Jan 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2307

Abstract

The Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Cathepsin C (CTSC) gene, characterized by periodontitis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The main inflammatory deficiencies include oxidative stress and autophagic dysfunction. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species; their impaired function is related to skin diseases and periodontitis. The mitochondrial function has been evaluated in PLS and mitochondria have been targeted as a possible treatment for PLS. We show for the first time an important mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative damage of mtDNA, reduced CoQ10 and mitochondrial mass and aberrant morphologies of the mitochondria in PLS patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction, determined by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PLS fibroblasts, was treated with CoQ10 supplementation, which determined an improvement in OCR and a remission of skin damage in a patient receiving a topical administration of a cream enriched with CoQ10 0.1%. We provide the first evidence of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and CoQ10 deficiency in the pathophysiology of PLS and a future therapeutic option for PLS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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16 pages, 4211 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen-Generating Silica Material Prevents UVA-Ray-Induced Cellular Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, Collagen Loss and Melanogenesis in Human Cells and 3D Skin Equivalents

by Li Xiao, Mai Mochizuki, Taka Nakahara and Nobuhiko Miwa

Antioxidants 2021, 10(1), 76; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10010076 - 8 Jan 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2822

Abstract

Ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation induces harmful effects on skin cells and accelerates skin aging through oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of a hydrogen-generating silica material named ULH-002 against UVA injuries in human cells and 3D skin equivalents were investigated. The oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay showed that both freshly prepared ULH-002 solutions and 7-day-old solutions exhibited equal peroxyl radical (ROO·) scavenging activities concentration-dependently. CellROX^® green/orange staining showed that ULH-002 could reduce UVA-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes HaCaT and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). ULH-002 significantly prevented UVA-induced apoptotic/necrotic cell death and cell-viability decline in HGFs and keratinocytes, as shown by Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay and PrestoBlue assay, respectively. Immunostaining showed that ULH-002 prevented the UVA-induced deterioration of expression of both type IV and I collagens in the 3D skin equivalents, and similarly in monolayer HGFs. UVA-enhanced melanogenesis was observed in human melanocytes HMV-II and HMV-II cell-containing 3D skin equivalents, but markedly prevented by ULH-002 as demonstrated by Fontana–Masson’s staining. In conclusion, our data suggested that ULH-002 could protect human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UVA-induced injuries, prevent the loss of type IV and I collagens, as well as reduce melanogenesis. ULH-002 might be developed as a skin care reagent in the cosmetic industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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Review

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14 pages, 563 KiB

Open AccessReview

Involvement of RAGE and Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory and Infectious Skin Diseases

by Fabrizio Guarneri, Paolo Custurone, Valeria Papaianni and Sebastiano Gangemi

Antioxidants 2021, 10(1), 82; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10010082 - 9 Jan 2021

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3653

Abstract

The surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end-products (RAGE) and its soluble (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory (EN-RAGE) forms belong to the superfamily of toll-like receptors and play important roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, directly or through binding with advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). We reviewed the literature on the role of RAGE in skin diseases. Research in this field is still rather limited (28 articles) but suggests the involvement of RAGE and RAGE-related pathways in chronic inflammatory diseases (lupus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and lichen planus), infectious diseases (leprosy, Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin lesions), alterations of the repairing processes in diabetic skin, systemic sclerosis, and ulcers. These data prompt further research in this field, which not only will be useful to better understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases, but is also likely to have intriguing clinical implications. Indeed, when their role in the complex and multifactorial inflammatory balance will be adequately defined, RAGE and related molecules could be used as markers of disease severity and/or response to treatment. Moreover, future promising therapeutic perspectives could be topical administration of some of these molecules (e.g., sRAGE) to modulate local inflammatory response and/or the development of anti-RAGE antibodies for systemic treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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23 pages, 4736 KiB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Strategies to Protect the Skin from Ultraviolet Rays Using Plant-Derived Materials

by Yong Chool Boo

Antioxidants 2020, 9(7), 637; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9070637 - 18 Jul 2020

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 9367

Abstract

Sunlight contains a significant amount of ultraviolet (UV) ray, which leads to various effects on homeostasis in the body. Defense strategies to protect from UV rays have been extensively studied, as sunburn, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis are caused by excessive UV exposure. The primary lines of defense against UV damage are melanin and trans-urocanic acid, which are distributed in the stratum corneum. UV rays that pass beyond these lines of defense can lead to oxidative damage. However, cells detect changes due to UV rays as early as possible and initiate cell signaling processes to prevent the occurrence of damage and repair the already occurred damage. Cosmetic and dermatology experts recommend using a sunscreen product to prevent UV-induced damage. A variety of strategies using antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents have also been developed to complement the skin’s defenses against UV rays. Researchers have examined the use of plant-derived materials to alleviate the occurrence of skin aging, diseases, and cancer caused by UV rays. Furthermore, studies are also underway to determine how to promote melanin production to protect from UV-induced skin damage. This review provides discussion of the damage that occurs in the skin due to UV light and describes potential defense strategies using plant-derived materials. This review aims to assist researchers in understanding the current research in this area and to potentially plan future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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20 pages, 1289 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oxidative Stress and Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancers: Mechanisms, Challenges and Promising Developments

by Alessandro Allegra, Giovanni Pioggia, Alessandro Tonacci, Caterina Musolino and Sebastiano Gangemi

Antioxidants 2020, 9(5), 448; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9050448 - 22 May 2020

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 4787

Abstract

Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most pervasive environmental interactions with humans. Chronic ultraviolet irradiation increases the danger of skin carcinogenesis. Probably, oxidative stress is the most important mechanism by which ultraviolet radiation implements its damaging effects on normal cells. However, notwithstanding the data referring to the negative effects exerted by light radiation and oxidative stress on carcinogenesis, both factors are used in the treatment of skin cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the administration of a photosensitiser, which undergoes excitation after suitable irradiation emitted from a light source and generates reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress causes a condition in which cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, are oxidised and injured. Antitumor effects result from the combination of direct tumour cell photodamage, the destruction of tumour vasculature and the activation of an immune response. In this review, we report the data present in literature dealing with the main signalling molecular pathways modified by oxidative stress after photodynamic therapy to target skin cancer cells. Moreover, we describe the progress made in the design of anti-skin cancer photosensitisers, and the new possibilities of increasing the efficacy of PDT via the use of molecules capable of developing a synergistic antineoplastic action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Skin Disease: Genetics, Etiopathogenesis, Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Antioxidant Therapies)

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