Antioxidants

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16 pages, 1144 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Innovative Natural Functional Ingredients from Olive and Citrus Extracts in Spanish-Type Dry-Cured Sausage “Fuet”

by Lorena Martínez Zamora, Rocío Peñalver, Gaspar Ros and Gema Nieto

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 180; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020180 - 27 Jan 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2802

Abstract

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of hydroxytyrosol derived from synthetic (HT_s) and organic (HT_o) sources, and citrus (C) extract, by incorporating them in a dry-cured meat product: fuet. Firstly, antioxidant extracts [...] Read more.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of hydroxytyrosol derived from synthetic (HT_s) and organic (HT_o) sources, and citrus (C) extract, by incorporating them in a dry-cured meat product: fuet. Firstly, antioxidant extracts were tested in an oxidized pork meat model system, avoiding by 100% the protein oxidation against AAPH and AMVN. After that, four batches of fuet were made, namely Control, HT_s, HT_o, and C, which incorporated antioxidant extracts as substitutes of synthetic additives. A hundred-day shelf-life study was carried out. The incorporation of phenolic extracts neither affected proximal composition, nor ripening process (airing losses, a_w, and pH), nor color development. However, the incorporation of HT increased Fe, Mn, and Si mineral content. At the same time, HT extracts inhibited lipid and protein oxidation and microbiological growth by 50%. Regarding sensory analysis, HT_o was the most unpalatable (extract flavor apparition), while HT_s and C samples were equally accepted as the Control sample. In addition, HT fuet samples showed two-fold higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content than the Control sample. In conclusion, the use of HT_s in dry-cured sausages was demonstrated to be the best option to the development of clean label meat products, with promising antioxidant properties and the best standards of quality and acceptability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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17 pages, 1448 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Onion Peel Powder as an Antioxidant-Rich Material for Sausages Prepared from Mechanically Separated Fish Meat

by Jan Bedrníček, Jaromír Kadlec, Ivana Laknerová, Jan Mráz, Eva Samková, Eva Petrášková, Lucie Hasoňová, František Vácha, Vladimír Kron and Pavel Smetana

Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 974; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9100974 - 11 Oct 2020

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4209

Abstract

Mechanically separated fish meat (MSFM) can be used for the manufacturing of ready-to-eat products, such as sausages; however, it is highly perishable. Several plant by-products, including onion peel, which is rich in polyphenol antioxidants, can be added to food to extend shelf life. [...] Read more.

Mechanically separated fish meat (MSFM) can be used for the manufacturing of ready-to-eat products, such as sausages; however, it is highly perishable. Several plant by-products, including onion peel, which is rich in polyphenol antioxidants, can be added to food to extend shelf life. This study investigated the effects of the addition of onion peel powder (OPP) to sausage made from MSFM. Sausages were divided into four groups with different amounts of added OPP: 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3%. Cooked sausages were stored for 28 days at 5 °C. Samples were analyzed for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, pH, and organoleptic properties. The addition of OPP significantly increased antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content and decreased pH, indicating acidic nature of OPP. Polyphenols from OPP effectively suppressed lipid oxidation. A 1–2% addition of OPP enhanced sensory properties. After the 28-day storage, the control samples received the lowest sensory score, due to the presence of a strong fishy odor, which was not present in samples with OPP. HPLC–MS/MS analysis revealed that quercetin is the most dominant compound in OPP. Overall, the results indicate that the addition of OPP in amounts of 1–2% can extend shelf life, without the deterioration of sensory properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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15 pages, 740 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthetic vs. Natural Hydroxytyrosol for Clean Label Lamb Burgers

by Lorena Martínez-Zamora, Gaspar Ros and Gema Nieto

Antioxidants 2020, 9(9), 851; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9090851 - 10 Sep 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3628

Abstract

Clean labelling refers to consumers’ desire for manufacturers to be more transparent in the way their products are made and sourced. Natural antioxidants (spices, herbs, fruits, or vegetables) have been proven to offer the same functionality as their synthetic counterparts, with the advantage [...] Read more.

Clean labelling refers to consumers’ desire for manufacturers to be more transparent in the way their products are made and sourced. Natural antioxidants (spices, herbs, fruits, or vegetables) have been proven to offer the same functionality as their synthetic counterparts, with the advantage of being label friendly and process compatible, maintaining meat quality and reducing food waste. Lamb meat has the challenges to have an intense flavour and fat composition to test the effectiveness of some of these natural antioxidants like hydroxytyrosol (HXT). The current paper was designed to test both natural (HXTo) and synthetic (HXTs) antioxidants using four lamb patty batches: one Control (C) (which included sulphites); a reference (R) sample (14.6% carnosic acid and 6% carnosol from natural rosemary extracts, 200 ppm); a sample containing synthetic hydroxytyrosol (HXTs, 99% purity, 200 ppm); and a sample with added organic hydroxytyrosol (HXTo, sample 7% purity from olive tree leaves, 200 ppm). A shelf-life study was carried out for 6 days at 4 °C, testing proximal composition and mineral bioavailability, pH changes, colour (by CIELab), total antioxidant capacity (TAC by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), lipid and protein oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and thiol loss, respectively), volatile compound profiles (by HPC-MS), sensory evaluation, and microbiological growth (as total vial count (TVC) and total coliform count (TCC)). Results revealed that lamb burgers with added HXTs had better-preserved raw lamb meat in the test conditions, with reduced colour losses, lipid oxidation, and release of volatile compounds, the half the microbiological growth (TVC) of the Control, the best TAC, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) minerals bioavailability, while maintaining sensory acceptability. In summary, natural antioxidants are an adequate strategy for lamb meat burgers. Regarding HXTo, obtained from olives, the synthetic analogue is even more effective in terms of preservative and antioxidant activity, and in maintaining the nutritional value, sensory characteristics, and safety of food products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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15 pages, 2020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Edible Alginate Films with Pineapple Peel Active Compounds on Beef Meat Preservation

by Sofia C. Lourenço, Maria João Fraqueza, Maria Helena Fernandes, Margarida Moldão-Martins and Vítor D. Alves

Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 667; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9080667 - 26 Jul 2020

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5193

Abstract

Alginate-based edible films containing natural antioxidants from pineapple peel were applied in the microbial spoilage control, color preservation, and barrier to lipid oxidation of beef steaks under storage at 4 °C for five days. Different stabilization methods of pineapple peel compounds were used [...] Read more.

Alginate-based edible films containing natural antioxidants from pineapple peel were applied in the microbial spoilage control, color preservation, and barrier to lipid oxidation of beef steaks under storage at 4 °C for five days. Different stabilization methods of pineapple peel compounds were used before incorporation into alginate films, including extracted compounds with an hydroalcoholic solvent encapsulated in microparticles, microparticles produced by spray-drying pineapple peel juice, and particles obtained by milling freeze dried pineapple peel. Bioactive films exhibited higher antioxidant activity (between 0.15 µmol to 0.35 µmol FeSO₄.7H₂O/g dried film) than the alginate film without these compounds (0.02 µmol FeSO₄.7H₂O/g dried film). Results showed that control films without active compounds had no significant effect on decreasing the microbial load of aerobic mesophilic and Pseudomonas spp., while the films containing encapsulated hydroalcoholic extract showed a significant inhibitory effect on microbial growth of meat at two days of storage. Alginate films containing peel encapsulated extract were effective for maintaining the color hue and intensity of red beef meat samples. Pineapple peel antioxidants have the potential to retard lipid oxidation in meat samples, and the possibility of incorporation of a higher amount of pineapple peel bioactive compounds in the films should be investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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18 pages, 3055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Regular Consumption of Cooked Ham Enriched with Dietary Phenolics in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

by Antonio Serrano, Antonio González-Sarrías, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, Antonio Avellaneda, Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana, Gema Nieto and Gaspar Ros-Berruezo

Antioxidants 2020, 9(7), 639; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9070639 - 21 Jul 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2974

Abstract

Oxidative damage and chronic inflammation have been proven as one of the major factors associated with obesity, which increases the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. In this sense, the development of new functional products aiming at the palliation of oxidative stress and inflammatory [...] Read more.

Oxidative damage and chronic inflammation have been proven as one of the major factors associated with obesity, which increases the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. In this sense, the development of new functional products aiming at the palliation of oxidative stress and inflammatory disruption can be a determining factor for public health as seen in previous researches. In this study, a blend of potentially bioavailable dietary phenolics was added to low sodium and low-fat cooked ham. A diet-induced obesity model in C57/BL6J mice has been used for testing the effectiveness of the phenolic blend and the new functionalized product, which bioavailability was tested by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. After obesity induction, different oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. Results in the murine induced obesity model, demonstrate a robust statistically significant improvement in key parameters related with obesity risk in the groups feed with a phenolic-enriched diets (P) + high-fat diet (HFD) and phenolic enriched cooked ham (PECH) + HFD. In both groups there was an improvement in body composition parameters, inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes levels. Specifically in the group feed with the phenolic enriched cooked ham (PECH + HFD) there was an improvement of total fat volume (23.08% reduction), spleen index (22.04% of reduction), plasmatic MCP-1 (18% reduction), IL-6 (38.94% reduction), IL-10 (13.28% reduction), TNF-α (21.32% reduction), gut IL-1β (10.86% reduction), gut IL-6 (13.63% reduction) and GPx (60.15% increase) and catalase (91.37% increase) enzymes. Thus, the functionalized ham could be considered an appropriate dietary polyphenol source, which might improve the oxidative and inflammatory status and could finally result in the potential decrease of the risk of certain non-communicable chronic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 2886 KiB

Open AccessReview

Plant Extracts Obtained with Green Solvents as Natural Antioxidants in Fresh Meat Products

by Mirian Pateiro, Julián Andrés Gómez-Salazar, Mariana Jaime-Patlán, María Elena Sosa-Morales and José M. Lorenzo

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020181 - 27 Jan 2021

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 7858

Abstract

Plants are rich in bioactive compounds (BACs), mainly polyphenols, which are valuable choices to replace synthetic antioxidants in meat products. These natural antioxidants from plants, in the form of extracts and essential oils (EOs), have been obtained from different sources such as fruits [...] Read more.

Plants are rich in bioactive compounds (BACs), mainly polyphenols, which are valuable choices to replace synthetic antioxidants in meat products. These natural antioxidants from plants, in the form of extracts and essential oils (EOs), have been obtained from different sources such as fruits (dragon fruit, guarana, pomegranate), vegetables, (cabbage, onion), herbs, and spices (epazote, ginger, rosemary, sage, thyme, turmeric, winter savory) by several extraction processes. However, in the context of current directives there is a notable incentive for “green” solvents to replace organic ones and conventional techniques, in order to avoid harm to the environment, operator, and consumer health. In addition, the recycling of co-products from the processing of these plant materials allow us to obtain valuable BACs from under-exploited materials, contributing to the revalorization of these wastes. The resulting extracts allow us to maintain the quality of meat products, exhibiting similar or better antioxidant properties compared to those shown by synthetic ones. Their incorporation in fresh meat products would maintain the oxidative stability, stabilizing colour parameters, decreasing the formation of metmyoglobin, lipid, and protein oxidation and the generation of lipid-derived volatile compounds, without affecting sensory attributes. In addition, these novel ingredients contribute to improve both technological and functional characteristics, thus diversifying the offer of so-called “wellness foods”. In this review, the application of plant extracts as natural antioxidants in several fresh meat products is presented, showing their efficacy as scavenging radicals and imparting additional health benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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24 pages, 1031 KiB

Open AccessReview

Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Olea europaea By-Products and Their Use to Improve the Quality and Shelf Life of Meat and Meat Products—A Review

by Paulo E. S. Munekata, Gema Nieto, Mirian Pateiro and José Manuel Lorenzo

Antioxidants 2020, 9(11), 1061; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9111061 - 29 Oct 2020

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4743

Abstract

Consumers are interested in consuming clean label foods. Replacing synthetic additives with natural alternatives (especially sources rich in polyphenols) is a valid solution to produce and also preserve foods, especially meat and meat products. Olea europaea leaves and olive pomace and wastewater contain [...] Read more.

Consumers are interested in consuming clean label foods. Replacing synthetic additives with natural alternatives (especially sources rich in polyphenols) is a valid solution to produce and also preserve foods, especially meat and meat products. Olea europaea leaves and olive pomace and wastewater contain polyphenols that can be explored in this context. In this review, we summarize the main aspects related to the phenolic composition, extraction conditions, antimicrobial potential, and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in vivo) of Olea europaea leaves, olive pomace and wastewater as well as their applications in the production of meat and meat products. This review found evidence that extracts and isolated polyphenols from the Olea europaea tree and olive processing by-products can be explored as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial additives to improve the preservation of meat and meat products. The polyphenols found in these residues (especially oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) increased the redox state in the main meat-producing animals and, consequently, the oxidative stability of fresh meat obtained from these animals. Moreover, the extracts and isolated polyphenols also improved the shelf life of fresh meat and meat products (as additive and as active component in film) by delaying the growth of microorganisms and the progression of oxidative reactions during storage. The accumulated evidence supports further investigation as a natural additive to improve the preservation of reformulated muscle products and in the production of edible and sustainable films and coatings for fresh meat and meat products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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22 pages, 1954 KiB

Open AccessReview

Can Meat and Meat-Products Induce Oxidative Stress?

by Adrián Macho-González, Alba Garcimartín, María Elvira López-Oliva, Sara Bastida, Juana Benedí, Gaspar Ros, Gema Nieto and Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz

Antioxidants 2020, 9(7), 638; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9070638 - 20 Jul 2020

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 6374

Abstract

High meat and meat-products consumption has been related to degenerative diseases. In addition to their saturated fatty acids and cholesterol contents, oxidation products generated during their production, storage, digestion, and metabolization have been largely implicated. This review begins by summarizing the concept of [...] Read more.

High meat and meat-products consumption has been related to degenerative diseases. In addition to their saturated fatty acids and cholesterol contents, oxidation products generated during their production, storage, digestion, and metabolization have been largely implicated. This review begins by summarizing the concept of meat and meat-products by the main international regulatory agencies while highlighting the nutritional importance of their consumption. The review also dials in the controversy of white/red meat classification and insists in the need of more accurate classification based on adequate scores. Since one of the negative arguments that meat receives comes from the association of its consumption with the increase in oxidative stress, main oxidation compounds (malondialdehyde, thermaloxidized compounds, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, oxysterols, or protein carbonyls) generated during its production, storage, and metabolization, are included as a central aspect of the work. The review includes future remarks addressed to study the effects meat consumption in the frame of diet–gene interactions, stressing the importance of knowing the genetic variables that make individuals more susceptible to a possible oxidative stress imbalance or antioxidant protection. The importance of consumed meat/meat-products in the frame of a personalized nutrition reach in plant-food is finally highlighted considering the importance of iron and plant biophenols on the microbiota abundance and plurality, which in turn affect several aspects of our physiology and metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants as Functional Ingredient in Meat)

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