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Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau...
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Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2024 | Viewed by 5516

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: weather and climate dynamics; extreme precipitation; atmospheric moisture cycle; mid-latitude cyclones
Dr. Chang Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing 100081, China
Interests: cloud and precipitation; convection; cloud physics; Tibetan Plateau; cloud macro- and microphysical properties
Dr. Huailin Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
Interests: climate; carbon and water cycle; extreme drought event; gross primary productivity; water use efficiency

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of global warming, extreme events are the focus of many academics’ attention. The Tibetan Plateau is the third pole in the world and the atmospheric water tower. The convective systems over the Tibetan Plateau are closely related to extreme weather and extreme climate events in East Asia, which should be deeply studied. For example, parts of extreme precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are related to the eastward-moving convective systems over the Tibetan Plateau. The intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation events as well as their macro- and microphysical properties in East Asia are hence worth investigation and very significant for predicting the occurrence of natural disasters in the future. Moreover, moisture may not only play a very important role in generating clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau but is meaningful for eastward-moving convective systems. This Special Issue of Atmosphere focuses on the weather and climate of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact. Particularly welcome are studies that focus on convective and climate analysis over the Tibetan Plateau, further examining the role of the Tibetan Plateau. We also invite manuscripts to address how the Tibetan Plateau affects downstream meteorological extremes no matter the history or the future. Studies on the role of moisture around the Tibetan Plateau are also welcome.

Dr. Yang Zhao
Dr. Chang Yi
Dr. Huailin Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tibetan Plateau convection
  • synoptic-scale circulation
  • cloud and precipitation
  • atmospheric moisture cycle
  • cloud physics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4471 KiB  
Article
The Application Research of FCN Algorithm in Different Severe Convection Short-Time Nowcasting Technology in China, Gansu Province
by Wubin Huang, Jing Fu, Xinxin Feng, Runxia Guo, Junxia Zhang and Yu Lei
Atmosphere 2024, 15(3), 241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos15030241 - 20 Feb 2024
Viewed by 543
Abstract
This study explores the application of the fully convolutional network (FCN) algorithm to the field of meteorology, specifically for the short-term nowcasting of severe convective weather events such as hail, convective wind gust (CG), thunderstorms, and short-term heavy rain (STHR) in Gansu. The [...] Read more.
This study explores the application of the fully convolutional network (FCN) algorithm to the field of meteorology, specifically for the short-term nowcasting of severe convective weather events such as hail, convective wind gust (CG), thunderstorms, and short-term heavy rain (STHR) in Gansu. The training data come from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and real-time ground observations. The performance of the proposed FCN model, based on 2017 to 2021 training datasets, demonstrated a high prediction accuracy, with an overall error rate of 16.6%. Furthermore, the model exhibited an error rate of 18.6% across both severe and non-severe weather conditions when tested against the 2022 dataset. Operational deployment in 2023 yielded an average critical success index (CSI) of 24.3%, a probability of detection (POD) of 62.6%, and a false alarm ratio (FAR) of 71.2% for these convective events. It is noteworthy that the predicting performance for STHR was particularly effective with the highest POD and CSI, as well as the lowest FAR. CG and hail predictions had comparable CSI and FAR scores, although the POD for CG surpassed that for hail. The FCN model’s optimal performances in terms of hail prediction occurred at the 4th, 8th, and 10th forecast hours, while for CG, the 6th hour was most accurate, and for STHR, the 2nd and 4th hours were most effective. These findings underscore the FCN model’s ideal suitability for short-term forecasting of severe convective weather, presenting extensive prospects for the automation of meteorological operations in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact)
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23 pages, 14081 KiB  
Article
Interdecadal Change in the Covariability of the Tibetan Plateau and Indian Summer Precipitation and Associated Circulation Anomalies
by Xinchen Wei, Ge Liu, Sulan Nan, Tingting Qian, Ting Zhang, Xin Mao, Yuhan Feng and Yuwei Zhou
Atmosphere 2024, 15(1), 117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos15010117 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
This study investigates the interdecadal change in the covariability between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) east–west dipole precipitation and Indian precipitation during summer and primarily explores the modulation of atmospheric circulation anomalies on the covariability. The results reveal that the western TP precipitation (WTPP), [...] Read more.
This study investigates the interdecadal change in the covariability between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) east–west dipole precipitation and Indian precipitation during summer and primarily explores the modulation of atmospheric circulation anomalies on the covariability. The results reveal that the western TP precipitation (WTPP), eastern TP precipitation (ETPP), and northwestern Indian precipitation (NWIP) have covariability, with an in-phase variation between the WTPP and NWIP and an out-of-phase variation between the WTPP and ETPP. Moreover, this covariability was unclear during 1981–2004 and became significant during 2005–2019, showing a clear interdecadal change. During 2005–2019, a thick geopotential height anomaly, which tilted slightly northward, governed the TP, forming upper- and lower-level coupled circulation anomalies (i.e., anomalous upper-level westerlies over the TP and lower-level southeasterlies and northeasterlies around the southern flank of the TP). As such, the upper- and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies synergistically modulate the summer WTPP, ETPP, and NWIP, causing the covariability of summer precipitation over the TP and India during 2005–2019. The upper- or lower-level circulation anomalies cannot independently result in significant precipitation covariability. During 1981–2004, the upper- and lower-level circulation anomalies were not strongly coupled, which caused precipitation non-covariability. The sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) and tropical Atlantic (TA) may synergistically modulate the upper- and lower-level coupled circulation anomalies, contributing to the covariability of the WTPP, ETPP, and NWIP during 2005–2019. The modulation of the WNP and TA SSTs on the coupled circulation anomalies was weaker during 1981–2004, which was therefore not conducive to this precipitation covariability. This study may provide valuable insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of spatiotemporal variation in summer precipitation over the TP and its adjacent regions, thus offering scientific support for local water resource management, ecological environment protection, and social and economic development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact)
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16 pages, 4767 KiB  
Article
Influences of Summer Precipitation Occurrence Time on Raindrop Spectrum Characteristics over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
by Yuxin Zhang, Huibang Han, Boyue Zhang and Yonghui Hou
Atmosphere 2024, 15(1), 41; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos15010041 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 644
Abstract
The impact of unique terrain on the microphysics of nighttime precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has not been fully appreciated, due to a lack of observation. In this study, we used three raindrop spectrometers deployed in the northeastern TP to analyze the [...] Read more.
The impact of unique terrain on the microphysics of nighttime precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has not been fully appreciated, due to a lack of observation. In this study, we used three raindrop spectrometers deployed in the northeastern TP to analyze the characteristics of the raindrop spectrum during two types of summer precipitation. These two types are classified according to their occurrence times: one starting in the daytime and lasting into the night (DP), while the other started at night and continuing into the daytime (NP). The results show that precipitation with a rain rate ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 mm h−1 contributes the most to the total precipitation, with this contribution rate being higher in the NP than in the DP. All the raindrop spectra follow a single-peak distribution pattern, and the logarithm of the generalized intercept parameter (lgNw) rises with the rain rate. The spectral widths of the DP-n (the nighttime part of the DP) are broader than those of the DP-d (the daytime part of the DP). Moreover, the average lgNw and mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) over the northeastern TP were 2.65 mm−1 mm−3 and 1.04 mm, respectively, both of which are smaller than their equivalents in the plains. In addition, the gamma distribution can better fit the raindrop size distributions of the two types of precipitation. It is found that precipitation is more likely to occur over the TP at night. The characteristics of NP are reflected in two aspects. First, the sample size of the precipitation at the rain rate of 1.0–5.0 mm h−1 is higher in the NP-n (the nighttime part of the NP), and the precipitation at this rain rate contributes the most to the total precipitation. Second, for the same rain rate, the precipitation particles in the NP-n are larger. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact)
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22 pages, 14834 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of CMIP6 HighResMIP Models and ERA5 Reanalysis in Simulating Summer Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
by Tianru Chen, Yi Zhang and Nina Li
Atmosphere 2023, 14(6), 1015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos14061015 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) experiment within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has enabled the evaluation of the performance of climate models over complex terrain for the first time. The study aims to evaluate summer (June to August) [...] Read more.
The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) experiment within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has enabled the evaluation of the performance of climate models over complex terrain for the first time. The study aims to evaluate summer (June to August) precipitation characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Precipitation derived from HighResMIP models and ERA5 are compared against the China Merged Precipitation Analysis (CMPA). The nineteen models that participated in HighResMIP are classified into three categories based on their horizontal resolution: high resolution (HR), middle resolution (MR), and low resolution (LR). The multimodel ensemble means (MMEs) of the three categories of models are evaluated. The spatial distribution and elevation dependency of the hourly precipitation characteristics, which include the diurnal peak hour, diurnal variation amplitude, and frequency–intensity structure, are our main focus. The MME-HR and ERA5 both show comparable ability in simulating precipitation in the TP. The MME-HR has a smaller deviation in the precipitation amount and diurnal variation at various altitudes. The ERA5 can better simulate the elevation dependence of the frequency–intensity structure, but its elevation dependence of diurnal variation shows a trend opposite to the observations. Although the MME-HR produces the best simulation results among the three MMEs, the simulation effects of HighResMIP’s precipitation in the TP do not necessarily improve with increasing the horizontal resolution from LR to MR. The finer model resolution has a small impact on the simulation effect of precipitation intensity, but the coarser model resolution will limit the generation of heavy precipitation. These findings give intensive measures for evaluating precipitation in complex terrain and can help us in comprehending rainfall biases in global climate model simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact)
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17 pages, 4082 KiB  
Article
Diurnal Characteristics in Summer Water Vapor Budget and Transport over the Tibetan Plateau
by Huimei Wang and Ping Zhao
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 322; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos14020322 - 06 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1167
Abstract
Using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset during the period 1979–2019, the diurnal variation in summer water vapor budget (Bt) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is investigated in this study. It is found that the TP Bt shows a distinct diurnal cycle. It tends to [...] Read more.
Using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset during the period 1979–2019, the diurnal variation in summer water vapor budget (Bt) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is investigated in this study. It is found that the TP Bt shows a distinct diurnal cycle. It tends to increase in the morning, reaches a peak in the afternoon, and falls to a minimum in the early morning. The diurnal variations in four boundary water vapor budgets of the TP contribute to the growth in the TP Bt from the early morning to the afternoon, of which the western and eastern boundaries are more important. To understand the reasons for the diurnal variations in boundary water vapor budgets, the temporal evolutions of water vapor transports and relevant circulations at the four boundaries are examined. The results show that the temporal evolutions of water vapor transports and budgets at the four boundaries are essentially regulated by the changes in the orographic thermodynamic effect. Specifically, rapid and strong warming (cooling) on the TP slopes generates anomalous water vapor inputs (outputs) by anomalous upslope (downslope) flows during the daytime (nighttime). At the southern and western boundaries, apart from the terrain effects, the diurnal variation in the Indian southerly monsoon also has an effect on the changes in water vapor budgets by modulating the water vapor input towards the TP below 700 hPa. At the northern and eastern boundaries, under the orographic thermodynamic effects, low-level water vapor transports towards the TP accompanying by plateau-scale vertical circulations, exist significant diurnal variations and thereby adjust the boundary water vapor budgets. In this study, it is also found that the deviated water vapor flux vectors over the TP present a daily clockwise rotation, which mainly results from the diurnal variation in wind below 450 hPa. In addition, the largest amount of precipitation over the TP occurs 2–3 h after the Bt peak. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Weather and Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact)
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