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Atmosphere
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Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction
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Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (19 August 2022) | Viewed by 9288

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yangxing Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Interests: ocean–atmosphere interaction; climate dynamics; tropical climate; global monsoons; remote sensing; ocean–atmosphere modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Meer Mohammed Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Interests: monsoon and cyclone prediction; ocean–atmosphere interaction; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Asian monsoons, including the East Asian monsoon and the Southwest monsoon (or Indian Monsoon), affect a large portion of the global population and play an important role in modulating weather and climate over Asian nations, particularly the Indian sub-continent. They are mostly driven by the thermal contrast between continents and adjoining oceans. Warm and wet summer monsoons and cold and dry winter monsoons can both cause huge consequences in social well-being and weather and climate in the Asian nations. Rainfall and winds are usually the indicators of the strength of Asian monsoons. Nowadays, these parameters with a high temporal and spatial resolution are available from more reliable remote sensing techniques and data assimilation approaches than ever before. In addition, changes in Asian monsoons exist at decadal and interdecadal timescales due to climate change and global warming. Short- and long-term predictions of Asian monsoons are essential for agriculture, water management, and disaster mitigation in the Asian nations. Therefore, it is necessary to have the most advanced knowledge and/or prediction system/tools to make monsoon forecasting more reliable. In this direction, a Special Issue entitled “Asian Monsoons: Observations and Prediction” is very timely.

In this Special Issue, we invite original and review articles using both atmospheric and/or oceanic observations from a wide range of sources, including satellites, surface weather stations, and modeling approaches. Space-based measurement of meteorological fields such as rainfall and winds with a combination of high temporal and spatial resolutions are preferred for describing Asian monsoon characteristics. Any innovative prediction tools and observations that improve short- and long-term monsoon forecasting are particularly welcome.

Dr. Yangxing Zheng
Dr. M. M. Ali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • monsoon theory
  • Asian monsoon observations
  • East Asian monsoon
  • South Asian monsoon
  • Indian monsoon
  • monsoon forecasting
  • monsoon decadal changes
  • monsoon interdecadal changes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3734 KiB  
Article
Near Future Projection of Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C Warming
by Devanil Choudhury, Debashis Nath and Wen Chen
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1081; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13071081 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
The Indian summer monsoon’s (ISM) response to low (1.5 °C) and medium (2.0 °C) warming scenarios are examined during the period 2021–2050 using 11 member ensembles of the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1-CAM5) datasets. We find that in the near-term [...] Read more.
The Indian summer monsoon’s (ISM) response to low (1.5 °C) and medium (2.0 °C) warming scenarios are examined during the period 2021–2050 using 11 member ensembles of the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1-CAM5) datasets. We find that in the near-term period an increase in warming by 0.5 °C will strengthen the monsoon circulation and precipitation over the Indian landmass and east Asia. Under the 1.5 °C warming scenario, the ISM circulation will weaken, and precipitation will exhibit a decreasing trend, while the ISM precipitation and circulation will strengthen under the 2.0 °C warming scenario. The strengthening of ISM under the 2.0 °C warming scenario is due to the strengthening of the South China Sea (SCS) anticyclone and a high-pressure center near the Philippine Island. This high-pressure center over the SCS will facilitate a cross-basin strengthening of the easterly wind from the western Pacific Ocean/SCS to the equatorial Indian Ocean, which will, in turn, strengthen the transport of the Pacific-origin moisture to the Indian subcontinent and East Asia. This increase in moisture content over the Indian subcontinent will strengthen the monsoonal circulation and precipitation under the 2.0 °C warming scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction)
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10 pages, 1736 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on North Indian Ocean Cyclone Intensity
by M. M. Ali, Uppalapati Naga Tanusha, C. Purna Chand, Borra Himasri, Mark A. Bourassa and Yangxing Zheng
Atmosphere 2021, 12(12), 1554; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12121554 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1991
Abstract
The influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the intensity of the Tropical Cyclones in the North Indian Ocean is investigated through a machine learning algorithm. The magnitude of wind, considered as a proxy for the intensity, is taken from the Joint Typhoon [...] Read more.
The influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the intensity of the Tropical Cyclones in the North Indian Ocean is investigated through a machine learning algorithm. The magnitude of wind, considered as a proxy for the intensity, is taken from the Joint Typhoon Warning Centre (JTWC), and the MJO information for 1974–2019 is from Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology. These two observations have been collocated and the influence of MJO indices on the wind speed was studied using an artificial neural network technique. The scatter index, defined as the root mean square error (RMSE) normalized to the input data mean, varies from 0.45 for depressions to 0.03 for the super cyclonic storms, indicating that the MJO index is another parameter that should be investigated in cyclone activity studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction)
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5 pages, 577 KiB  
Communication
A Paleoclimate Prognosis of the Future Asian Summer Monsoon Variability
by Liangcheng Tan, Yanzhen Li and Wenxia Han
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1391; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12111391 - 23 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
In recent years, more and more record-breaking extreme weather/climate events have been reported from the Asian monsoon region, which have caused tremendous loss of property and lives. In this paper, we analyzed the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability during the Holocene and evaluated [...] Read more.
In recent years, more and more record-breaking extreme weather/climate events have been reported from the Asian monsoon region, which have caused tremendous loss of property and lives. In this paper, we analyzed the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability during the Holocene and evaluated future climate extremes in monsoonal China from a paleoclimatic view. We found a significant regime transition to more chaotic fluctuations, with enhanced decadal variability of the ASM since 6.6 ka BP. We suggested the gradual intensification of ENSO was responsible for enhancing the ASM variability since the late mid-Holocene. If the observed relationship of monsoon mean intensity, ENSO and decadal variability of the ASM in the past 11.2 ka continue to exist, enhanced decadal variability of ASM in the future warming world will be expected. As a result, the intensification of daily precipitation extremes, superimposed on enhanced decadal variability of ASM, might make the record-breaking extremes more frequent in the future, increasing the risk of climate-related disasters in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction)
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11 pages, 4475 KiB  
Article
Impacts of the Wave Train along the Asian Jet on the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset
by Li Xu and Zi-Liang Li
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1227; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12091227 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
The South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset signifies the commencement of large-scale summer monsoon over East Asia and the western North Pacific (WNP). Previous studies on the influencing factors of the SCSSM onset mainly focus on the tropical systems, such as [...] Read more.
The South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset signifies the commencement of large-scale summer monsoon over East Asia and the western North Pacific (WNP). Previous studies on the influencing factors of the SCSSM onset mainly focus on the tropical systems, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study reveals that the wave train along the Asian jet could act as an extratropical factor to modulate the SCSSM onset, and it is largely independent of ENSO. The SCSSM onset tends to be earlier during the positive phase of the wave train (featured by northerly anomalies over Central Iran plateau and eastern China, southerly anomalies over Arabian Peninsula, eastern Indian subcontinent, and eastern Bonin islands). The wave train affects the SCSSM onset mainly via modulating the WNP subtropical high. The wave train during the positive phase can induce negative geopotential height anomalies in the mid-troposphere and anomalous cyclones in the lower-troposphere over the SCS and the Philippine Sea, leading to the weakening of the WNP subtropical high. Specifically, the anomalous ascending motions associated with the low-level cyclone are favorable for the increased rainfall over the SCS, and the anomalous westerly on the south of the anomalous cyclone is conducive to the transition of the zonal wind (from easterly to westerly). The above circulation anomalies associated with the positive phase of the wave train provide a favorable environment for the advanced SCSSM onset. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asian Monsoons: Observation and Prediction)
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