Response of Boreal and Tropical Forest Ecosystems to Extreme Weather Events

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biometeorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2020) | Viewed by 8992

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: climate change; carbon cycle; greenhouse fluxes; mathematical modeling; remote sensing; field flux measurements
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The overall goal of this Special Issue is to bring together the most recent experimental and modeling studies focused on a better understanding of the possible response of tropical and boreal forest ecosystems to extreme weather events. Boreal and tropical forests cover wide areas of the Earth’s surface and play an essential role in providing habitats for a large number of plants, animals, and microorganisms. The increased frequency of anomalous weather events over the last decades in different regions, such as heat and cold waves, droughts and heavy precipitation, wind storms and hurricanes can significantly influence forest ecosystems. These influences are manifested in forest and tree damage, loss of biodiversity, disturbance of forest functioning, alteration of GHG exchange, etc. Increased frequency of heat waves and drought events can result in higher risks of forest fires that, in turn, lead to the loss of forest resources. Forest and tree damage (e.g. windthrows, windfalls) caused by wind storms may lead to changes in forest microclimate, energy and water budgets, GHG exchange, etc. It is obvious that the response of forest ecosystems to weather anomalies can vary significantly in different geographical regions within and across different biomes.

For this Special Issue, we invite scientists working in meteorology, climatology, ecology, biogeochemistry, and forestry to contribute new experimental and modeling studies of forest–atmosphere interactions on local and regional scales. Contributions can include but are not limited to the following: analysis of forest damaging risks associated with atmospheric hazards, the response of various forest ecosystems to extreme weather events, sensitivity of forest ecosystems to large scale atmospheric variability modes (e.g., ENSO, PDO, NAO, AMM), biophysical and biochemical forest feedbacks on the atmospheric processes, etc.

Prof. Dr. Alexander Olchev
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • boreal forests
  • tropical forests
  • extreme weather events
  • tree and forest functioning
  • field measurements
  • modeling experiments
  • remote sensing data analysis
  • GHG fluxes
  • forest microclimate
  • large scale atmospheric variability modes

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7438 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Radial Stem Growth of the Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Forests Using the Satellite-Derived NDVI and LST (MODIS/AQUA) Data
by Yulia Ivanova, Anton Kovalev and Vlad Soukhovolsky
Atmosphere 2021, 12(1), 12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12010012 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
The paper considers a new approach to modeling the relationship between the increase in woody phytomass in the pine forest and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) (MODIS/AQUA) data. The developed model combines the phenological and forest growth [...] Read more.
The paper considers a new approach to modeling the relationship between the increase in woody phytomass in the pine forest and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) (MODIS/AQUA) data. The developed model combines the phenological and forest growth processes. For the analysis, NDVI and LST (MODIS) satellite data were used together with the measurements of tree-ring widths (TRW). NDVI data contain features of each growing season. The models include parameters of parabolic approximation of NDVI and LST time series transformed using principal component analysis. The study shows that the current rate of TRW is determined by the total values of principal components of the satellite indices over the season and the rate of tree increment in the preceding year. Full article
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24 pages, 6405 KiB  
Article
Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics
by Daria Gushchina, Irina Zheleznova, Alexander Osipov and Alexander Olchev
Atmosphere 2020, 11(12), 1354; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos11121354 - 13 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Moisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly [...] Read more.
Moisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and Percent of Normal Precipitation) were derived from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) datasets for the period from 1979 to 2019. Cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and selected dryness indices. To describe the seasonal variability of the ENSO–surface moisture relationships, the composite maps of dryness indices in different seasons were analyzed. The results showed a significant heterogeneity of the ENSO-induced moisture anomaly conditions both within and across various geographical regions. Four main areas in humid and subhumid tropics with the maximum effects of El Niño/La Niña events on the surface moisture conditions were found: Southeast Asia and Australia, Eastern and South Africa, Northeastern and Eastern South America, and Central America. It was shown that the effects of La Niña were usually opposite to those of El Niño, while the responses to the two types of El Niño differed mostly in the moisture anomaly intensity and its spatial patterns. Full article
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19 pages, 8168 KiB  
Article
Effect of Natural Forest Fires on Regional Weather Conditions in Siberia
by Alexander Kirsanov, Inna Rozinkina, Gdaliy Rivin, Denis Zakharchenko and Alexander Olchev
Atmosphere 2020, 11(10), 1133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos11101133 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3316
Abstract
Effects of forest fires on regional weather conditions were analyzed for Central and Eastern Siberia after warm and dry weather conditions in summer 2019 using COSMO-Ru (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling; Ru—Russia) and COSMO-RuART (ART—Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) model systems. Four series of [...] Read more.
Effects of forest fires on regional weather conditions were analyzed for Central and Eastern Siberia after warm and dry weather conditions in summer 2019 using COSMO-Ru (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling; Ru—Russia) and COSMO-RuART (ART—Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) model systems. Four series of numerical experiments were conducted (one control experiment and three forest fire experiments assuming total vegetation destruction within the burned areas) to evaluate possible effects of forest fires on surface albedo and vegetation properties as well as their influence on air chemistry and aerosol concentration in the atmosphere. The modeling results showed significant influence of forest fires on regional weather conditions that occurred over large areas situated even away from burnt regions. Decreased surface albedo and reduced latent heat fluxes due to fire-induced destruction of forest cover lead to higher near-surface air temperature and lower air humidity in both burned and surrounding unburned forest areas. On the other hand, reduced incoming solar radiation due to smoke from forest fire plumes decreased land surface temperatures and increased thermal atmospheric stability resulting in reduced regional precipitation. Full article
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