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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Middle Atmosphere Dynamics
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Middle Atmosphere Dynamics

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2021) | Viewed by 6917

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrey Koval

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Atmospheric Physics Department, Saint‐Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: planetary wave-type oscillations; atmospheric dynamics; atmospheric waves; tides; numerical modeling; middle and upper atmosphere; sudden stratospheric warming
Dr. Alexander Pogoreltsev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Meteorological Forecasts, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 192007 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: atmospheric dynamics; planetary wave-type oscillations; atmospheric waves; atmospheric tides; numerical modeling; middle and upper atmosphere; sudden stratospheric warming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, the term “middle atmosphere” refers to the layer of the Earth's atmosphere between the upper troposphere and lower thermosphere, the dynamics of which is primarily characterized by an efficient momentum and energy exchange between the mean flow and atmospheric waves of various scales. These waves propagate upward from the lower layers of the atmosphere, and their amplitudes increase quasi-exponentially due to a decrease in the atmospheric density. Dissipating in the middle atmosphere, they contribute to the transfer of energy to the mean flow. Such extreme events as sudden stratospheric warmings which are formed in high-latitude winter stratosphere also have a significant impact on the dynamic and thermal regimes of the middle atmosphere. At low latitudes, the middle atmosphere is also affected by El-Nino–Southern oscillation and quasi-biennial oscillation. It is well known that “echoes” of these low-latitude phenomena are also observed in extratropical regions. A significant contribution to changes in the temperature regime and composition of the middle atmosphere is made by the Brewer–Dobson circulation, generated by large-scale waves, and determining the transfer of mass and atmospheric conservative species in the meridional plane. Dynamic events occurring in the middle atmosphere can also affect weather changes and climate anomalies in the troposphere, therefore, their study is one of the most important directions in atmospheric physics.

This Special Issue is intended to collect articles on the latest advances in numerical modeling, processing and analysis of observational data of dynamic processes in the middle atmosphere, including (but not limited to) analysis of inter-latitudinal and inter-hemispheric interactions, stratospheric warming events, atmospheric tides, gravity waves of various origin, etc. We welcome materials, including original and review articles on this topic, which are aimed at deepening our understanding and enhancing the ability to predict dynamic processes in the middle atmosphere that can influence, among other things, climate variability. The publications of the participants of the International Symposium on Atmospheric Radiation and Dynamics (ISARD-2021, https://events.spbu.ru/events/isard-2021?lang=Eng) will be considered in priority order. Participants of the symposium will be provided with a 20% discount of the article protcessing change. We also hope to collect contributions not only from the conference but also contributions from the whole community.

Dr. Andrey Koval
Dr. Alexander Pogoreltsev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric dynamics
  • planetary waves
  • gravity waves
  • atmospheric tides
  • numerical modeling
  • middle atmosphere
  • sudden stratospheric warming
  • Brewer–Dobson circulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10978 KiB  
Article
Updated Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Inversions Detected by Rayleigh Lidar above Observatoire de Haute Provence, France, Using a K-Mean Clustering Technique
by Maryam Ardalan, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Hauchecorne, Robin Wing, Mustapha Meftah and Ghazal Farhani
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13050814 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
A climatology of Mesospheric Inversion Layers (MIL) has been created using the Rayleigh lidar located in the south of France at L’Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP). Using criteria based on lidar measurement uncertainties and climatological mean gravity wave amplitudes, we have selected significant [...] Read more.
A climatology of Mesospheric Inversion Layers (MIL) has been created using the Rayleigh lidar located in the south of France at L’Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP). Using criteria based on lidar measurement uncertainties and climatological mean gravity wave amplitudes, we have selected significant large temperature anomalies that can be associated with MILs. We have tested a novel approach for classifying MILs based on a k-mean clustering technique. We supplied different parameters such as the MIL amplitudes, altitudes, vertical extension, and lapse rate and allowed the computer to classify each individual MIL into one of three clusters or classes. For this first proof of concept study, we selected k = 3 and arrived at three distinct MIL clusters, each of which can be associated with different processes generating MILs in different regimes. All clusters of MIL exhibit a strong seasonal cycle with the largest occurrence in winter. The four decades of measurements do not reveal any long-term changes that can be associated with climate changes and only show an inter-annual variability with a quasi-decadal oscillation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Middle Atmosphere Dynamics)
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20 pages, 2933 KiB  
Article
Assessment of ERA-5 Temperature Variability in the Middle Atmosphere Using Rayleigh LiDAR Measurements between 2005 and 2020
by Alexis Mariaccia, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Hauchecorne, Chantal Claud, Alexis Le Pichon, Mustapha Meftah and Sergey Khaykin
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 242; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13020242 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2004
Abstract
In this study, the temperature biases and the ability of the ERA-5 product to reproduce the LiDAR variability in the 30–80 km altitude range were evaluated for the period 2005–2020, both for the winter and the summer months. During winter, temperatures from the [...] Read more.
In this study, the temperature biases and the ability of the ERA-5 product to reproduce the LiDAR variability in the 30–80 km altitude range were evaluated for the period 2005–2020, both for the winter and the summer months. During winter, temperatures from the ERA-5 dataset were in good agreement with LiDAR observations up to 45 km, while in the mesosphere, almost 70% of the ERA-5 profiles were cooler than those from LiDAR, except around 65 km. During summer, negative biases of −3 K were observed up to the stratopause, while significant positive biases of more than +10 K were found in the mesosphere. For the winter months, the variability observed by LiDAR, even during sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs) events, was reproduced accurately by the model in the upper stratosphere, but not in the mesosphere. Surprisingly, the LiDAR variability mainly due to propagating gravity waves in the summertime was also not reproduced by ERA-5 in the whole middle atmosphere. The model uncertainty associated with this variability, evaluated afterward with a new method, grew as expected with altitude and was more significant in winter than summer. A principal component analysis of the fluctuations of the temperature differences between the LiDAR and ERA-5 was performed to investigate the vertical coupling between 30 km and 70 km. The three first vertical modes illustrated 76% and 78% of the fluctuations of the temperature difference profiles in summer and winter, respectively, confirming the connection between the studied layers. The leading modes of the summer (49%) and winter (42%) possessed an anti-correlation between the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere, where fluctuations increased (at least ±5 K at 65 km) for both seasons due to the coarse vertical resolution in the model. The other modes showed an agreement between the LiDAR and ERA-5 fluctuations in the upper stratosphere and had a wave-like structure mainly located in the mesosphere, confirming that the model either overlooked or simulated imprecisely the gravity waves, leading to mesospheric inversions. Finally, SSWs impacted the ERA-5 temperature (deviation of ±3 K) some days before and after its trigger around the stratopause. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Middle Atmosphere Dynamics)
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22 pages, 10404 KiB  
Article
Arctic Stratosphere Circulation Changes in the 21st Century in Simulations of INM CM5
by Pavel N. Vargin, Sergey V. Kostrykin, Evgeni M. Volodin, Alexander I. Pogoreltsev and Ke Wei
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 25; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13010025 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
Simulations of Institute of Numerical Mathematics (INM) coupled climate model 5th version for the period from 2015 to 2100 under moderate (SSP2-4.5) and severe (SSP5-8.5) scenarios of greenhouse gases growth are analyzed to investigate changes of Arctic polar stratospheric vortex, planetary wave propagation, [...] Read more.
Simulations of Institute of Numerical Mathematics (INM) coupled climate model 5th version for the period from 2015 to 2100 under moderate (SSP2-4.5) and severe (SSP5-8.5) scenarios of greenhouse gases growth are analyzed to investigate changes of Arctic polar stratospheric vortex, planetary wave propagation, Sudden Stratospheric Warming frequency, Final Warming dates, and meridional circulation. Strengthening of wave activity propagation and a stationary planetary wave number 1 in the middle and upper stratosphere, acceleration of meridional circulation, an increase of winter mean polar stratospheric volume (Vpsc) and strengthening of Arctic stratosphere interannual variability after the middle of 21st century, especially under a severe scenario, were revealed. March monthly values of Vpsc in some winters could be about two times more than observed ones in the Arctic stratosphere in the spring of 2011 and 2020, which in turn could lead to large ozone layer destruction. Composite analysis shows that “warm” winters with the least winter mean Vpsc values are characterized by strengthening of wave activity propagation from the troposphere into the stratosphere in December but weaker propagation in January–February in comparison with winters having the largest Vpsc values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Middle Atmosphere Dynamics)
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