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Biology
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Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos
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Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 33174

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marc Yeste

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Guest Editor
Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Pic de Peguera 15, 17003 Girona, Spain
Interests: cell biology; molecular biology; reproductive biology; cryobiology; sperm; oocyte; embryo; infertility; human repro-duction; animal reproduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Albert Salas-Huetos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jordi Ribas-Maynou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of gamete and embryo quality reduction and underlies fertility reduction and pregnancy failure in both humans and animals. This Special Issue of Biology focuses on the effects of oxidative stress in human or animal gametes and embryos. Researchers are encouraged to submit original investigations and reviews on the following subjects: (1) the relationship/association between lifestyle factors and oxidative stress in gametes and embryos; (2) the relationship between oxidative stress in sperm and oocytes and epigenetic reprogramming in embryos or DNA damage; (3) the relationship between oxidative stress and biochemical affectations in gametes or embryos, and (4) new insights into the prediction of fertility success through oxidative stress.

Dr. Marc Yeste
Dr. Albert Salas-Huetos
Dr. Jordi Ribas-Maynou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 510 KiB  
Article
Relationship of Seminal Oxidation-Reduction Potential with Sperm DNA Integrity and pH in Idiopathic Infertile Patients
by Sergio Garcia-Segura, Jordi Ribas-Maynou, Sandra Lara-Cerrillo, Agustín Garcia-Peiró, Ana Belén Castel, Jordi Benet and Maria Oliver-Bonet
Biology 2020, 9(9), 262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090262 - 01 Sep 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2656
Abstract
Seminal oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most promising factors to describe the causes of idiopathic male infertility. Redox balance is essential in several biological processes related to fertility, so alterations such as high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels or low antioxidant [...] Read more.
Seminal oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most promising factors to describe the causes of idiopathic male infertility. Redox balance is essential in several biological processes related to fertility, so alterations such as high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels or low antioxidant agent levels can compromise it. MiOXSYS has been developed to evaluate the seminal static oxidation-reduction potential (sORP) and it has been proposed as an effective diagnostic biomarker. However, its relationship with parameters like sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), chromatin compaction status or seminal pH requires further analysis, making it the object of this study. Semen and sORP analysis were performed for all samples. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) and Comet assay were used to assess SDF and chromomycin a3 (CMA3) test to assess sperm chromatin compaction. Regarding sORP measures, it was found that alkaline pH has an effect on sample reproducibility. To our knowledge, this unexpected effect has not been previously described. A statistical analysis showed that sORP correlated negatively with CMA3 positive cells and sperm motility, but not with SDF. As redox dysregulation, which occurs mainly at the testicular and epididymal level, causes chromatin compaction problems and leaves DNA exposed to damage, an excess of ROS could be counterbalanced further by a seminal supply of antioxidant molecules, explaining the negative correlation with CMA3 positive cells but no correlation with SDF. Our results show that the study of idiopathic infertility would benefit from a combined approach comprising OS analysis, SDF and chromatin compaction analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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Review

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39 pages, 1339 KiB  
Review
Dietary Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility: Counteracting Oxidative Stress
by Elizabeth Torres-Arce, Barbara Vizmanos, Nancy Babio, Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval and Albert Salas-Huetos
Biology 2021, 10(3), 241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology10030241 - 20 Mar 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 7449
Abstract
Infertility affects about 15% of the population and male factors only are responsible for ~25–30% of cases of infertility. Currently, the etiology of suboptimal semen quality is poorly understood, and many environmental and genetic factors, including oxidative stress, have been implicated. Oxidative stress [...] Read more.
Infertility affects about 15% of the population and male factors only are responsible for ~25–30% of cases of infertility. Currently, the etiology of suboptimal semen quality is poorly understood, and many environmental and genetic factors, including oxidative stress, have been implicated. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the capacity of the body to counteract their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. The purpose of this review, by employing the joint expertise of international researchers specialized in nutrition and male fertility areas, is to update the knowledge about the reproductive consequences of excessive ROS concentrations and oxidative stress on the semen quality and Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) clinical outcomes, to discuss the role of antioxidants in fertility outcomes, and finally to discuss why foods and dietary patterns are more innocuous long term solution for ameliorating oxidative stress and therefore semen quality results and ART fertility outcomes. Since this is a narrative review and not a systematic/meta-analysis, the summarized information in the present study should be considered cautiously. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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15 pages, 718 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Function in the Aging Male
by Paulina Nguyen-Powanda and Bernard Robaire
Biology 2020, 9(9), 282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090282 - 11 Sep 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4479
Abstract
With the delay of parenthood becoming more common, the age at which men father children is on the rise. While the effects of advanced maternal age have been well documented, only recently have studies started to focus on the impact of advanced paternal [...] Read more.
With the delay of parenthood becoming more common, the age at which men father children is on the rise. While the effects of advanced maternal age have been well documented, only recently have studies started to focus on the impact of advanced paternal age (APA) in the context of male reproduction. As men age, the antioxidant defense system gradually becomes less efficient and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in spermatozoa; this can impair their functional and structural integrity. In this review, we present an overview of how oxidative stress is implicated in male reproductive aging by providing a summary of the sources and roles of ROS, the theories of aging, and the current animal and human studies that demonstrate the impacts of APA on the male germ line, the health of progeny and fertility, and how treatment with antioxidants may reverse these effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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21 pages, 1676 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress in Reproduction: A Mitochondrial Perspective
by Alexandra Almansa-Ordonez, Raquel Bellido, Rita Vassena, Montserrat Barragan and Filippo Zambelli
Biology 2020, 9(9), 269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090269 - 04 Sep 2020
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 5503
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, and an imbalance in their concentrations can induce oxidative stress (OS), causing cellular damage. However, mitochondria and ROS play also an [...] Read more.
Mitochondria are fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, and an imbalance in their concentrations can induce oxidative stress (OS), causing cellular damage. However, mitochondria and ROS play also an important role in cellular homeostasis through a variety of other signaling pathways not related to metabolic rates, highlighting the physiological relevance of mitochondria–ROS interactions. In reproduction, mitochondria follow a peculiar pattern of activation, especially in gametes, where they are relatively inactive during the initial phases of development, and become more active towards the final maturation stages. The reasons for the lower metabolic rates are attributed to the evolutionary advantage of keeping ROS levels low, thus avoiding cellular damage and apoptosis. In this review, we provide an overview on the interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and ROS during gametogenesis and embryogenesis, and how OS can influence these physiological processes. We also present the possible effects of assisted reproduction procedures on the levels of OS, and the latest techniques developed to select gametes and embryos based on their redox state. Finally, we evaluate the treatments developed to manage OS in assisted reproduction to improve the chances of pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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18 pages, 801 KiB  
Review
The Relationship between Sperm Oxidative Stress Alterations and IVF/ICSI Outcomes: A Systematic Review from Nonhuman Mammals
by Jordi Ribas-Maynou, Marc Yeste and Albert Salas-Huetos
Biology 2020, 9(7), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9070178 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4516
Abstract
Achieving high embryo quality following IVF and ICSI procedures is a key factor in increasing fertility outcomes in human infertile couples. While the male factor is known to underlie infertility in about 50% of cases, studies performed in human infertile couples have not [...] Read more.
Achieving high embryo quality following IVF and ICSI procedures is a key factor in increasing fertility outcomes in human infertile couples. While the male factor is known to underlie infertility in about 50% of cases, studies performed in human infertile couples have not been able to define the precise effect of sperm affectations upon embryo development. This lack of consistency is, in most cases, due to the heterogeneity of the results caused by the multiple male and female factors that mask the concrete effect of a given sperm parameter. These biases can be reduced with the use of animal gametes, being a good approach for basic researchers to design more homogeneous studies analyzing the specific consequences of a certain affectation. Herein, we conducted a systematic review (March 2020) that assessed the relationship between sperm oxidative stress alterations and IVF/ICSI outcomes in nonhumans mammals. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and using the MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE databases. Thirty articles were included: 11 performed IVF, 17 conducted ICSI, and two carried out both fertilization methods. Most articles were conducted in mouse (43%), cattle (30%) and pig models (10%). After IVF treatments, 80% of studies observed a negative effect of sperm oxidative stress on fertilization rates, and 100% of studies observed a negative effect on blastocyst rates. After ICSI treatments, a positive relationship of sperm oxidative stress with fertilization rates (75% of studies) and with blastocyst rates (83% of studies) was found. In conclusion, the present systematic review shows that sperm oxidative stress is associated with a significant reduction in fertilization rates and in vitro embryo development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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16 pages, 1019 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: Causes, Effects in Assisted Reproductive Techniques, and Protective Support of Antioxidants
by Jordi Ribas-Maynou and Marc Yeste
Biology 2020, 9(4), 77; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9040077 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 7565
Abstract
The spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell, whose main function is the transport of the intact male genetic material into the oocyte. During its formation and transit throughout male and female reproductive tracts, sperm cells are internally and externally surrounded by reactive oxygen [...] Read more.
The spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell, whose main function is the transport of the intact male genetic material into the oocyte. During its formation and transit throughout male and female reproductive tracts, sperm cells are internally and externally surrounded by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced from both endogenous and exogenous sources. While low amounts of ROS are known to be necessary for crucial physiological sperm processes, such as acrosome reaction and sperm–oocyte interaction, high levels of those species underlie misbalanced antioxidant-oxidant molecules, generating oxidative stress (OS), which is one of the most damaging factors that affect sperm function and lower male fertility potential. The present work starts by reviewing the different sources of oxidative stress that affect sperm cells, continues by summarizing the detrimental effects of OS on the male germline, and discusses previous studies addressing the consequences of these detrimental effects on natural pregnancy and assisted reproductive techniques effectiveness. The last section is focused on how antioxidants can counteract the effects of ROS and how sperm fertilizing ability may benefit from these agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Gametes and Embryos)
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