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Cancers
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Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology
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Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 September 2024 | Viewed by 11170

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Riccardo Soffietti

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuro-Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 88 - 10126 Torino, Italy
Interests: adult neuro-oncology; diagnosis; treatment; COVID-19
Dr. Roberta Rudà

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin and “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy
Interests: neuro-oncology; neurology; brain tumors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the field of neuro-oncology has benefited from a number of key advances in the diagnosis and treatment of both primary and secondary brain tumors; however, new questions to be answered have been raised by the advances themselves.

Among gliomas, the optimal management of elderly patients with glioblastoma and of those with lower-grade tumors according to the molecular profile is a matter of debate and investigation.

The prognosis of primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSLs) has improved with high-dose chemotherapy regimens, but the role of new targeted agents remains unclear.

The identification of molecular subtypes within brain tumors of children and young adults, such as medulloblastomas or ependymomas, with divergent outcomes is rendering a modulation of the therapeutic aggressiveness (in particular of radiotherapy) feasible, while new molecular targets are on the horizon.

Brain and leptomeningeal metastases now represent the most rapidly advancing fields in terms of targeted therapies. Regarding brain metastases from NSCLC with druggable molecular alterations, at least three lines of targeted agents are now available and effective, while immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is increasingly employed in patients without druggable molecular alterations.

In general, only well-designed clinical and translational studies will allow generating new data solid enough to be transferred in the daily clinical practice.

Prof. Dr. Riccardo Soffietti
Dr. Roberta Rudà
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuro-oncology
  • brain tumors
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • chemotherapy
  • targeted agents
  • molecular subtypes
  • targeted therapies
  • checkpoint inhibitors
  • immunotherapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 685 KiB  
Article
Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis
by Michelle L. Tas, Lisa W. Dootjes, Marta Fiocco, Ronald R. de Krijger, Miranda P. Dierselhuis, Natasha K. A. van Eijkelenburg, Martine van Grotel, Kathelijne C. J. M. Kraal, Annemarie M. L. Peek, Godelieve A. M. Tytgat and Max M. van Noesel
Cancers 2021, 13(19), 4941; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers13194941 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793
Abstract
Background: Anti-GD2 based immunotherapy has improved overall (OS) and event free survival (EFS) for high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) patients. Here, we evaluate the long-term efficacy of anti-GD2 immunotherapy in combination with isotretinoin, GM-CSF, and IL-2. Methods: Dutch HR-NBL patients treated with immunotherapy according to [...] Read more.
Background: Anti-GD2 based immunotherapy has improved overall (OS) and event free survival (EFS) for high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) patients. Here, we evaluate the long-term efficacy of anti-GD2 immunotherapy in combination with isotretinoin, GM-CSF, and IL-2. Methods: Dutch HR-NBL patients treated with immunotherapy according to the COG-ANBL0032 protocol (n = 47) were included and compared to historical controls (n = 37) treated with single-agent isotretinoin maintenance therapy. Survival time was calculated from start of the maintenance therapy. Results: The study and control group were similar concerning baseline characteristics. In the complete cohort, 5 year OS was 64 ± 7% and 49 ± 8% for the immunotherapy group and the control group, respectively (p = 0.16). Five year EFS was 57 ± 7% and 41 ± 8%, respectively (p = 0.16). In the subgroup of patients ≥ 18 months, 5-yr OS was 63 ± 8% and 39 ± 9, respectively (p = 0.04) and EFS 54 ± 8% and 29 ± 8%, respectively (p = 0.05). Landmark analysis for EFS with landmark point at 6 months after start of maintenance suggests a larger effect on the prevention of late than early events. Conclusions: This study is the first to confirm the results of the COG-ANBL0032 study in a cohort treated with a different induction regimen. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy prevents late events, most significantly in patients older than 18 months of age at diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology)
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Review

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15 pages, 1337 KiB  
Review
Diffuse Gliomas with FGFR3-TACC3 Fusions: Oncogenic Mechanisms, Hallmarks, and Therapeutic Perspectives
by Alberto Picca, Giulio Sansone, Orazio Santo Santonocito, Chiara Maria Mazzanti, Marc Sanson and Anna Luisa Di Stefano
Cancers 2023, 15(23), 5555; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15235555 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1394
Abstract
In 2012, whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis led to the discovery of recurrent fusions involving the FGFR3 and TACC3 genes as the main oncological driver in a subset of human glioblastomas. Since then, FGFR3-TACC3 fusions have been identified in several other solid cancers. Further studies [...] Read more.
In 2012, whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis led to the discovery of recurrent fusions involving the FGFR3 and TACC3 genes as the main oncological driver in a subset of human glioblastomas. Since then, FGFR3-TACC3 fusions have been identified in several other solid cancers. Further studies dissected the oncogenic mechanisms of the fusion protein and its complex interplay with cancer cell metabolism. FGFR3-TACC3 fusion-driven gliomas emerged as a defined subgroup with specific clinical, histological, and molecular features. Several FGFR inhibitors were tested in FGFR3-TACC3 fusion-positive gliomas and proved some efficacy, although inferior to the results seen in other FGFR3-TACC3 fusion-driven cancers. In this review, we summarize and discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge resulting from a 10-year research effort in the field, its clinical implications for glioma patients, the potential reasons for targeted therapy failures, and the perspective of emerging treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology)
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20 pages, 2621 KiB  
Review
Could Metformin and Resveratrol Support Glioblastoma Treatment? A Mechanistic View at the Cellular Level
by Raghad Sabaawi Ibrahim, Shahad Sabaawi Ibrahim, Ahmed El-Naas, Lenka Koklesová, Peter Kubatka and Dietrich Büsselberg
Cancers 2023, 15(13), 3368; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15133368 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1959
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor, is a common primary brain tumor in adults, with diabetes mellitus being a crucial risk factor. This review examines how the antidiabetic drug metformin and dietary supplement resveratrol can benefit the treatment of glioblastoma. Metformin and resveratrol have [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor, is a common primary brain tumor in adults, with diabetes mellitus being a crucial risk factor. This review examines how the antidiabetic drug metformin and dietary supplement resveratrol can benefit the treatment of glioblastoma. Metformin and resveratrol have demonstrated action against relevant pathways in cancer cells. Metformin and resveratrol inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, activating mTOR, and increasing AMPK phosphorylation, resulting in lower proliferation and higher apoptosis levels. Metformin and resveratrol both upregulate and inhibit different cascades in the MAPK pathway. In vivo, the drugs reduced tumor growth and volume. These actions show how metformin and resveratrol can combat cancer with both glucose-dependent and glucose-independent effects. The pre-clinical results, alongside the lack of clinical studies and the rise in novel delivery mechanisms, warrant further clinical investigations into the applications of metformin and resveratrol as both separate and as a combination complement to current glioblastoma therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology)
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33 pages, 2142 KiB  
Review
Medical Device Advances in the Treatment of Glioblastoma
by Cher Ying Foo, Nimrah Munir, Ashwin Kumaria, Qasim Akhtar, Christopher J. Bullock, Ashwin Narayanan and Richard Z. Fu
Cancers 2022, 14(21), 5341; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14215341 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4562
Abstract
Despite decades of research and the growing emergence of new treatment modalities, Glioblastoma (GBM) frustratingly remains an incurable brain cancer with largely stagnant 5-year survival outcomes of around 5%. Historically, a significant challenge has been the effective delivery of anti-cancer treatment. This review [...] Read more.
Despite decades of research and the growing emergence of new treatment modalities, Glioblastoma (GBM) frustratingly remains an incurable brain cancer with largely stagnant 5-year survival outcomes of around 5%. Historically, a significant challenge has been the effective delivery of anti-cancer treatment. This review aims to summarize key innovations in the field of medical devices, developed either to improve the delivery of existing treatments, for example that of chemo-radiotherapy, or provide novel treatments using devices, such as sonodynamic therapy, thermotherapy and electric field therapy. It will highlight current as well as emerging device technologies, non-invasive versus invasive approaches, and by doing so provide a detailed summary of evidence from clinical studies and trials undertaken to date. Potential limitations and current challenges are discussed whilst also highlighting the exciting potential of this developing field. It is hoped that this review will serve as a useful primer for clinicians, scientists, and engineers in the field, united by a shared goal to translate medical device innovations to help improve treatment outcomes for patients with this devastating disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Topics in Neuro-Oncology)
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