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Cancers
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Bacteria-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer
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Bacteria-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2022) | Viewed by 13497

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Esther Julián

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, C Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
Interests: BCG; bladder cancer; cancer therapy; immunomodulation; immunotherapy; innate immunity; nontuberculous mycobacteria; mycobacteria antigens; tuberculosis

Special Issue Information

Bacteria were the first immunotherapeutic agent used to fight cancer. Mycobacterium bovis BCG is still the preferred treatment option for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Currently, the search for safe bacteria with antitumor properties is one of the subjects at the forefront of cancer research. This includes species of Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus genera, among others. Bacteria can help to fight cancer in different ways. Some species can reach tumour sites and directly inhibit tumour growth by themselves, or can be carriers to express or deliver antitumor molecules. In addition, bacteria innately interact with the immune system. This ensures that bacteria are ideal tools to modulate the tumour microenvironment, leading to an anticancer response. Moreover, bacteria can be also combined with other cancer treatments such chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted agents or other immunotherapies as checkpoint inhibitors to enhance or complement their efficacy and/or reduce their adverse events.

This Special issue will focus on the use of cancer-fighting bacteria as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic options. 

Prof. Esther Julián
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacterial therapy
  • bacteriotherapy
  • engineering bacteria
  • enterobacteria
  • immunotherapy
  • mycobacteria
  • probiotic bacteria
  • therapeutic bacteria
  • tumour-targeting bacteria

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6311 KiB  
Article
Anticancer Potential of Post-Fermentation Media and Cell Extracts of Probiotic Strains: An In Vitro Study
by Adriana Nowak, Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda, Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek and Ilona Motyl
Cancers 2022, 14(7), 1853; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14071853 - 06 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2354
Abstract
Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), many of which are probiotics, can produce health-promoting metabolites (postbiotics). Purpose: To assess the mechanism of antiproliferative action of postbiotics, post-fermentation media (PFM) and cell extracts (CEs) of several strains of LAB were studied against colon (Caco-2), and [...] Read more.
Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), many of which are probiotics, can produce health-promoting metabolites (postbiotics). Purpose: To assess the mechanism of antiproliferative action of postbiotics, post-fermentation media (PFM) and cell extracts (CEs) of several strains of LAB were studied against colon (Caco-2), and cervix (HeLa) cancer cell lines, as well as normal intestine (IEC-6) cells, were used as a comparison. Methods: Postbiotics of various LAB (n = 39) were screened for their antiproliferative activity. The effect of PFM and CEs on reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP production, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalisation, and apoptosis-related caspases 3/7 and 9 activation was assayed. Results: PFM and CEs showed strong dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 cells, up to 77.8 ± 0.8% and 58.4 ± 1.6% for PFM and CEs, respectively. Stronger inhibitory activity against cancerous (Caco-2 and HeLa) cells than against normal (IEC-6) cells was observed. PFM were more inhibitory than CEs, and both generated oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. PFM of L. plantarum 0991 and L. brevis 0983 induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells by the mitochondrial signalling pathway. Conclusions: Anticancer activity of PFM and CEs of LAB, as well as the ability of apoptosis induction, is strain-specific. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteria-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer)
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17 pages, 4562 KiB  
Article
Salmonella Impacts Tumor-Induced Macrophage Polarization, and Inhibits SNAI1-Mediated Metastasis in Melanoma
by Christian R. Pangilinan, Li-Hsien Wu and Che-Hsin Lee
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2894; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers13122894 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3925
Abstract
Targeting metastasis is a vital strategy to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients, specifically in cases with high-grade malignancies. Here, we employed a Salmonella-based treatment to address metastasis. The potential of Salmonella as an anticancer agent has been extensively studied; however, [...] Read more.
Targeting metastasis is a vital strategy to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients, specifically in cases with high-grade malignancies. Here, we employed a Salmonella-based treatment to address metastasis. The potential of Salmonella as an anticancer agent has been extensively studied; however, the mechanism through which it affects metastasis remains unclear. This study found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer SNAI1 was markedly reduced in Salmonella-treated melanoma cells, as revealed by immunoblotting. Furthermore, wound healing and transwell assays showed a reduced in vitro cell migration following Salmonella treatment. Transfection experiments confirmed that Salmonella acted against metastasis by suppressing protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which in turn inhibited SNAI1 expression. Since it is known that metastasis is also influenced by inflammation, we partly characterized the immune infiltrates in melanoma as affected by Salmonella treatment. We found through tumor-macrophage co-culture that Salmonella treatment increased high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in tumors to coax the polarization of macrophages in favor of an M1-like phenotype, as shown by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) secretion. Data from our animal study corroborated the in vitro findings, wherein the Salmonella-treated group obtained the lowest lung metastases, longer survival, and increased iNOS-expressing immune infiltrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteria-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer)
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Review

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27 pages, 9416 KiB  
Review
Integration of Salmonella into Combination Cancer Therapy
by Besan H. Al-Saafeen, Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo and Basel K. al-Ramadi
Cancers 2021, 13(13), 3228; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers13133228 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6100
Abstract
Current modalities of cancer treatment have limitations related to poor target selectivity, resistance to treatment, and low response rates in patients. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has demonstrated the capacity of several strains of bacteria to exert anti-tumor activities. Salmonella is [...] Read more.
Current modalities of cancer treatment have limitations related to poor target selectivity, resistance to treatment, and low response rates in patients. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has demonstrated the capacity of several strains of bacteria to exert anti-tumor activities. Salmonella is the most extensively studied entity in bacterial-mediated cancer therapy, and has a good potential to induce direct tumor cell killing and manipulate the immune components of the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor inhibition. In addition, Salmonella possesses some advantages over other approaches of cancer therapy, including high tumor specificity, deep tissue penetration, and engineering plasticity. These aspects underscore the potential of utilizing Salmonella in combination with other cancer therapeutics to improve treatment effectiveness. Herein, we describe the advantages that make Salmonella a good candidate for combination cancer therapy and summarize the findings of representative studies that aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcome of combination therapies involving Salmonella. We also highlight issues associated with their application in clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteria-Based Therapy to Fight Cancer)
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