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Chemosensors
Special Issues
Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications
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Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 12193

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yusuke Tahara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shinshu university, 3 Chome-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
Interests: taste sensors; lipid/polymer membranes; biosensors
Prof. Dr. Kiyoshi Toko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Taste Sensor, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Interests: taste sensors; electronic tongues; electronic noses; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studies on chemosensors for measuring taste and smell (i.e., electronic tongues and noses) started about 30 years ago. To date, progress on measurement principles, sensing materials, data analysis, and applications have been reported, making them useful tools for food and pharmaceutical industries. These sensing technologies are important in the responding to the diversity of taste and odor such as race, religion, culture, foodstuff, individual preferences and health in the food and pharmaceutical area, and so on.

In this Special issue, we will focus on the latest research on gustatory and olfactory sensing technologies and their applications. Both review articles and original research papers are solicited in, though not limited to, the following areas:

Electronic tongues;

Electronic noses;

Biosensors;

Sensing materials;

Data analysis;

Industrial applications;

Scent presentation.

Dr. Yusuke Tahara
Prof. Dr. Kiyoshi Toko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3073 KiB  
Article
Graphene Bioelectronic Nose for the Detection of Odorants with Human Olfactory Receptor 2AG1
by Danielle M. Goodwin, Ffion Walters, Muhammad Munem Ali, Ehsaneh Daghigh Ahmadi and Owen J. Guy
Chemosensors 2021, 9(7), 174; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9070174 - 08 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
A real-time sensor for the detection of amyl butyrate (AB) utilising human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (OR2AG1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) consisting of seven transmembrane domains, immobilized onto a graphene resistor is demonstrated. Using CVD graphene as the sensor platform, allows greater potential [...] Read more.
A real-time sensor for the detection of amyl butyrate (AB) utilising human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (OR2AG1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) consisting of seven transmembrane domains, immobilized onto a graphene resistor is demonstrated. Using CVD graphene as the sensor platform, allows greater potential for more sensitive detection than similar sensors based on carbon nanotubes, gold or graphene oxide platforms. A specific graphene resistor sensor was fabricated and modified via non-covalent π–π stacking of 1,5 diaminonaphthalene (DAN) onto the graphene channel, and subsequent anchoring of the OR2AG1 receptor to the DAN molecule using glutaraldehyde coupling. Binding between the target odorant, amyl butyrate, and the OR2AG1 receptor protein generated a change in resistance of the graphene resistor sensor. The functionalized graphene resistor sensors exhibited a linear sensor response between 0.1–500 pM and high selectively towards amyl butyrate, with a sensitivity as low as 500 fM, whilst control measurements using non-specific esters, produced a negligible sensor response. The approach described here provides an alternative sensing platform that can be used in bioelectronic nose applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications)
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13 pages, 4663 KiB  
Article
Carboxylated Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly-Selective Ammonia Gas Sensors: Ab Initio Study
by Pavel V. Barkov and Olga E. Glukhova
Chemosensors 2021, 9(4), 84; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9040084 - 18 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2683
Abstract
The character and degree of influence of carboxylic acid groups (COOH) on the sensory properties (particularly on the chemoresistive response) of a gas sensor based on zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons are shown. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that [...] Read more.
The character and degree of influence of carboxylic acid groups (COOH) on the sensory properties (particularly on the chemoresistive response) of a gas sensor based on zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons are shown. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that it is more promising to use a carboxylated zigzag nanoribbon as a sensor element. The chemoresistive response of these nanoribbons is higher than uncarboxylated and carboxylated nanoribbons. It is also revealed that the wet nanoribbon reacts more noticeably to the adsorption of ammonia. In this case, carboxyl groups primarily attract water molecules, which are energetically favorable to land precisely on these regions and then on the nanoribbon’s basal surface. Moreover, the COOH groups with water are adsorption centers for ammonia molecules. That is, the carboxylated zigzag nanoribbon can be the most promising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications)
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13 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Pharmaceutical Bitterness Using a Membrane Electrode Based on a Hydrophobic Tetrakis [3,5-Bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] Borate
by Xiao Wu, Takeshi Shiino, Yusuke Tahara, Hidekazu Ikezaki and Kiyoshi Toko
Chemosensors 2021, 9(2), 28; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9020028 - 31 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
Technologies for quantifying bitterness are essential for classifying medicines. As previously reported, taste sensors with lipid polymer membranes can respond to bitter hydrochloride substances in pharmaceuticals. However, the acid hydrolysis reaction between the lipid phosphoric acid di-n-decyl ester (PADE) and the plasticizer tributyl [...] Read more.
Technologies for quantifying bitterness are essential for classifying medicines. As previously reported, taste sensors with lipid polymer membranes can respond to bitter hydrochloride substances in pharmaceuticals. However, the acid hydrolysis reaction between the lipid phosphoric acid di-n-decyl ester (PADE) and the plasticizer tributyl o-acetylcitrate (TDAB) led to a deterioration in sensor responses during storage. Given the cost of transportation and preservation for commercialization, membrane components that maintain physical and chemical stability during long-term storage are needed. Here we present a membrane electrode based on hydrophobic tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate (TFPB) and a plasticizer 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) for the quantification of pharmaceutical bitterness; they maintain a stable response before and after accelerated deterioration, as well as high selectivity and sensitivity. It is a first attempt to use a completely dissociative substance to replace non-completely dissociative lipids. Our work offsets the long-term stability issue of a bitterness sensor with a negatively charged hydrophobic membrane. Meanwhile, we provide the opportunity to select surface charge modifiers for a membrane surface using ester plasticizers containing oppositely charged impurities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications)
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12 pages, 3463 KiB  
Article
Interpretation of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Behavior with Viscous Film Using a Mason Equivalent Circuit
by Sawit Na Songkhla and Takamichi Nakamoto
Chemosensors 2021, 9(1), 9; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9010009 - 02 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3198
Abstract
In odor sensing based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs), the sensing film is crucial for both sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The typical response of the QCM due to sorption is a negative frequency shift. However, in some cases, the sorption causes a positive [...] Read more.
In odor sensing based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs), the sensing film is crucial for both sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The typical response of the QCM due to sorption is a negative frequency shift. However, in some cases, the sorption causes a positive frequency shift, and then, Sauerbrey’s equation and Kanazawa’s equation cannot be applied to this situation. We model the QCM response with a Mason equivalent circuit. The model approximates a single layer of a uniform viscous coating on the QCM. The simulation of the equation circuit shows the possibility of the positive frequency change when the sorption occurs, which is the situation we find in some of the odor sensing applications. We measured the QCM frequency and resistance using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNWA). The QCMs were coated with glycerol, PEG2000, and PEG20M. To simulate odor exposure, a microdispenser was used to deposit the water. A positive frequency shift was observed in the case of PEG2000, and a negative frequency change was obtained for PEG20M. These results can be explained by the Mason equivalent circuit, with the assumption that when the film is exposed to water, its thickness increases and its viscosity decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gustatory and Olfactory Sensing Technologies and Applications)
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