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Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings,...
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Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion, Wear and Erosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 21261

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrej P. Nazarov

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Guest Editor
French Corrosion Institute, Brest, France
Interests: physical chemistry and electrochemistry; corrosion of metals; corrosion protection
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Gamal Mohamed

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
Interests: organic synthesis; fluorescent polymers; conjugated microporous polymers; organic/inorganic porous polymers; chemical sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Application of organic coatings is the most effective and widely-applied method for corrosion protection of metallic constructions. Organic coatings are used in many industrial branches: Transport industry (automobiles, aircrafts, ships), building industry (facades, roofs), appliance industry (chemical processing, mining, and minerals), energy storage, conversion, and transport (underground and underwater pipe lines, vessels).

In general, modern coatings include layers of different polymers (top coats, primers), additives, such as pigments and fillers, corrosion inhibitors, adhesion promoters, etc. New materials containing nano-particles contribute more and more to the formulation of coatings. Finally, coatings and paints obtain high barrier properties to corrosion activators, such as water, ionic species, and oxygen.

Great importance in corrosion protection is enabling of strong adhesion and stability of metal-polymer interface in corrosive environments. This can be achieved by surface pre-treatment, including metal surface blasting, deposition of thin conversion coatings, the layers of adhesion promoters that perform strong bonds between the metal surface and polymer layers. However, if coating de-adhesion happens, the inhibitor will release from the polymeric coating to protect the metal surface.

Thus, there is a great demand of new materials in engineering. The mechanism of corrosion protection by polymeric coatings is also not completely understood. The methods of corrosion testing of metal-polymer joints and assessment of the corrosion failures are also developing. It is because the stability of joints increases significantly that dictates application of new non-invasive methods for quick assesment and ranking. There are microscopies, spectroscopies and electrochemical methods, under the scope, which can be used for evaluation of the factors responsible for protection. Thus, this Special Issue involves broad aspects of different topics in theory and practice of corrosion protection by polymeric coatings.

Dr. Andrej P. Nazarov
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Coatings characterization
  • Novel coatings
  • Coatings applications
  • Nano-structured coatings
  • Self-lubricated coatings

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8124 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermal In-Situ Synthesis and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Zinc Oxide Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Anti-Corrosive Pigment
by Xiaohong Xu, Huali Wang, Jianfeng Wu, Zhichao Chen, Xinyi Zhang and Meiqin Li
Coatings 2022, 12(4), 420; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12040420 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Chinese marine economy, the anti-corrosion of ships and marine engineering facilities has become urgent to be solved. In this paper, a stable zinc-hydroxyapatite (ZnO-HAP) nanocomposite anti-corrosive pigment was prepared by using the hydrothermal in situ synthesis technique, [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of the Chinese marine economy, the anti-corrosion of ships and marine engineering facilities has become urgent to be solved. In this paper, a stable zinc-hydroxyapatite (ZnO-HAP) nanocomposite anti-corrosive pigment was prepared by using the hydrothermal in situ synthesis technique, which supported nano-ZnO onto the hydroxyapatite (HAP) surface. The phase composition, microstructure, and performance of the ZnO-HAP nanocomposite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the anti-corrosion mechanism of the ZnO-HAP nanocomposite was discussed. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the ZnO-HAP/epoxy is better than that of the pure epoxy resin coating. The optimum condition to fabricate ZnO-HAP/epoxy with suitable corrosion resistance was found to be a ZnO/HAP ratio of 0.65/0.35. The synergistic complementation mechanism of ZnO and HAP enriches the metallic anti-corrosion theory and provides a new idea for the synthesis of novel and promising anti-corrosive pigments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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17 pages, 6896 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Alloyed Cast Iron in Ethylene Glycol-Based Engine Coolants at Elevated Temperature
by Gaurav Argade, Anusha Chilukuri, Justin Perry, Monica Viers, Jacob Steenhoek, Jacob Debusk, Chinpei Wang and Corey Trobaugh
Coatings 2021, 11(3), 357; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11030357 - 21 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
For enhanced engine performance, corrosivity of the engine coolants would play a significant role. In this work, corrosion investigation was performed on cast iron material in pre-mixed engine coolant environment to understand the threshold limits of contaminants. The pre-mixed coolant contained combination of [...] Read more.
For enhanced engine performance, corrosivity of the engine coolants would play a significant role. In this work, corrosion investigation was performed on cast iron material in pre-mixed engine coolant environment to understand the threshold limits of contaminants. The pre-mixed coolant contained combination of organic additives viz. sebacate (SA), 2-ethylhexanoate (2-EH), and tolyltriazole (TTA) with varying concentrations of chloride contaminant. Constant immersion of cast iron samples in engine coolant with different chloride levels at 90 °C was followed by room temperature electrochemical tests. The potentiodynamic polarization tests showed no instability until 100 ppm chloride additions exposed up to 28 days. At lower frequencies in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra, inhibition layer characteristics changed from highly capacitive to highly resistive and concurrently a sharp decrease in charge transfer resistance was observed with time for samples exposed to >100 ppm chloride levels. In the longer duration corrosion tests, higher pit depths with increased number density of attacks were observed for cast iron samples exposed to engine coolants containing >100 ppm chloride. For elevated temperature exposures a threshold limit of <200 ppm chloride was established for cast iron samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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19 pages, 4616 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel Coated with Phthalimide-Functionalized Polybenzoxazines
by Kamal I. Aly, Abdulsalam Mahdy, Mohamed A. Hegazy, Nayef S. Al-Muaikel, Shiao-Wei Kuo and Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1114; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings10111114 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 2924
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform [...] Read more.
Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to study the polymerization behavior and thermal stability of the monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines. Poly(pPP-BZ) and poly(oPP-BZ) were formed on mild steel (MS) through spin-coating and subsequent thermal curing polymerization. We used various corrosion testing methods to examine the effect of the curing temperature on the corrosion resistance of the coated MS samples in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. Among our tested systems, the corrosion rate reached a low of 2.78 µm·Y−1 for the MS coated with poly(pPP-BZ)180 (i.e., the coating that had been cured at 180 °C); this value is much lower than that (4.8 µm·Y−1) reported for a maleimide-based benzoxazine compound (MI-Bz)/33 wt.% ACAT (amine-capped aniline trimer) blend. Thus, the incorporation of the imide functional group into the PBZ coatings is an effective strategy for affording high-performance corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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11 pages, 3981 KiB  
Article
Thin Benzotriazole Films for Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Neutral Electrolytes
by Maxim Petrunin, Liudmila Maksaeva, Natalia Gladkikh, Yuriy Makarychev, Marina Maleeva, Tatyana Yurasova and Andrei Nazarov
Coatings 2020, 10(4), 362; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings10040362 - 07 Apr 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4107
Abstract
This article investigates the modification of a carbon steel surface by benzotriazole (BTA), and the structure and properties of the formed layers. Adsorption was studied by surface analytical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflecting infrared microscopy (FTIR). It has been [...] Read more.
This article investigates the modification of a carbon steel surface by benzotriazole (BTA), and the structure and properties of the formed layers. Adsorption was studied by surface analytical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflecting infrared microscopy (FTIR). It has been established that a polymer-like film containing iron-azole complexes that are 2 nm thick and strongly bonded to the metal is formed on the surface as a result of the azole interacting with a steel surface. This film is capable to inhibit uniform and localized corrosion of steel in neutral aqueous electrolytes containing chloride ions. It is shown that the iron-azole layer located at the interface acts as a promotor of adhesion, increasing the interaction of polymeric coatings with the steel surface. Taking into account these properties, the steel pretreatments can be used for improving the anticorrosion properties of polymeric coatings applied for the protection of steel constructions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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28 pages, 4114 KiB  
Article
New, Amino Acid Based Zwitterionic Polymers as Promising Corrosion Inhibitors of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl
by Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder
Coatings 2019, 9(10), 675; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings9100675 - 17 Oct 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3701
Abstract
The zwitterionic monomers, N,N’-diallylamino propanephosphonate and amino acid residual N,N’-diallyl-l-methionine hydrochloride were synthesized, with excellent yields. These monomers were utilized in the preparation of zwitterionic homo and co-cyclopolymers 5–7 in aqueous solution using 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) [...] Read more.
The zwitterionic monomers, N,N’-diallylamino propanephosphonate and amino acid residual N,N’-diallyl-l-methionine hydrochloride were synthesized, with excellent yields. These monomers were utilized in the preparation of zwitterionic homo and co-cyclopolymers 5–7 in aqueous solution using 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as an initiator. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and TGA. The performance of these synthesized polymers on mild steel in acidic solution was investigated by gravimetric method, Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At 313 K, the maximum inhibition efficiencies of corrosion inhibitors 5–7 at 4.50 × 10−4 mol L−1 were found to be 85.2%, 83.3%, and 99.5%, respectively. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from gravimetric weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were in good agreement. Different adsorption isotherms were also explored to find the best fit, and found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters, such as activation energy (Ea), standard enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), standard entropy of activation (ΔS*), adsorption–desorption equilibrium constant (Kads), and standard free energy of adsorption (ΔGoads), were determined. Electrochemical data indicated that the zwitterionic copolymer 7 acts as a mixed type inhibitor under the influence of anodic control. The surface morphology of mild steel corrosion was evaluated without and with corrosion inhibitors by AFM, SEM-EDX, and XPS, which confirmed the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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15 pages, 11496 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Using Sol-Gel Technology for Corrosion Protection Coating Systems Incorporating Colours and Inhibitors
by Wenjin Yan, Wee Kit Ong, Linda Yongling Wu and Sudesh L. Wijesinghe
Coatings 2019, 9(1), 52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings9010052 - 16 Jan 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4278
Abstract
Corrosion protection coatings need frequent developments to cater to different challenges arising from users. In addition to a long lasting corrosion protection, aesthetic requirements and multi-functional properties by the same coating system are prominent demands to be considered. Productivity is another vital factor [...] Read more.
Corrosion protection coatings need frequent developments to cater to different challenges arising from users. In addition to a long lasting corrosion protection, aesthetic requirements and multi-functional properties by the same coating system are prominent demands to be considered. Productivity is another vital factor to be considered, as there is a thriving demand from users to have more productive coating systems, such as a smaller number of layers in a system. Thus, attention to using different coating technologies is an essential step to fulfil these demands. This work investigates the use of sol-gel technology as a topcoat on a zinc rich primer to form a two-coat system. A colored sol-gel topcoat on a zinc primer was developed as a two-coat system to replace the current three or multi-coat systems to improve productivity while maintaining the sacrificial protective capability. The overall corrosion protection performance together with the color retaining capability was evaluated in this development. As another step forward, the development of sol-gel technology as a topcoat with additional inhibitive corrosion protection was investigated. Two corrosion inhibitors, namely molybdate and cerium(III), were loaded onto suitable inorganic oxide carriers and then incorporated into sol-gel coatings to provide an inhibitive protection other than the barrier protection. The corrosion performance of the coatings was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Sol-gel coating with a cerium(III) system attained the highest impedance and proved to be the best candidate. The mechanical and physical properties of the coating systems are tested using international standard methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Achievements in Corrosion Protection of Metals by Polymeric Coatings, Surface Pretreatments and Inhibitors)
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