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Crystals
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Single-Crystalline Composition Materials
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Single-Crystalline Composition Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Hybrid and Composite Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 8769

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jacek Krawczyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a St., 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Interests: superalloys; single-crystals; X-ray diffraction topography; structural defects; crystal growth
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wlodzimierz Bogdanowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Interests: superalloy; microstructure; mechanical property
Dr. Bo Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
Interests: Raman spectroscopy; optical fiber sensing; single crystals; single crystal fibers; temperature; OTDR; OFDR

Special Issue Information

Single-crystalline composition materials are widely used in the modern aerospace, automotive, energy, and electronic industries. Despite the often-higher costs of obtaining products made of them, they are characterized by unique properties, distinguishing them from other materials. For example, single-crystalline alloys have much better strength parameters than their polycrystalline counterparts. The properties of single-crystalline composition materials depend largely on the type and concentration of defects created in the final product. The defect structures—formed during crystallization and after potential subsequent material processing, e.g., heat treatment—can be influenced by many factors: the production technology, the geometry of the final product, the types and amounts of dopants, and others.

The above relations, combined with the need to produce single-crystalline composites with still new, different, and better properties, make it necessary to research defect structures for the development of existing crystals properties and creation of new ones, as well as for the modification of the parameters of their production. The results in this issue may create an interesting collection of papers on different aspects of production, processing, and properties of single-crystalline composition materials.

“Single-crystalline composition materials” as a Special Issue of Crystals may report novelties in the production and application of various single-crystalline composites and new methods of testing them, summarizing the progress achieved in recent years. This forthcoming Special Issue will focus on recent innovative and pioneering works in the field of single-crystalline composition materials, their production and examination, and the development of the crystallization and research methods.

Dr. Jacek Krawczyk
Prof. Dr. Wlodzimierz Bogdanowicz
Dr. Bo Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Single crystals
  • Composites
  • Crystallization
  • Structural defects
  • Growth defects
  • Testing methods

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 7278 KiB  
Article
SrNi(VO4)(OH): The High-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of an Adelite-Descloizite-Type Structure
by Liurukara D. Sanjeewa, Tiffany M. Smith Pellizzeri, Colin D. McMillen, Keith Taddei, Thomas Heitmann, Helmut Kaiser and Joseph W. Kolis
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1360; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12101360 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Single crystals of a new transition metal adelite-descloizite-type structure were synthesized using a high temperature (580 °C) high-pressure hydrothermal technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to investigate the structure and elemental composition, respectively. SrNi(VO4)(OH) [...] Read more.
Single crystals of a new transition metal adelite-descloizite-type structure were synthesized using a high temperature (580 °C) high-pressure hydrothermal technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to investigate the structure and elemental composition, respectively. SrNi(VO4)(OH) crystallizes in an acentric orthorhombic crystal system in the space group P212121 (no. 19); Z = 4, a = 5.9952(4) Å, b = 7.5844(4) Å, c = 9.2240(5) Å. The structure is comprised of a Ni–O–V framework where Sr2+ ions reside inside the channels. Single-crystal magnetic measurements display a significant anisotropy in both temperature- and field-dependent data. The temperature dependent magnetic measurement shows antiferromagnetic behavior at TN~8 K. Overall, the magnetic properties indicate the presence of competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions of SrNi(VO4)(OH). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composition Materials)
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10 pages, 2001 KiB  
Article
Optical AR Coatings of the Mid-IR Band for ZnGeP2 Single Crystals Based on ZnS and Oxide Aluminum
by Mikhail Zinoviev, Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudin, Sergey Podzvalov, Elena Slyunko, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yudin, Maksim Kulesh, Igor Dorofeev and Houssain Baalbaki
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1169; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12081169 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1380
Abstract
In this work, the parameters of antireflection interference coatings based on alternating layers of ZnS/Al2O3 on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of ZGP crystals under the action of Ho:YAG laser radiation at a wavelength of 2.097 μm were determined. The [...] Read more.
In this work, the parameters of antireflection interference coatings based on alternating layers of ZnS/Al2O3 on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of ZGP crystals under the action of Ho:YAG laser radiation at a wavelength of 2.097 μm were determined. The coating deposition was carried out using the ion-beam sputtering method. The LIDT of the sample with a coating based on alternating layers ZnS and Al2O3 was equal to WoE = 3.45 J/cm2, and the LIDT of the uncoated sample was equal to WoE = 2.23 J/cm2. An increase in the optical breakdown threshold by ~55% was observed after the deposition of an AR coating based on ZnS and Al2O3 materials. An assumption was made about the absence of local fluctuations in the composition and mechanical stresses in the case of the coated sample, namely that this leads to good adhesion of the multilayer coating to the polished surface of the crystal, and as a result to an increase in the optical breakdown threshold as compared to the uncoated sample due to closure of the dangling chemical bonds and bulk defects emerging on the polished surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composition Materials)
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14 pages, 2751 KiB  
Article
Endotaxial α-Fe Nanoparticles in the High-Fluence Iron-Implanted Single-Crystal MgO
by Almaz L. Zinnatullin, Bulat F. Gabbasov, Nikolay M. Lyadov, Roman V. Yusupov, Rustam I. Khaibullin and Farit G. Vagizov
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12081095 - 04 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1151
Abstract
In this work, we report on the endotaxial growth of α-Fe nanoparticles in the near-surface layer under high-fluence iron ion implantation of the single-crystal magnesium oxide substrate. Comprehensive Mössbauer effect and magnetometry studies show that the implanted sample reveals a pronounced ferromagnetic response [...] Read more.
In this work, we report on the endotaxial growth of α-Fe nanoparticles in the near-surface layer under high-fluence iron ion implantation of the single-crystal magnesium oxide substrate. Comprehensive Mössbauer effect and magnetometry studies show that the implanted sample reveals a pronounced ferromagnetic response even at room temperature, and the α-Fe nanoparticles serve as its main source. The broad band at ~1000 Oe in the X-band magnetic resonance spectra originates from the α-Fe fraction. It manifests the properties of the easy-plane system with the four-fold in-plane anisotropy. The last indicates that the α-Fe nanoparticles are coherently incorporated into the host MgO matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composition Materials)
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13 pages, 7111 KiB  
Article
Structural and In Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of Hydrogenation of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
by Zia Ur Rehman, Mohsan Nawaz, Hameed Ullah, Pervaiz Ahmad, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Abubakr M. Idris, Sirajul Haq and Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Crystals 2022, 12(1), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12010047 - 30 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1712
Abstract
In the quasi-binary system CaNi2-MgNi2 solid-solutions CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were prepared from the elements. They crystallize in the hexagonal Laves phase type (MgNi2, C36) for x ≤ 0.33 [...] Read more.
In the quasi-binary system CaNi2-MgNi2 solid-solutions CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were prepared from the elements. They crystallize in the hexagonal Laves phase type (MgNi2, C36) for x ≤ 0.33 (P63/mmc, a = 482.51(7) pm, c = 1582.1(3) pm for x = 0, a = 482.59(3), c = 1583.1(1) for x = 0.33) and in the cubic Laves phase type (MgCu2, C15) for 0.33 < x (Fd3¯m, a = 697.12(3) pm for x = 0.5, a = 705.11(2) pm for x = 0.67, a = 724.80(2) pm for x = 1). After hydrogenation in an autoclave the X-ray diffraction patterns changed completely. Reflections assigned to CaNiH3, and Ni and Rietveld refinement confirmed this. The hydrogenation properties of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds were also studied in situ by X-ray powder diffraction. In situ X-ray powder diffraction of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds under 0.3 MPa hydrogen gas flow (15 sccm), data collected on a Rigaku SmartLab diffractometer in an Anton Paar XRK 900 Reactor Chamber using Cu-Kα1 radiation. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX spectroscopy confirmed the entitled materials and elemental composition, respectively. From the Transmission electron microscopy and Selected area electron diffraction concluded that the CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds were crystalline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composition Materials)
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15 pages, 5193 KiB  
Article
Dosimeter Based on YAG: Ce Phosphor via Sol-Gel Method for Online X-ray Radiation Monitoring
by Yuheng Yan, Changfeng Zhang, Luchuan Zheng, Taiqi Wang, Mao Li, Feiyang Xie, Qiang Guo and Gangding Peng
Crystals 2021, 11(12), 1567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11121567 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2169
Abstract
This paper focuses on the preparation of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG: Ce) powder with several concentration gradients via the sol-gel method by detecting its structural characteristics via X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify the generation of a [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the preparation of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG: Ce) powder with several concentration gradients via the sol-gel method by detecting its structural characteristics via X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify the generation of a complete crystal phase and evenly distributed nanopowder. On this basis, the luminescence characteristics of Ce3+ are explored, the mechanism and model are discussed based on the spectra, and the ideal doping concentration was obtained by comparing the luminescence intensity along with the fluorescence quenching theory and fluorescence decay spectra of samples with different doping concentrations. Several radiation dosimeters based on YAG: Ce phosphors were made; the online radiation monitoring function was realized under the exposure of a standard X-ray source; the repeatability, accuracy, and sensitivity of the system were verified by experiments; and the factors affecting dosimeter response are discussed. This paper verifies the possibility of adhibiting YAG: Ce fluorescent powder for online X-ray monitoring, and lays the foundation for further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composition Materials)
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