Research

12 pages, 538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Problems of Tourist Mobility in Remote Areas of Natural Value—The Case of the Hajnowka Poviat in Poland and the Zaoneshye Region in Russia

by Elzbieta Szymanska

Economies 2022, 10(9), 212; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies10090212 - 05 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1548

Abstract

Tourist destinations are often inaccessible due to mobility problems. The purpose of this paper is to identify the mobility problems of tourist destinations in remote areas of natural value. The research was carried out in the following two tourist destinations with the above-mentioned [...] Read more.

Tourist destinations are often inaccessible due to mobility problems. The purpose of this paper is to identify the mobility problems of tourist destinations in remote areas of natural value. The research was carried out in the following two tourist destinations with the above-mentioned values: in the Zaoneshye Region in Russia and the Hajnówka Poviat, which includes the priceless resources of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest. The research was conducted using a survey method. Respondents could download the survey questionnaire onto their mobile devices (smartphone, tablet) by scanning a QR code or provide their answers to the questionnaire on paper or to an interviewer, who recorded them in an electronic version. The respondent group consisted of tourists visiting both regions for tourism purposes. The survey was carried out between 2019 and 2021. The results showed that the car is the preferred means of transport in both regions, and that road works are somewhat or completely necessary. Additionally, tourists in the Hajnowka Poviat travel a lot on foot or by bicycle, as there are more cycling and pedestrian paths available. In contrast, tourists visiting the Zaoneshye Region suggest providing more facilities for tourism and better and more efficient communication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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13 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Island Development Model Specialisation: A Panel Data Analysis Comparing Evolutionary Tourism Model, Industrial to Community-Based (2010–2019)

by Giovanni Ruggieri, Marco Platania and Julian Zarb

Economies 2022, 10(9), 208; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies10090208 - 30 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1702

Abstract

Islands are frequently characterised by an economic structure centred on tourism and the service sector. This specialisation has taken different forms and characterisations concerning the chosen or spontaneously developed model. To understand the development choices and patterns, this article analyses sixteen islands and [...] Read more.

Islands are frequently characterised by an economic structure centred on tourism and the service sector. This specialisation has taken different forms and characterisations concerning the chosen or spontaneously developed model. To understand the development choices and patterns, this article analyses sixteen islands and archipelagos in the European Union over ten years from 2010 to 2019. A panel data analysis was based on critical variables identifying the tourism industry model from those that could represent a proxy of the community-based tourism model. The principal component analysis was adopted to compare the evolutionary trends of these two different ways of choosing the island’s tourism model. Findings identified before the COVID-19 pandemic crisis include two island clusters. One group of islands followed a spontaneous tourism model based on the local community and small or micro hospitality systems, with auto-entrepreneurship in tourism. The second group of islands followed a planning and industry-based tourist model with an employment system and a relevant hospitality industry. Both paradigms have limitations and identify two different tourism evolutionary scenarios useful for the EU’s future island tourism policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

21 pages, 925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Application of a Two-Stage Decision Model to Analyze Tourist Behavior in Accommodation

by Tzong-Shyuan Chen and Chaang-Iuan Ho

Economies 2022, 10(4), 71; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies10040071 - 23 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2563

Abstract

As tourism products are not necessities for people’s livelihood, zero consumption data are usually observed while conducting studies on topics that are relevant to tourism expenditure using cross-sectional research data, and a similar problem exists in tourist accommodation expenditure. This study adopts a [...] Read more.

As tourism products are not necessities for people’s livelihood, zero consumption data are usually observed while conducting studies on topics that are relevant to tourism expenditure using cross-sectional research data, and a similar problem exists in tourist accommodation expenditure. This study adopts a two-stage process to examine the factors influencing tourist accommodation decisions in the domestic market, applying the dependent double-hurdle (DDH) model while using the dataset on Survey of Travel by R.O.C. (Taiwan) Citizens for the years 2014–2018. The findings reveal that, in the two decision-making equations, the social stratum, family life cycle, residential area, tourism behavior, vacation policy, and economic variables have different degrees and directions of influence on the intention to use and expenditure on tourist accommodation. Such information presents the processes involved in deciding to accommodate and how much to spend on accommodation, thereby indicating that it is inappropriate to use the single-equation analysis consisting of zero consumption expenditure data and to assume that the same variables influence the participation and consumption decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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17 pages, 1343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Tourism and Renewable Energy’s Potential: A Local Development Proposal for the La Florida Community, Huaral, Peru

by Kiara Riojas-Díaz, Ricardo Jaramillo-Romero, Fátima Calderón-Vargas and David Asmat-Campos

Economies 2022, 10(2), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies10020047 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3759

Abstract

Tourism contributes 10% to global gross domestic product (GDP), yet it generates 5% of all anthropogenic CO₂, while 50 to 60% of carbon emissions are indirectly related to the sector. High levels of poverty afflict rural areas in developing countries, and [...] Read more.

Tourism contributes 10% to global gross domestic product (GDP), yet it generates 5% of all anthropogenic CO₂, while 50 to 60% of carbon emissions are indirectly related to the sector. High levels of poverty afflict rural areas in developing countries, and sustainable tourism based on renewable energy is an ideal approach to generate local development. Our objectives are thus to gauge sustainable tourism’s influence on local development in the community of La Florida, Huaral, Peru and to evaluate the potential of renewable energy (solar and wind power) to propose an eco-efficient business alternative. A non-experimental, quantitative approach was used, in which 265 local residents completed a survey to ascertain their perspectives on the proposal. Moreover, the potential for solar and wind energy was measured to identify sustainable alternatives that residents might incorporate into local ventures. The results demonstrate a relationship between sustainable tourism and local development, as tourism activity enables community members to improve their quality of life and offers them the opportunity to generate new enterprises. Likewise, the assessment of renewable energy potential confirms its feasibility in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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12 pages, 365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Customer-Based Brand Equity for a Tourism Destination: The Case of Croatia

by Lenka Cervova and Jitka Vavrova

Economies 2021, 9(4), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9040178 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4063

Abstract

Tourism has been negatively impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic, making it even more important for tourist destinations to focus on their brand equity from the perspective of their customers—visitors. The aim of this paper is therefore to verify and modify the model [...] Read more.

Tourism has been negatively impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic, making it even more important for tourist destinations to focus on their brand equity from the perspective of their customers—visitors. The aim of this paper is therefore to verify and modify the model of customer-based brand equity for a tourism destination (CBBETD) and its attributes for the destination of Croatia from the perspective of Czech tourists, among whom primary research was conducted using the CAWI method (n = 451). The main CBBE dimensions were extracted using factor analysis and a model with four dimensions (awareness, image, quality and loyalty) was created. The identified attributes explain between 55% and 82% of the variability of a given dimension. Although the study’s results follow the published models of CBBETD, the attributes in each dimension and the subdimension in the image dimension reflect the specificities of the destination of Croatia. Thus, the results of this paper extend the economic theory with another model and are also applicable in the field of destination management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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14 pages, 838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evidence of a Threshold Size for Norwegian Campsites and Its Dynamic Growth Process Implications—Does Gibrat’s Law Hold?

by Robin Valenta, Johannes Idsø and Leiv Opstad

Economies 2021, 9(4), 175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9040175 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2058

Abstract

Although campsites are an important segment of the tourist sector, few applied articles have analyzed their growth path and tested Gibrat’s Law for firms within this industry. This knowledge can be of importance to the authorities when analyzing the regional impacts of growth [...] Read more.

Although campsites are an important segment of the tourist sector, few applied articles have analyzed their growth path and tested Gibrat’s Law for firms within this industry. This knowledge can be of importance to the authorities when analyzing the regional impacts of growth in this sector. With government statistics from the last decade, we use a GMM framework to test the stricter version of Gibrat’s Law, which consist of three parts: the campsites’ growth trend, how they carry over success and failure, and how volatile their size is. The first and third part are rejected for Norwegian campsites, leading to a rejection of Gibrat’s Law. To see if firms of different sizes follow different dynamics, we split the sample in three parts. Here, we find evidence of a threshold size, as large campsites follow a fundamentally different dynamic than small and medium campsites. Specifically, large campsites gain no stability in revenue by further increases in size, whereas they carry over success/failure across years. The opposite is true for the rest of the sector. Gibrat’s Law is rejected on at least one count for each of the sub-samples. Lastly, we supplement the analysis with economy-wide and firm-specific variables to test further hypotheses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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16 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Holiday Rentals in Cultural Tourism Destinations: A Comparison of Booking.com-Based Daily Rate Estimation for Seville and Porto

by Miguel Ángel Solano-Sánchez, José António C. Santos, Margarida Custódio Santos and Manuel Ángel Fernández-Gámez

Economies 2021, 9(4), 157; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9040157 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2371

Abstract

Multiple variables determine holiday rentals’ price composition in cultural tourism destinations. This study sought, first, to test a model including the variables with the greatest impact on tourism accommodations’ prices in these destinations and, second, to demonstrate the proposed model’s applicability to cultural [...] Read more.

Multiple variables determine holiday rentals’ price composition in cultural tourism destinations. This study sought, first, to test a model including the variables with the greatest impact on tourism accommodations’ prices in these destinations and, second, to demonstrate the proposed model’s applicability to cultural city destinations by identifying the adaptations needed to apply it to different contexts. Two cities were selected for the model application—Seville in Spain and Porto in Portugal—both of which are located in different countries and are well-known cultural tourism destinations. The data were extracted from Booking.com because this accommodations platform has adapted its offer to the sharing economy, becoming one of the most important players in the market, and because research on holiday rentals using data from Booking.com is scarce. The results show that the variables used are relevant and highlight the adaptations necessary for specific cultural tourism destinations, thereby indicating that the model can be applied to all cultural tourism destinations. The proposed approach can help holiday rental managers select the correct tools for determining their accommodation units’ daily rates according to their product and marketing context’s characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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22 pages, 597 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Are the Needs of Senior Tourists? Evidence from Remote Regions of Europe

by Joanna Zielińska-Szczepkowska

Economies 2021, 9(4), 148; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9040148 - 11 Oct 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6844

Abstract

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe, with growth mostly centered in major cities and urban locations. Nevertheless, remote destinations can also offer tranquility and accessibility, as well as both unexploited and unknown development potential for active senior travelers. The purpose [...] Read more.

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe, with growth mostly centered in major cities and urban locations. Nevertheless, remote destinations can also offer tranquility and accessibility, as well as both unexploited and unknown development potential for active senior travelers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, on the basis of information gathered from 1705 questionnaires, senior touristic behavior, including motivations and decision-making issues for senior travelers in 11 remote regions of nine European countries (Finland, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain, Ireland, and Greece). A mixed-methods approach was used to fulfill the research objectives. Both interviews and the survey method were applied to generate data from senior tourists. The present study will focus on the key factors explaining senior tourists’ motivations and barriers to travel. The results of surveys conducted within the TOURAGE project indicate the significant potential of remote regions in the development of senior tourism. For senior respondents, a very important reason for going on holiday is the possibility of enjoying rest and silence. Safety, nature, historical sites, quality of services, and easy transportation connections are the top five attraction factors for seniors when choosing a destination. At the same time, according to the interviews, among the important problems negatively influencing the size of the senior tourism market in remote regions are: difficulties in reaching seniors with tourist offers, a lack of promotion of local tourist products aimed at seniors, and finally a lack of financial resources for the implementation of local projects supporting the development of senior tourism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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20 pages, 747 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Investment in Tourism Infrastructure Development on Attracting International Visitors: A Nonlinear Panel ARDL Approach Using Vietnam’s Data

by Quang Hai Nguyen

Economies 2021, 9(3), 131; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9030131 - 14 Sep 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 37540

Abstract

Investment in tourism infrastructure development to make destinations and services increasingly attractive is considered a key measure in developing a country’s tourist destinations. This paper investigates the impact of investment in tourism infrastructure components on international visitor attraction using data from Vietnam for [...] Read more.

Investment in tourism infrastructure development to make destinations and services increasingly attractive is considered a key measure in developing a country’s tourist destinations. This paper investigates the impact of investment in tourism infrastructure components on international visitor attraction using data from Vietnam for the period 1995–2019. The results of analyzing panel data by the nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach show that, in the long-run, investing in the three components of tourism infrastructure, namely transport and communications infrastructure, the hotel and restaurant industry, and recreation facilities, has a strong and positive impact on international visitor attraction. In addition, different short-run impacts of the three tourism infrastructure components on the whole market and each major international visitor market are also found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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13 pages, 1016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Income and Currency Changes on Tourist Inflow to Norwegian Campsites: The Case of Swedish and German Visitors

by Leiv Opstad, Randi Hammervold and Johannes Idsø

Economies 2021, 9(3), 104; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/economies9030104 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3258

Abstract

There are few published articles on the demand for campsites, despite this being an important segment of the tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to gain further understanding of this topic. Using publicly available data over a period of 20 years, [...] Read more.

There are few published articles on the demand for campsites, despite this being an important segment of the tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to gain further understanding of this topic. Using publicly available data over a period of 20 years, income and currency elasticity were estimated for German and Swedish camping tourists by using a natural logarithmic regression model with time series data. The results showed that both income and the exchange rate influenced the number of overnight stays, but the impact was rather small. The income elasticity for Swedish visitors was significant with a value of about 0.5, while it was zero and not significant for German camping tourists. Appreciation of the euro was associated with more visitors from Germany, but the estimated exchange rate elasticity was below 1.0 (and significant). A stronger Swedish currency relative to the Norwegian currency did not appear to have an effect. However, a stronger Swedish exchange rate, measured in euros, had a positive impact on Swedish camping visitors in Norway. The reason might be that more Swedish residents spend holidays abroad, and there is complementarity among the neighboring countries. Such calculations provide useful information for tourist industry planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Economics)

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