Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 21312

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Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
Interests: multimedia networks; quality of service (QoS) in multimedia networks; mobile ad hoc networks; wireless networks; wireless sensor networks; computer networks design, modeling, and implementation
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Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: vehicular and sensor networks; low power wide area networks and IoT; cognitive radio networks; multimedia networking; energy saving in the Internet and in the wireless system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are deployed mainly in emergency situations like natural disasters and battlefields as there is no need to deploy any infrastructure to make nodes to communicate with each other. The topology of MANET changes dynamically due to the movement of the nodes and the resulting route failures and re-computations, difficulty in maintaining sessions, and so on. Each MANET node typically maintains the information of delay, jitter, loss rate stability, and distance for each link in order to feed routing algorithms. However, this state information is inherently imprecise due to the changes in the topology and the fact that resources such as bandwidth, battery, processing, and storage are limited. These peculiar characteristics of MANETs complicate quality of service (QoS) provision and, thus, multimedia communication over MANETs. In the last decade, much research effort has been devoted to addressing various challenges such as (1) effective QoS-based routing protocols and congestion control mechanisms for MANETs, (2) effective TDMA scheduling algorithms that guarantee QoS provisioning over MANETs by reducing the end-to-end delay and drop rate, (3) video streaming over MANETs, and (4) tools that evaluate MANET performance.

This Special Issue solicits novel work in terms of solutions and techniques for MANETs. We look forward to creating a forum in which researchers in the domain of MANETs can share their results, techniques, surveys, analyses, and discussions on the problems of MANETs. Topics of interest for this Special Issue are not limited strictly to traditional MANET problems, but also ones that address related fields, including vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and the use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), such as (but not limited to) the following:

  • Network architectures and protocols for MANETs
  • QoS-based routing for MANETs or VANETs
  • Congestion control for MANETs or VANETs
  • QoS scheduling for MANETs or VANETs
  • MAC protocols for MANETs or VANETs
  • Transmission techniques for multimedia information over MANETs or VANETs
  • Effective QoS control mechanisms for MANETs
  • 5G platforms for MANETs and VANETs
  • UAV assisted MANETs and VANETs
  • Security for MANETs or VANETs

Dr. Dimitris Kanellopoulos
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Francesca Cuomo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Network protocols for MANETs
  • Routing for MANETs or VANETs
  • Congestion control for MANETs or VANETs
  • Transmission techniques for multimedia information over MANETs or VANETs
  • QoS control mechanisms for MANETs
  • UAV assisted MANETs and VANETs
  • Security for MANETs or VANETs

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 175 KiB  
Editorial
Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
by Dimitris Kanellopoulos and Francesca Cuomo
Electronics 2021, 10(4), 364; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10040364 - 03 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1798
Abstract
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) have a decentralized nature that makes them suitable for a variety of applications [...] Full article

Research

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25 pages, 32402 KiB  
Article
Cooperation Promotion from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics: An Incentive Mechanism Based on Loss Aversion in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
by Jiaqi Liu, Shiyue Huang, Hucheng Xu, Deng Li, Nan Zhong and Hui Liu
Electronics 2021, 10(3), 225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10030225 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
As a special mobile ad-hoc network, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have the characteristics of high-speed movement, frequent topology changes, multi-hop routing, a lack of energy, storage space limitations, and the possible selfishness of the nodes. These characteristics bring challenges to the design of [...] Read more.
As a special mobile ad-hoc network, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have the characteristics of high-speed movement, frequent topology changes, multi-hop routing, a lack of energy, storage space limitations, and the possible selfishness of the nodes. These characteristics bring challenges to the design of the incentive mechanism in VANETs. In the current research on the incentive mechanism of VANETs, the mainstream is the reward-based incentive mechanism. Most of these mechanisms are designed based on the expected utility theory of traditional economics and assume that the positive and negative effects produced by an equal amount of gain and loss are equal in absolute value. However, the theory of loss aversion points out that the above effects are not equal. Moreover, this will lead to a deviation between the final decision-making behavior of nodes and the actual optimal situation. Therefore, this paper proposed a Loss-Aversion-based Incentive Mechanism (LAIM) to promote the comprehensive perception and sharing of information in the VANETs. This paper designs the incentive threshold and the threshold factor to motivate vehicle nodes to cooperate. Furthermore, based on the number of messages that the nodes face, the utility function of nodes is redesigned to correct the assumption that a gain and a loss of an equal amount could offset each other in traditional economics. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional incentive mechanism, the LAIM can increase the average utility of nodes by more than 34.35%, which promotes the cooperation of nodes. Full article
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22 pages, 926 KiB  
Article
Smart Fuzzy Logic-Based Density and Distribution Adaptive Scheme for Efficient Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
by Elnaz Limouchi and Imad Mahgoub
Electronics 2020, 9(8), 1297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics9081297 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
In vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), smart data dissemination is crucial for efficient exchange of traffic and road information. Given the dynamic nature of VANET, the challenge is to design an adaptive multi-hop broadcast scheme that achieves high reachability while efficiently utilizing the [...] Read more.
In vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), smart data dissemination is crucial for efficient exchange of traffic and road information. Given the dynamic nature of VANET, the challenge is to design an adaptive multi-hop broadcast scheme that achieves high reachability while efficiently utilizing the bandwidth by reducing the number of redundant transmissions. In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent fuzzy logic based density and distribution adaptive broadcast protocol for VANETs. The proposed protocol estimates the spatial distribution of vehicles in the network employing the Nearest Neighbor Distance method, and uses it to adapt the transmission range to enhance reachability. To reduce packet collisions, the protocol intelligently adapts the contention window size to the network density and spatial distribution. Bloom filter technique is used to reduce the overhead resulting from the inclusion of the neighbor IDs in the header of the broadcast message, which is needed in identifying the set of potential rebroadcasting vehicles. Our simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in enhancing reachability while efficiently utilizing bandwidth. Full article
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19 pages, 2900 KiB  
Article
Epidemic and Timer-Based Message Dissemination in VANETs: A Performance Comparison
by Pietro Spadaccino, Francesca Cuomo and Andrea Baiocchi
Electronics 2020, 9(4), 595; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics9040595 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2517
Abstract
Data dissemination is among the key functions of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), and it has attracted much attention in the past decade. We address distributed, efficient, and scalable algorithms in the context of VANETs adopting the paradigm. We introduce an epidemic algorithm for [...] Read more.
Data dissemination is among the key functions of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), and it has attracted much attention in the past decade. We address distributed, efficient, and scalable algorithms in the context of VANETs adopting the paradigm. We introduce an epidemic algorithm for message dissemination. The algorithm, named EPIC, is based on few assumptions, and it is very simple to implement. It uses only local information at each node, broadcast communications, and timers. EPIC is designed with the goal to reach the highest number of vehicles “infected” by the message, without overloading the network. It is tested on different scenarios taken from VANET simulations based on real urban environments (Manhattan, Cologne, Luxembourg). We compare our algorithm with a standard-based solution that exploits the contention-based forwarding component of the ETSI GeoNetworking protocol. On the other hand, we adapt literature based on a connected cover set to assess the near-optimality of our proposed algorithm and gain insight into the best selection of relay nodes as the size of the graph over which messages are spread scales up. The performance evaluation shows the behavior of EPIC and allows us to optimize the protocol parameters to minimize delay and overhead. Full article
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Review

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60 pages, 2118 KiB  
Review
Survey on Power-Aware Optimization Solutions for MANETs
by Dimitris Kanellopoulos and Varun Kumar Sharma
Electronics 2020, 9(7), 1129; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics9071129 - 11 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5326
Abstract
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) possess numerous and unique characteristics, such as high channel error-rate, severe link-layer contentions, frequent link breakage (due to node mobility), and dissimilar path properties (e.g., bandwidth, delay, and loss rate) that make these networks different from the traditional [...] Read more.
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) possess numerous and unique characteristics, such as high channel error-rate, severe link-layer contentions, frequent link breakage (due to node mobility), and dissimilar path properties (e.g., bandwidth, delay, and loss rate) that make these networks different from the traditional ones. These characteristics seriously interfere with communication and hence, ultimately degrade the overall performance in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, network throughput, and network overhead. The traditional referenced layered strict architecture is not capable of dealing with MANET characteristics. Along with this, the most important apprehension in the intent of MANETs is the battery-power consumption, which relies on non-renewable sources of energy. Even though improvements in battery design have not yet reached that great a level, the majority of the routing protocols have not emphasized energy consumption at all. Such a challenging aspect has gained remarkable attention from the researchers, which inspired us to accomplish an extensive literature survey on power-aware optimization approaches in MANETs. This survey comprehensively covers power-aware state-of-the-art schemes for each suggested group, major findings, crucial structures, advantages, and design challenges. In this survey, we assess the suggested power-aware policies in the past in every aspect so that, in the future, other researchers can find new potential research directions. Full article
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32 pages, 2163 KiB  
Review
Survey on Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Based on Multimetrics
by Carolina Tripp-Barba, Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado, Luis Urquiza-Aguiar and José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón
Electronics 2019, 8(10), 1177; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics8101177 - 17 Oct 2019
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 5883
Abstract
In the last few years, many routing protocols have been proposed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) because of their specific characteristics. Protocols that use several metrics have been shown to be the most adequate to VANETs due to their effectiveness in dealing [...] Read more.
In the last few years, many routing protocols have been proposed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) because of their specific characteristics. Protocols that use several metrics have been shown to be the most adequate to VANETs due to their effectiveness in dealing with dynamic environment changes due to vehicle mobility. Metrics such as distance, density, link stability, speed, and position were selected by the authors for the best proposal. Several surveys of routing proposals have been generated to categorize contributions and their application scenarios, but none of them focused on multimetric approaches. In this paper, we present a review of the routing protocols based on more than one metric to select the best route in a VANET. The main objective of this research was to present the contemporary most frequently used metrics in the different proposals and their application scenarios. This review helps in the selection protocols or the creation of metrics when a new protocol is designed.This survey of multimetric VANET routing protocols employed systematic literature-review (SLR) methodology in four well-knownown databases that allowed to analyze current state-of-the-art proposals. In addition, this paper provides a description of these multimetric routing protocols. Our findings indicate that distance and speed are the most popular and versatile metrics. Finally, we define some possible directions for future research related to the use of this class of protocols. Full article
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