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Electronics
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Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond
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Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 28277

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Niamat Hussain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Smart Device Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: antenna engineering; wireless power transfer; bioelectromagnetic (SAR reduction in mobile antennas, study of electromagnetic effects of human health)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nam Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Communication Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
Interests: 5G mm-wave antennas; MIMO antennas; mobile phone antennas; health effects of electromagnetic fields; EMF safety standards; wireless power transfer
Dr. Syeda Iffat Naqvi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
Interests: mm-wave antennas; 5G; MIMO antennas; metasurface antennas; 5G antennas for mobile phones and handheld devices; reconfigurable antennas; THz antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antennas have always been the key component of all kinds of wireless communications systems. Among many other antenna technologies, multiple antenna technologies such as massive MIMO reduce energy consumption by pointing signals to individual targets/users utilizing beamforming and have made their way into modern 5G communication systems. The main advantage of this technology includes improved capacity and coverage to provide high data rates per user and per cell.

Now it is time to look for new antenna designs and technologies to meet the immensely higher data rate, reliability, and traffic demands. These antenna technologies may use existing microwave-/mm-wave frequency bands and new sub-THz bands. However, moving to sub-THz bands will bring new design challenges and fabrication challenges, and will certainly require careful consideration of the antenna design. The main objective of this Special Issue is to report recent advances in antenna designs from sub-6 GHz to THz frequency spectrum for 5G and beyond communications and sensing systems. Authors of both theoretical and application-oriented papers presenting emerging antenna technologies including massive MIMO, beamforming MIMO/arrays, along with the design of intelligent reflecting surfaces are most welcome to submit their manuscripts. We invite researchers worldwide from academia and industry to submit high-quality research articles and critical surveys or reviews papers.

Submissions can focus on conceptual and applied research, including but not limited to the following topics:

  • MIMO full-duplex antenna system
  • Massive MIMO antennas
  • Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for 5G and beyond
  • Phased array and beamforming antennas
  • mm-wave and THz antennas
  • Metamaterial/metasurface based antennas
  • Reconfigurable antennas
  • Multi-band antennas
  • Sub-6 GHz and mm-wave integrated antennas
  • Base station and terminal antennas
  • Wearable and implantable antennas
  • Antennas for wireless sensing and wireless power transfer
  • Antenna design techniques and measurement for 5G

Dr. Niamat Hussain
Prof. Dr. Nam Kim
Dr. Syeda Iffat Naqvi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 5G system
  • MIMO
  • array antenna
  • mm-wave antenna
  • microstrip patch antenna
  • wearables
  • energy efficient
  • antenna design
  • RF MEMS
  • reconfigurability
  • wireless communication
  • THz antenna
  • 6G communication

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4717 KiB  
Article
High-Isolation MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems
by Muhammad Bilal, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Niamat Hussain, Yasar Amin and Nam Kim
Electronics 2022, 11(6), 962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics11060962 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 4000
Abstract
The work in this article presents the design and realization of a low-profile, four-port MIMO antenna supporting fifth-generation (5G) wireless applications operating at a millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) band. Each MIMO antenna is a 2-element array fed with a corporate feeding network, whereas the single [...] Read more.
The work in this article presents the design and realization of a low-profile, four-port MIMO antenna supporting fifth-generation (5G) wireless applications operating at a millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) band. Each MIMO antenna is a 2-element array fed with a corporate feeding network, whereas the single antenna is a patch with a bow-tie slot at the center and slits at the edges. The vertical and horizontal slots are incorporated as a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) to optimize the antenna performance. In addition, a slotted zig-zag decoupling structure is etched from edge to edge on the top side to enhance the isolation. Significant isolation (>−40 dB) is achieved between antenna elements by employing spatial and polarization diversity techniques. The proposed antenna covers the 5G mm-Wave band with a −10 dB bandwidth ranging from 27.6–28.6 GHz, whereas the maximum gain attained for the proposed structure is 12.02 dBi. Moreover, the lower correlation values, higher diversity gain, and lower channel capacity loss make it a suitable contender for 5G MIMO applications at the mm-Wave range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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14 pages, 3672 KiB  
Article
Design and Characterization of Compact Broadband Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 28 GHz 5G Applications
by Musa Hussain, Esraa Mousa Ali, Syed Muhammad Rizvi Jarchavi, Abir Zaidi, Ali Imran Najam, Abdullah Alhumaidi Alotaibi, Ahmed Althobaiti and Sherif S. M. Ghoneim
Electronics 2022, 11(4), 523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics11040523 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 4342
Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterization of a compact broadband antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz 5G applications. The antenna was designed using Rogers RT/5880 with a thickness of 1.575 mm and has an overall compact size of 30 mm [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and characterization of a compact broadband antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz 5G applications. The antenna was designed using Rogers RT/5880 with a thickness of 1.575 mm and has an overall compact size of 30 mm × 30 mm. The design methodology was initiated by designing a compact conventional microstrip antenna for 28 GHz. Afterward, the rectangular slots were utilized to improve the impedance bandwidth so that antenna covers the globally allocated 28 GHz band spectrum for 5G applications. Furthermore, a compact 2 × 2 MIMO antenna with polarization diversity is designed for high channel capacity systems. The mutual coupling between the closely spaced antenna elements is reduced by using two consecutive iterations of defected ground structure (DGS). The proposed MIMO antenna system offers broad bandwidth, high gain, low mutual coupling, and low envelope correlation coefficient along with high diversity gain, low mean effective gain, and low channel capacity loss. Moreover, the proposed been compared with the state-of-the-art MIMO antenna proposed for 28 GHz application to demonstrate worth of the presented design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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12 pages, 8469 KiB  
Article
Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices
by Haider Ali, Xin-Cheng Ren, Inam Bari, Muhammad Adil Bashir, Anas M. Hashmi, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Saad Ijaz Majid, Naveed Jan, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen and Muhammad Rizwan Anjum
Electronics 2022, 11(1), 35; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics11010035 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3377
Abstract
In this article, a compact four-port MIMO antenna system resonating from 4.7–5.1 GHz on −6 dB criteria is discussed. The proposed antennas are arranged in a perpendicular manner providing diversity with good isolation characteristics. The proposed antenna was fabricated and designed on a [...] Read more.
In this article, a compact four-port MIMO antenna system resonating from 4.7–5.1 GHz on −6 dB criteria is discussed. The proposed antennas are arranged in a perpendicular manner providing diversity with good isolation characteristics. The proposed antenna was fabricated and designed on a commercially available low-cost FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4. The total size of the antenna is 40 × 40 mm2, and a minimum isolation of 25 dB was observed at most nearby resonating elements. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested at an in-house facility, and the measured results agree well with the simulations. The MIMO antenna characteristics, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) among any two radiating elements, have been found to be less than 0.1, and the diversity gain (DG) value evaluated showed that the proposed antenna is well designed. Furthermore, the SAR analysis showed that the desired antenna system is safe for users, with a value of 0.94 W/Kg. The channel capacity (cc) was found to be 18.7 bps/Hz, approximately 2.7 times more than SISO systems. Through its robust and reliable performance and its peak gain of 2.8 dBi, the proposed compact antenna is a good candidate for future 5G devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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12 pages, 7014 KiB  
Article
An Eight Element Dual Band Antenna for Future 5G Smartphones
by Haider Ali, Xin-Cheng Ren, Anas M. Hashmi, Muhammad Rizwan Anjum, Inam Bari, Saad Ijaz Majid, Naveed Jan, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen, Amjad Iqbal and Muhammad Abbas Khan
Electronics 2021, 10(23), 3022; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10233022 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
The demand of 5G in modern communication era due to its high data rate, reliable connectivity and low latency is enormous. This paper presents a novel dual band antenna resonating at two distinct bands allotted for 5G services. The proposed antenna is composed [...] Read more.
The demand of 5G in modern communication era due to its high data rate, reliable connectivity and low latency is enormous. This paper presents a novel dual band antenna resonating at two distinct bands allotted for 5G services. The proposed antenna is composed of inverted L shape probes comprising a rectangular defected ground structure. The propose antenna covers 3.4–3.6 GHz and 5.4–5.6 GHz spectrum. In propose MIMO system, the efficiency ranges from 52 to 69% with peak gain of 3.1 dBi. The proposed antenna system is sufficiently isolated with minimum value of 13 dB and ECC less than 0.05 among any two radiating elements. Similarly, the channel capacity is found to be 38 and 39.5 at both resonating bands at 20 dB SNR and diversity and mean effective gains lies in acceptable range. The radiation characteristics of the proposed design shows that the proposed antenna is providing good diversity characteristics and SAR values have demonstrated to be safe for user vicinity. The proposed dual band antenna prototype is developed tested. With the measured results obtained, the MIMO system proposed can be seen as vital candidate for 5G LTE band 42 and 46 services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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10 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Design and Fabrication of a Printed Tri-Band Antenna for 5G Applications Operating across Ka-, and V-Band Spectrums
by Musa Hussain, Syed Muhammad Rizvi Jarchavi, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Usama Gulzar, Salahuddin Khan, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari and Isabelle Huynen
Electronics 2021, 10(21), 2674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10212674 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2713
Abstract
In this paper, an umbrella-shaped patch antenna for future millimeter-wave applications for the 5G frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequency bands, i.e., 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 55 GHz (V-band) that have been globally allocated for 5G communications [...] Read more.
In this paper, an umbrella-shaped patch antenna for future millimeter-wave applications for the 5G frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequency bands, i.e., 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 55 GHz (V-band) that have been globally allocated for 5G communications systems. The proposed antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5870, with a relative permittivity, loss tangent and thickness of 2.33 mm, 0.0012 mm and 0.79 mm, respectively. The antenna has an overall size of 8 mm × 8 mm which correspond to 0.7 λ × 0.7 λ, where λ is free space wavelength at the lowest resonance. Moreover, the wide bandwidth, high gain and tri band operational mode is achieved by introducing two stubs to the initial design. The antenna prototype was fabricated and validated experimentally. The comparison of the simulated and measured results demonstrates a good correlation. Additionally, the comparative analysis with state of the art work demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers compact size, simple geometrical configuration, wide bandwidth, high gain, and radiation efficiency which makes the proposed antenna a potential candidate for compact smart 5G devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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Review

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29 pages, 10828 KiB  
Review
A Road towards 6G Communication—A Review of 5G Antennas, Arrays, and Wearable Devices
by Muhammad Ikram, Kamel Sultan, Muhammad Faisal Lateef and Abdulrahman S. M. Alqadami
Electronics 2022, 11(1), 169; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics11010169 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 70 | Viewed by 9965
Abstract
Next-generation communication systems and wearable technologies aim to achieve high data rates, low energy consumption, and massive connections because of the extensive increase in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and wearable devices. These devices will be employed for many services such as cellular, [...] Read more.
Next-generation communication systems and wearable technologies aim to achieve high data rates, low energy consumption, and massive connections because of the extensive increase in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and wearable devices. These devices will be employed for many services such as cellular, environment monitoring, telemedicine, biomedical, and smart traffic, etc. Therefore, it is challenging for the current communication devices to accommodate such a high number of services. This article summarizes the motivation and potential of the 6G communication system and discusses its key features. Afterward, the current state-of-the-art of 5G antenna technology, which includes existing 5G antennas and arrays and 5G wearable antennas, are summarized. The article also described the useful methods and techniques of exiting antenna design works that could mitigate the challenges and concerns of the emerging 5G and 6G applications. The key features and requirements of the wearable antennas for next-generation technology are also presented at the end of the paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for 5G and Beyond)
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