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From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022

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A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2022) | Viewed by 34935

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Pozdzik

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Guest Editor

Kidney Stone Clinic, Nephrology Department, Hospital Brugmann, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Interests: kidney stones; hyperoxaluria; calcium stones; epidemiology; urine analysis; crystalluria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Khashayar Sakhaee

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Guest Editor

UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, TX 75309, USA
Interests: nephrolithiasis; osteoporosis; disorders in mineral metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Kemal Sarica

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Guest Editor

Department of Urology, Biruni University Medical School, 34010 Zeytinburnu, Turkey
Interests: shockwave lithotripsy; percutaneous nephrolithotomy; flexible- semirigid ureteroscopy; surgical management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is approximately 20.0%, and the health and economic burdens of kidney stone disease are enormous worldwide. Nevertheless, recent advances in medical and surgical management of kidney stone disease have greatly improved health outcomes in this population.

The goal of this issue is to share current, state-of-the-art advances achieved in exploring and understanding what underlies pathophysiological mechanisms, their molecular genetic basis, as well as progress achieved in the development of new medications and technical advances in surgical management in this population.

The submission deadline is 1 September 2022.

Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Pozdzik
Prof. Dr. Khashayar Sakhaee
Prof. Dr. Kemal Sarica
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

kidney stones
hyperoxaluria
hypercalciuria
epidemiology
metabolic assessment
crystalluria
stone analysis
medical management
shockwave lithotripsy
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
ureteroscopy
surgical management genetics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

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23 pages, 965 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pediatric Nephrolithiasis

by Brent Cao, Roby Daniel, Ryan McGregor and Gregory E. Tasian

Healthcare 2023, 11(4), 552; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare11040552 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3148

Abstract

The prevalence of pediatric nephrolithiasis has increased dramatically in the past two decades for reasons that have yet to be fully elucidated. Workup of pediatric kidney stones should include metabolic assessment to identify and address any risk factors predisposing patients to recurrent stone formation, and treatment should aim to facilitate stone clearance while minimizing complications, radiation and anesthetic exposure, and other risks. Treatment methods include observation and supportive therapy, medical expulsive therapy, and surgical intervention, with choice of treatment method determined by clinicians’ assessments of stone size, location, anatomic factors, comorbidities, other risk factors, and preferences and goals of patients and their families. Much of the current research into nephrolithiasis is restricted to adult populations, and more data are needed to better understand many aspects of the epidemiology and treatment of pediatric kidney stones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022)

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25 pages, 436 KiB

Open AccessReview

Epidemiology of Kidney Stones

by Kyriaki Stamatelou and David S. Goldfarb

Healthcare 2023, 11(3), 424; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare11030424 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 10575

Abstract

In the past two decades, major breakthroughs that improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and therapy of kidney stones (KS) have been lacking. The disease continues to be challenging for patients, physicians, and healthcare systems alike. In this context, epidemiological studies are striving to elucidate the worldwide changes in the patterns and the burden of the disease and identify modifiable risk factors that contribute to the development of kidney stones. Our expanding knowledge of the epidemiology of kidney stones is of paramount importance and largely upgrades the modern management of the disease. In this paper, we review the variables affecting prevalence and incidence, including age, gender, race, ethnicity, occupation, climate, geography, systemic diseases, diabetes, vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and dietary risk factors relevant to kidney stones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022)

Other

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7 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

A Summary of Current Guidelines and Future Directions for Medical Management and Monitoring of Patients with Cystinuria

by Sarah M. Azer and David S. Goldfarb

Healthcare 2023, 11(5), 674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare11050674 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Cystinuria is the most common genetic cause of recurrent kidney stones. As the result of a genetic defect in proximal tubular reabsorption of filtered cystine, increased urine levels of the poorly soluble amino acid result in recurrent cystine nephrolithiasis. Recurrent cystine stones not only adversely affect the quality of patients suffering from cystinuria but also may result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) from recurrent renal injury. Thus, the mainstay of medical management revolves around prevention of stones. Recently published consensus statements on guidelines for managing cystinuria were released from both the United States and Europe. The purpose of this review is to summarize guidelines for medical management of patients with cystinuria, to provide new insight into the utility and clinical significance of cystine capacity—an assay for monitoring cystinuria, and to discuss future directions for research on treatment of cystinuria. We discuss future directions, including the potential use of cystine mimetics, gene therapy, V2-receptor blockers, and SGLT2 inhibitors, topics which have not appeared in more recent reviews. It is notable that in the absence of randomized, controlled trials, the recommendations cited here and in the guidelines are based on our best understanding of the disorder’s pathophysiology, observational studies, and clinical experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022)

17 pages, 2756 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Description of Stone Morphology and Crystalluria Improve Diagnosis and Care of Kidney Stone Formers

by Emmanuel Letavernier, Dominique Bazin and Michel Daudon

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare11010002 - 20 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 15341

Abstract

Stone analysis by physical methods is critical to determine their chemical nature and to diagnose the underlying conditions affecting kidney stone formers. This analysis should be completed by a morphologic examination of stone surface and section, leading to the diagnosis of anatomical or metabolic disorders and of specific diseases. Crystalluria study, the analysis of urine crystals, provides complementary information and is extremely useful for both diagnosis and patient follow-up. This review describes briefly how these techniques may be used and in which conditions stone morphology and urine crystal description are particularly relevant for patients medical care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022)

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7 pages, 1090 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Kidney Stones, Proteinuria and Renal Tubular Metabolic Acidosis: What Is the Link?

by Maxime Ilzkovitz, Elikyah Esther Kayembe, Caroline Geers and Agnieszka Pozdzik

Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 836; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10050836 - 02 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2580

Abstract

Kidney stone disease represents a rare cause of chronic kidney disease (2–3%) but has severe clinical consequences. Type 1 renal tubular acidosis is a strong lithogenic condition mainly related to primary Sjögren syndrome. This study aimed to illustrate an unusual presentation of Sjögren syndrome to improve the knowledge about rare kidney stone diseases, and to provide clues for the diagnostic approach in this specific condition. We report the case of a 35-year-old Indian woman with severe nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease with tubular proteinuria who presented for metabolic assessment. We found advanced chronic kidney disease, low serum bicarbonate, permanent alkaline urine with pH at ~7.1, and severe hypocitraturia corresponding to type 1 renal tubular acidosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high. Serological screening for HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV was negative and complement was normal. Autoimmune screening showed antinuclear antibodies (>1/1.280) with anti-SSA, anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-SSB antibodies. Genetic testing excluded an inherited cause of renal tubular acidosis. A renal biopsy showed moderate chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis without any glomerular involvement. Primary Sjögren syndrome with significant renal involvement was considered, and corticosteroids were then subsequently initiated in combination with potassium citrate with vitamin D substitution. Only partial improvement was observed in electrolytes disturbance. After 15 months, her renal function remained stable. In conclusion, nephrocalcinosis could be the first manifestation of severely impacting diseases such as primary Sjögren syndrome. Chronic kidney disease, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, and metabolic acidosis can be linked through type 1 renal tubular acidosis. Therefore, autoimmune screening for Sjögren syndrome should be considered in such cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Bench to Bed: Kidney Stones Still Challenge Healthcare in 2022)

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