Recent Advances in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 1425

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Sports Medical Center, Am Hof 11/9, 1010 Vienna, Austria
2. Döbling Private Hospital, Vienna, Austria
Interests: anterior cruciate ligament; knee injuries; orthopedic trauma surgery; arthroscopic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am honored to be a Guest Editor for this new Special Issue, entitled “Recent Advances in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction”. Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent orthopedic injuries in professional and recreational athletes. In the United States alone, 100,000-200,000 people suffer an ACL injury annually. Despite the availability of numerous studies focusing on different types of ACL reconstruction, there is still place for further investigation to improve the outcomes after ACL injuries. Outcome improvement means avoiding re-ruptures and reducing the risk of osteoarthritis after ACL tears. In recent years, new developments in ACL reconstructive surgery have gained attention. These developments include strategies to preserve the torn ligament rather than to just replace it. Today, these preserving strategies have changed the paradigm of ACL reconstruction and now play a major role in reconstructive surgery of the ACL. Additionally, the role of the antero-lateral ligament was pointed out repeatedly within recent years, making this a structural topic of both biomechanical and clinical studies and leading to the development of sophisticated surgical techniques to restore this structure. In this Special Issue, we will also focus on the future of ACL repair by using orthobiologics and/or stem cells to treat ACL injuries. Additionally, the role of non-surgical treatment and the value of physiotherapy and rehabilitation will be pointed out.

I therefore encourage authors and specialists in the field of ACL injuries to share their experiences and invite them to submit their latest research.

Dr. Patrick Weninger
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • ACL reconstruction
  • ACL repair
  • ACL preservation
  • orthobiologics
  • stem cells
  • rehabilitation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 5642 KiB  
Article
Outcomes of “Over the Top” Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associated with a Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis in Children
by Abel Gomez-Caceres, Iskandar Tamimi-Mariño, Francisco Javier Martinez-Malo, Raphael Pierre Idiart-Charrier, Ignacio Vieitez-Riestra and Ivan Medina-Porqueres
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1501; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm13051501 - 05 Mar 2024
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Abstract
(1) Purpose: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures in children and adolescents has considerably increased during the last decades due to higher levels of competitive athletic activity, and early sport specialization and professionalization. Contemporary ACL reconstruction techniques have recently been [...] Read more.
(1) Purpose: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures in children and adolescents has considerably increased during the last decades due to higher levels of competitive athletic activity, and early sport specialization and professionalization. Contemporary ACL reconstruction techniques have recently been subject to renewed interest in this population. The objective of this study is to report the short- and mid-term results of our physis-sparing ACL reconstruction technique using an “over the top” technique associated with a modified Lemaire procedure. (2) Methods: A retrospective series of 12 junior soccer players who presented to our clinic with a torn ACL between January 2019 and September 2021 was reviewed. The inclusion criteria were patients under 15 years with open tibial and femoral physes, with a stable contralateral knee, a minimum follow-up of 6 months, and a time frame from injury to surgery of <3 months. Patients with previous knee surgery, structural concomitant injuries, muscular, neurological, or vascular abnormalities, or hypersensitivity to metal alloys were excluded. The functional evaluation was performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) rating, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity level. Moreover, clinical and radiological assessments were also performed, including KT-1000 and knee X-rays. (3) Results: We identified 1 female and 11 male patients with ACL tears, with a mean age of 13.17 ± 0.9 months. Concomitant injuries include isolated vertical and bucket-handle tears of the medial meniscus, lateral meniscus tears, bilateral tear of both menisci. The mean follow-up time was 26 ± 12.6 months. The average IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores were 93.29 ± 11.04, 95.08 ± 13.2 and 9 ± 0.0 points, respectively. The average KT-1000 score of the participants was 0.96 ± 1.6 points. None of the included patients reported post-surgical complications or required additional surgeries. (4) Conclusions: Our novel ACL reconstruction with LET technique is a safe procedure that resulted in good clinical outcomes, lower failure rate and return to sports in skeletally immature patients. Full article
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12 pages, 8377 KiB  
Article
Anterior Intercondylar Notch Geometry in Relation to the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament Size
by Eduard M. Cernat, Alina Dima, Claudiu Popescu, Andrei Neagu, Cezar Betianu, Marius Moga, Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu and Adrian Barbilian
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 309; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm13020309 - 05 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Background: The intercondylar notch (ICN) and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are important structures in knee morphometry, with key roles in stabilizing the knee. Aim: To determine the associations between the specific shape of the ICN (A-, W-, or U-shape) and the ACL [...] Read more.
Background: The intercondylar notch (ICN) and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are important structures in knee morphometry, with key roles in stabilizing the knee. Aim: To determine the associations between the specific shape of the ICN (A-, W-, or U-shape) and the ACL size in patients with intact ACLs. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were independently analyzed by two experts: one orthopedic surgeon and one imaging physician. In all cases, the following measurements were taken based on the existing definitions: ACL area, anterior ICN (aICN) area, ICN width, lateral trochlear inclination (LTI), and Insall–Salvati index. Results: A total of 65 cases (50.8% male; 33.8 ± 10.2 years mean age at inclusion) were included in the study. The ACL and aICN areas were significantly larger in patients with U-shaped compared with A-shaped and W-shaped ICNs: 0.50 (0.20–0.80) vs. 0.40 (0.20–0.80) vs. 0.40 (0.30–0.80), p = 0.011 and 1.16 (0.57–3.60) vs. 0.47 (0.15–0.95) vs. 0.37 (0.15–0.81), p < 0.001, respectively. Internal meniscal lesions were more common in cases with U-shaped ICNs (64.0%), while external ones were more common in W-shaped ICN cases (35.3%). None of the A-shaped cases had external chondral or meniscal lesions. The ACL area was significantly larger in males and internal meniscal injuries, with no differences between chondral lesions, external meniscal injuries, patellar chondral lesions, patella alta, or trochlear dysplasia. Conclusion: The specific shape of the intercondylar notch was associated with the anterior cruciate ligament–anterior intercondylar notch (ACL–aICN) area size correlation, with a strong correlation between ACL and aICN area when the intercondylar notch was A-shaped or W-shaped, and a low correlation when the notch was U- shaped. The specific shape of the intercondylar notch (A-, W-, or U-shape) was associated with the occurrence of both internal and external meniscal injuries, with the U-shaped intercondylar notch morphometry being more frequent in cases with internal meniscal injuries and the W-shape being more common in cases with external meniscal injuries. Full article
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