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Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19
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Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology & Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 14027

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Danilo Buonsenso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
2. Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", 00168 Roma, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; Long COVID; global health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

2020 has been a unique year for medicine. This pandemic is still having a profound impact on human lives, clinical practice and research. However, SARS-CoV-2 gave us the opportunity to reconsider and improve the way we see medicine. The pandemic accelerated progresses in several fields, from immunology and vaccinology, to telemedicine and artificial intelligence. In each of these aspects, lung ultrasound played a significant role.

During the first months of the pandemic, clinicians and researchers of the Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound (Accademia di Ecografia Toracica—ADET) had already highlighted the potential role of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia. Later on, a proposal for an international standardization of the procedure and its prognostic role was clearly demonstrated by the same group. Artificial Intelligence platforms have been developed. Early observations have been confirmed worldwide, including in children.

With this Special Issue, we call International clinicians and researchers to share their experiences, perspectives, reviews and original papers assessing the role of lung ultrasound in adults and children with COVID-19. We are also interested in viewpoints and personal experiences highlighting how lung ultrasound impacted your clinical practice, experiences, teaching programs, professional relationships.

Dr. Danilo Buonsenso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung ultrasound
  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Children
  • multisystem inflammatory syndrome
  • adults

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

7 pages, 441 KiB  
Editorial
Lung Ultrasound in Adults and Children with COVID-19: From First Discoveries to Recent Advances
by Danilo Buonsenso and Luigi Vetrugno
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(15), 4340; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11154340 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
During this pandemic, the lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging modality has shown promising results as a diagnostic, prognostic and monitoring tool for COVID-19 patients [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

15 pages, 6783 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Neonates: Observed by Lung Ultrasound Technique and Correlated with Biomarkers and Symptoms
by Emil Robert Stoicescu, Diana Luminita Manolescu, Roxana Iacob, Simona Cerbu, Mirabela Dima, Emil Radu Iacob, Ioana Mihaiela Ciuca, Cristian Oancea and Daniela Iacob
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(12), 3555; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11123555 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Newborns infected with SARS-CoV2 infection develop different symptoms in comparison with adults, but one thing is clear: some of the most common manifestations include cough and other respiratory symptoms that need to be evaluated. In these cases, lung ultrasound is a useful imaging [...] Read more.
Newborns infected with SARS-CoV2 infection develop different symptoms in comparison with adults, but one thing is clear: some of the most common manifestations include cough and other respiratory symptoms that need to be evaluated. In these cases, lung ultrasound is a useful imaging technique that can evaluate the newborns’ lung damage caused by COVID-19 pneumonia and can be used for the surveillance of the patients as well, being non-irradiating and easy to use. Nineteen neonates who were confirmed as having SARS-CoV2 infection were investigated using this imaging tool, and the results were compared and correlated with their symptoms and biomarkers. The mean of LUSS was 12.21 ± 3.56 (S.D), while the 95% CI for the arithmetic mean was 10.49–13.93. The difference of an independent t-test between the LUSS for the patient who presented cough and the LUSS for the patient without cough was −4.48 with an associated p-value of p = 0.02. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.89 (p = 0.03, 95% CI 0.0642 to 0.993) between the LUSS and IL-6 level showed a positive strong correlation. This reliable correlation between lung ultrasound score and inflammatory markers suggests that LUS could be used for monitoring inflammatory lung diseases in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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9 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
The Role of Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing COVID-19-Related Multisystemic Inflammatory Disease: A Preliminary Experience
by Anna Maria Musolino, Elena Boccuzzi, Danilo Buonsenso, Maria Chiara Supino, Maria Alessia Mesturino, Eugenio Pitaro, Valentina Ferro, Raffaella Nacca, Serena Sinibaldi, Paolo Palma, Alberto Villani and Paolo Tomà
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 234; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11010234 - 01 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Background: To date, there are no data regarding the systematic application of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound (PoC-LUS) in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The main aim of this study is to show the role of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound as an additional [...] Read more.
Background: To date, there are no data regarding the systematic application of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound (PoC-LUS) in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The main aim of this study is to show the role of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound as an additional aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19-related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Methods: Between April 2020 and April 2021, patients aged 0–18 years referred to our emergency department for fever, and later hospitalized without a specific diagnosis, underwent PoC-LUS. Ultrasound images of patients with a final diagnosis of MIS-C were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Ten patients were enrolled. All were described to have pleural irregularities and B-lines. In particular: 8/10 children presented with isolated B-lines in at least half of the lung areas of interest; 8/10 presented with multiple B-lines and 3/8 had them in at least 50% of lung areas; 5/10 had a white lung appearance in at least one lung area and 1/5 had them in half of the areas of interest. Pleural effusion was described in 9/10. Conclusions: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we suggest performing PoC-LUS in febrile patients with high levels of inflammatory indices and clinical suspicion of MIS-C, or without a certain diagnosis; the finding of many B-lines and pleural effusion would support the diagnosis of a systemic inflammatory disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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12 pages, 1419 KiB  
Article
Prediction Accuracy of Serial Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients (Pred-Echovid Study)
by Juan Torres-Macho, Marcos Sánchez-Fernández, Irene Arnanz-González, Yale Tung-Chen, Ana Isabel Franco-Moreno, Mercedes Duffort-Falcó, Luis Beltrán-Romero, Santiago Rodríguez-Suaréz, Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel, Elena Urbano, Manuel Méndez-Bailon, Fernando Roque-Rojas, Elena García-Guijarro and Gonzalo García-Casasola
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 4818; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10214818 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
The value of serial lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with COVID-19 is not well defined. In this multicenter prospective observational study, we aimed to assess the prognostic accuracy of serial LUS in patients admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. The serial LUS protocol [...] Read more.
The value of serial lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with COVID-19 is not well defined. In this multicenter prospective observational study, we aimed to assess the prognostic accuracy of serial LUS in patients admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. The serial LUS protocol included two examinations (0–48 h and 72–96 h after admission) using a 10-zones sequence, and a 0 to 5 severity score. Primary combined endpoint was death or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curves), and discrimination power (area under the ROC curve) of both ultrasound exams (SCORE1 and 2), and their difference (DIFFERENTIAL-SCORE) were performed. A total of 469 patients (54.2% women, median age 60 years) were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 51 patients (10.9%). Probability risk tertiles of SCORE1 and SCORE2 (0–11 points, 12–24 points, and ≥25 points) obtained a high calibration. SCORE-2 showed a higher discrimination power than SCORE-1 (AUC 0.72 (0.58–0.85) vs. 0.61 (0.52–0.7)). The DIFFERENTIAL-SCORE showed a higher discrimination power than SCORE-1 and SCORE-2 (AUC 0.78 (0.66–0.9)). An algorithm for clinical decision-making is proposed. Serial lung ultrasound performing two examinations during the first days of hospitalization is an accurate strategy for predicting clinical deterioration of patients with COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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12 pages, 3003 KiB  
Article
Lung Ultrasound Examination in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Multicenter Study
by Natalia Buda, Jolanta Cylwik, Katarzyna Mróz, Renata Rudzińska, Paweł Dubik, Agnieszka Malczewska, Aleksandra Oraczewska, Szymon Skoczyński, Anna Suska, Tomasz Górecki, Konrad Mendrala, Jakub Piotrkowski, Wojciech Gola, Elena Segura-Grau, Anna Zamojska and Marcin Wełnicki
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3255; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10153255 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3217
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has, by necessity, contributed to rapid advancements in medicine. Owing to the necessity of following strict anti-epidemic sanitary measures when taking care of infected patients, the accessibility of standard diagnostic methods may be limited. Consequently, the significance and potential [...] Read more.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has, by necessity, contributed to rapid advancements in medicine. Owing to the necessity of following strict anti-epidemic sanitary measures when taking care of infected patients, the accessibility of standard diagnostic methods may be limited. Consequently, the significance and potential of bedside diagnostic modalities increase, including lung ultrasound (LUS). Method: Multicenter registry study involving adult patients with confirmed COVID-19, for whom LUS was performed. Results: A total of 228 patients (61% males) qualified for the study. The average age was 60 years (±14), 40% were older than 65 years of age. In 130 from 173 hospitalized patients, HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography) was performed. In 80% of patients, LUS findings indicated interstitial pneumonia. In hospitalized patients multifocally located single B-lines, symmetrical B-lines, and areas of white lung were significantly more frequent as compared to ambulatory patients. LUS findings, both those indicating interstitial syndrome and consolidations, were positively correlated with HRCT images. As compared to HRCT, the sensitivity and specificity of LUS in detecting interstitial pneumonia were 97% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: As compared to HRCT, LUS is characterized by a very high sensitivity and specificity in detecting interstitial pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Potentially, LUS can be a particularly useful diagnostic modality for COVID-19 patients pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

22 pages, 4737 KiB  
Review
Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review
by Minh Pierre Lê, Mathieu Jozwiak and Driss Laghlam
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5001; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11175001 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has a relatively recent democratization due to the better availability and training of physicians, especially in intensive care units. LUS is a relatively cheap and easy-to-learn and -use bedside technique that evaluates pulmonary morphology when using simple algorithms. During the [...] Read more.
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has a relatively recent democratization due to the better availability and training of physicians, especially in intensive care units. LUS is a relatively cheap and easy-to-learn and -use bedside technique that evaluates pulmonary morphology when using simple algorithms. During the global COVID-19 pandemic, LUS was found to be an accurate tool to quickly diagnose, triage and monitor patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of LUS use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first section of our work defines the technique, the practical approach and the semeiotic signs of LUS examination. The second section exposed the COVID-19 pattern in LUS examination and the difference between the differential diagnosis patterns and the well-correlation found with computer tomography scan findings. In the third section, we described the utility of LUS in the management of COVID-19 patients, allowing an early diagnosis and triage in the emergency department, as the monitoring of pneumonia course (pneumonia progression, alveolar recruitment, mechanical ventilation weaning) and detection of secondary complications (pneumothorax, superinfection). Moreover, we describe the usefulness of LUS as a marker of the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in the fourth section. Finally, the 5th part is focused on describing the interest of the LUS, as a non-ionized technique, in the management of pregnant COVID-19 women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19)
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