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New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease: Towards Innovative Pharmacological and Nutritional...
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New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease: Towards Innovative Pharmacological and Nutritional Approaches

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 8861

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Di Minno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; cardiovascular disease; reactive oxygen species; pharmacological treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Benedetta Porro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., 20138 Milan, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; cardiovascular disease; reactive oxygen species; pharmacological treatment; red blood cell; endothelial disfunction
Dr. Felice Amato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Bioteconologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: COVID-19; cystic fibrosis; haemophilia; inherited peripheral thrombosis; congenital diarrhea
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, continuous advances in science and the development of new techniques have allowed one to document the complex network of factors that interact cumulatively to trigger the onset of the atherosclerotic phenomenon and its progression. In particular, the development of new techniques (e.g., omics approaches) is helping to unravel different mechanism related to CVD development (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, and fatty acid oxidation) beyond traditional risk factors. This is key to developing innovative approaches in CVD prevention (including novel laboratory technologies to explore metabolic alterations and molecular studies of predisposition genes) and treatment (e.g., nutraceutical supplementations). Since the pivotal observation by Ancel Keys’s (almost 60 years ago), the link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nutrition has been increasingly recognized. Food and nutraceuticals behave similarly, and efforts are being made to set up healthy balanced diets to prevent oxidative stress and, in turn, CVD. To single out appropriate targets to prevent and treat CVD by combining newer pharmacological and nutritional approaches, the most advanced research information in the area should be gathered and related/translated to practical (clinical and pathophysiological) questions. This is the aim of the present Special Issue.

Dr. Alessandro Di Minno
Dr Benedetta Porro
Dr. Felice Amato
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • nutrition
  • nutraceutical
  • oxidative stress
  • atherosclerotic prevention
  • functional studies
  • cell and animal models

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Molecular Analysis of Prothrombotic Gene Variants in Venous Thrombosis: A Potential Role for Sex and Thrombotic Localization
by Gustavo Cernera, Alessandro Di Minno, Felice Amato, Ausilia Elce, Renato Liguori, Dario Bruzzese, Antonella Miriam Di Lullo, Giuseppe Castaldo, Federica Zarrilli and Marika Comegna
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(4), 1008; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm9041008 - 02 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1990
Abstract
Background: Requests to test for thrombophilia in the clinical context are often not evidence-based. Aim: To define the role of a series of prothrombotic gene variants in a large population of patients with different venous thromboembolic diseases. Methods: We studied Factor V [...] Read more.
Background: Requests to test for thrombophilia in the clinical context are often not evidence-based. Aim: To define the role of a series of prothrombotic gene variants in a large population of patients with different venous thromboembolic diseases. Methods: We studied Factor V Leiden (FVL), FVR2, FII G20210A, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, beta-fibrinogen -455 G>A, FXIII V34L, and HPA-1 L33P variants and PAI-1 4G/5G alleles in 343 male and female patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 164 with pulmonary embolism (PE), 126 with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), 118 with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), 75 with cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and 119 with retinal vein thrombosis (RVT), and compared them with the corresponding variants and alleles in 430 subjects from the general population. Results: About 40% of patients with DVT, PE and SVT had at least one prothrombotic gene variant, such as FVL, FVR2 and FII G20210A, and a statistically significant association with the event was found in males with a history of PE. In patients with a history of PVT or CVT, the FII G20210A variant was more frequent, particularly in females. In contrast, a poor association was found between RVT and prothrombotic risk factors, confirming that local vascular factors have a key role in this thrombotic event. Conclusions: Only FVL, FVR2 and FII G20210A are related to vein thrombotic disease. Other gene variants, often requested for testing in the clinical context, do not differ significantly between cases and controls. Evidence of a sex difference for some variants, once confirmed in larger populations, may help to promote sex-specific prevention of such diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease: Towards Innovative Pharmacological and Nutritional Approaches)
16 pages, 960 KiB  
Article
Impact of Grape Products on Lipid Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
by Roberta Lupoli, Paola Ciciola, Giuseppina Costabile, Rosalba Giacco, Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno and Brunella Capaldo
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(2), 313; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm9020313 - 22 Jan 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence shows that grape polyphenols can improve cardiovascular risk factors. Although there are clear data supporting a beneficial effect of grape supplementation on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, the effects of grape polyphenols on lipid metabolism are still controversial. Objective [...] Read more.
Background: Growing evidence shows that grape polyphenols can improve cardiovascular risk factors. Although there are clear data supporting a beneficial effect of grape supplementation on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, the effects of grape polyphenols on lipid metabolism are still controversial. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of grape products on lipid profile. Design: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases without any language or publication year restriction. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually reviewed. RCTs evaluating the impact of grape products/juice/extracts on lipid profile were included. Difference in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A, apo B before and after administration of grape products or placebo were expressed as mean differences (MD) with pertinent 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The impact of clinical and demographic features on effect size was assessed by meta-regression. Results: The administration of grape products is associated with a significant improvement of lipid profile, as evidenced by changes in TC (MD: −7.6 mg/dL (−0.2 mmol/L); 95% CI: −10.8, −4.4; p < 0.001), HDL-C (MD: 1.4 mg/dL (0.04 mmol/L); 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9; p < 0.001, I2 = 74.7%, p < 0.001), LDL-C (−6.3 mg/dL (−0.16 mmol/L); 95% CI: −9.5, −3.0; p < 0.001), oxLDL-C (MD: −4.5 U/L; 95% CI: −7.5, −1.5; p = 0.003, I2 = 90.6%, p < 0.001), apo B (MD: −2.4 mg/dL (−0.05 µmol/L); 95% CI: −4.5, −0.3; p = 0.026), and TG (MD: −14.5 mg/dL (−0.16 mmol/L); 95% CI: −17.7, −11.2; p < 0.001) levels in subjects receiving grape products compared to placebo. With regard to the extent of the lipid-lowering effect, compared to baseline values, the highest reduction was reported for LDL-C (MD: −5.6 mg/dL (−0.14 mmol/L); 95% CI: −9.5, −1.7; p = 0.005) and for oxLDL-C (MD: −5.0 U/L; 95% CI: −8.8, −1.2; p = 0.010, I2 = 0%, p = 0.470). Conclusions: Grape polyphenols exert a favorable effect on lipid profile in humans by significantly reducing plasma levels of LDL-C and oxLDL-C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease: Towards Innovative Pharmacological and Nutritional Approaches)
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Review

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17 pages, 1517 KiB  
Review
Nasal Nitric Oxide in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Pasquale Ambrosino, Antonio Molino, Giorgio Alfredo Spedicato, Paolo Parrella, Roberto Formisano, Andrea Motta, Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno and Mauro Maniscalco
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(1), 200; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm9010200 - 11 Jan 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3215
Abstract
Background and Aims: There has been a recent growing interest in the role of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) as a biomarker for osteomeatal complex obstruction in paranasal sinus diseases. By using meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed the literature to establish the possible link between [...] Read more.
Background and Aims: There has been a recent growing interest in the role of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) as a biomarker for osteomeatal complex obstruction in paranasal sinus diseases. By using meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed the literature to establish the possible link between nNO concentration and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP). Methods: We systematically searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for related studies. Differences between controls and cases were reported as standardized mean difference (SMD), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using the random-effects method. Results: We selected 23 articles for the final analysis: 15 with data on 461 CRSwNP patients and 384 healthy controls, 10 with data on 183 CRSsNP patients and 260 controls, and 14 studies on 372 CRSwNP and 297 CRSsNP patients. CRSwNP patients showed significantly lower nNO values when compared to both healthy controls (SMD: −1.495; 95% CI: −2.135, −0.854; p < 0.0001) and CRSsNP patients (SMD: −1.448; 95% CI: −2.046, −0.850; p < 0.0001). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the results, which were further refined by regression models. They showed that an increasing aspiration flow is related to a greater difference in nNO levels between cases and control subjects. We also documented lower nNO levels in CRSsNP patients with respect to controls (SMD: −0.696; 95% CI: −1.189, −0.202; p = 0.006), being this result no longer significant when excluding patients in therapy with intranasal corticosteroids. As shown by regression models, the increased Lund–Mackay score indicates a high effect size. Conclusions: nNO levels are significantly lower in CRSwNP, especially when using higher aspiration flows. Additional studies are needed to define one single standardized method and normal reference values for nNO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease: Towards Innovative Pharmacological and Nutritional Approaches)
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