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Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers
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Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 9258

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nariyoshi Shinomiya

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
Interests: apoptosis; carcinogenesis; molecular oncology; signal transduction; MET; HGF/SF
Dr. Hironori Tsujimoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
Interests: surgery; gastric cancer; gastrectomy; esophagectomy; esophageal cancer; surgical procedures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stressful conditions and infectious complications after surgery compromise the host’s immune status, which often induces the recurrence of tumors and raises the metastatic rate. Recent anti-cancer therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has enabled effective utilization of immune cells to stimulate an anti-tumor effect and keep the patients in a good condition, thereby leading to the improvement of cancer prognosis. Host immune status after surgery is also affected by several other frailty factors such as aging, nutritious condition, and underlying diseases. We are planning to host a Special Issue titled "Host immune status and proliferation of cancers" in which the following topics will be taken up with relation to cancer proliferation/progression or deterioration of host cancer-bearing conditions:

  1. Infectious complications and cancer prognosis
  2. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer therapy
  3. Frailty and cancer prognosis
  4. Any stress conditions related to cancer proliferation/progression

All contributors are welcome to submit a paper to the Journal of Clinical Medicine. Please notify us in advance if you want to submit a paper, either original or review, by the end of April 2021. The deadline for paper submission is October 31, 2021.

Prof. Dr. Nariyoshi Shinomiya
Dr. Hironori Tsujimoto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cancer prognosis
  • Tumor metastasis
  • Infectious complications
  • Host immune status
  • Frailty
  • Stress conditions
  • Cancer therapy
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • Nutritional status
  • Sarcopenia

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1251 KiB  
Article
Preoperative Fall Risk Assessment Score as a Prognostic Factor in Esophageal Cancer Patients after Esophagectomy
by Keita Kouzu, Hironori Tsujimoto, Yusuke Ishibashi, Hanae Shinada, Isawo Oikawa, Yoji Kishi, Nariyoshi Shinomiya and Hideki Ueno
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(24), 5966; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10245966 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2206
Abstract
The current study investigated the impact of preoperative fall risk assessment score (FRAS) on long-term prognoses in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). A total of 161 patients with EC who underwent curative surgery were classified into a high-risk (95, 41.0%) and low-risk (66, [...] Read more.
The current study investigated the impact of preoperative fall risk assessment score (FRAS) on long-term prognoses in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). A total of 161 patients with EC who underwent curative surgery were classified into a high-risk (95, 41.0%) and low-risk (66, 41.0%) groups according to their FRAS. This study investigated the relationships between the FRAS and clinicopathological findings and prognoses. Accordingly, patients in the high-risk group were significantly older and had a significantly higher Charlson comorbidity index than those in the low-risk group. No significant difference was found in pathological findings between both groups. The high-risk group had significantly lower overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates than the low-risk group (p = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified high FRAS as an independent prognostic factor for poor OS, with a hazard ratio of 1.75 (p = 0.033). Moreover, re-analysis of the data after excluding age as a category showed that the high-risk group had significantly worse OS (p = 0.004) and RFS (p = 0.003) than the low-risk group. The FRAS can, therefore, be considered a useful method for assessing frailty and a potential prognostic factor for EC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers)
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Review

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13 pages, 1456 KiB  
Review
Frailty and Colorectal Surgery: Review and Concept of Cancer Frailty
by Hiromichi Maeda, Michiko Takahashi, Satoru Seo and Kazuhiro Hanazaki
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5041; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm12155041 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1056
Abstract
Frailty is characterized by reduced physiological reserves across multiple systems. In patients with frailty, oncological surgery has been associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and worse overall survival. Further, given that cancer and frailty can co-exist in the same patient, cancer [...] Read more.
Frailty is characterized by reduced physiological reserves across multiple systems. In patients with frailty, oncological surgery has been associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and worse overall survival. Further, given that cancer and frailty can co-exist in the same patient, cancer and cancer-related symptoms can rapidly accelerate the progression of baseline frailty, which we have termed “cancer frailty”. This distinction is clinically meaningful because the prioritization of interventions and the treatment outcomes may differ based on health conditions. Specifically, in patients with cancer frailty, improvements in frailty may be achieved via surgical removal of tumors, while prehabilitation may be less effective, which may in turn result in delayed treatment and cancer progression. In this review, we focused on challenges in the surgical treatment of non-metastatic colorectal cancers in patients with frailty, including those related to decision making, prehabilitation, and surgery. Potential recommendations for treating patients with cancer frailty are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers)
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10 pages, 844 KiB  
Review
Antitumor Immunity Exerted by Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells in the Liver
by Hiroyuki Nakashima and Manabu Kinoshita
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 866; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm12030866 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
The liver plays crucial roles in systemic immunity and greatly contributes to the systemic defense mechanism. Antitumor immunity in the liver is especially critical for the defense against systemic tumor cell dissemination. To achieve effective defense against metastatic tumor cells, liver immune cells [...] Read more.
The liver plays crucial roles in systemic immunity and greatly contributes to the systemic defense mechanism. Antitumor immunity in the liver is especially critical for the defense against systemic tumor cell dissemination. To achieve effective defense against metastatic tumor cells, liver immune cells with powerful cytotoxic activities construct a potent defense mechanism. In the liver, as compared with other organs, there is a significantly more intense percentage of innate immune lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. These characteristic lymphocytes survey the portal blood transferred to the liver from the alimentary tract and eliminate malignant cells with their robust cytotoxic ability. Additionally, with their active cytokine-producing capacity, these innate lymphocytes initiate immunological sequences by adaptive immune cells. Therefore, they are crucial contributors to systemic antitumor immunity. These attractive immune cells help conduct a fundamental investigation of tumor immunity and act as a target of clinical measures for cancer therapies. This review discusses the mechanisms of these innate lymphocytes regarding recognition and cytotoxicity against tumor cells and the possibility of clinical applications for therapeutic measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers)
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15 pages, 332 KiB  
Review
Clinical Relevance of Myopenia and Myosteatosis in Colorectal Cancer
by Yoshinaga Okugawa, Takahito Kitajima, Akira Yamamoto, Tadanobu Shimura, Mikio Kawamura, Takumi Fujiwara, Ikuyo Mochiki, Yoshiki Okita, Masahiro Tsujiura, Takeshi Yokoe, Masaki Ohi and Yuji Toiyama
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2617; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11092617 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2024
Abstract
Sarcopenia was initially described as a decrease in muscle mass associated with aging and subsequently also as a consequence of underlying disease, including advanced malignancy. Accumulating evidence shows that sarcopenia has clinically significant effects in patients with malignancy, including an increased risk of [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia was initially described as a decrease in muscle mass associated with aging and subsequently also as a consequence of underlying disease, including advanced malignancy. Accumulating evidence shows that sarcopenia has clinically significant effects in patients with malignancy, including an increased risk of adverse events associated with medical treatment, postoperative complications, and a poor survival outcome. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and several lines of evidence suggest that preoperative sarcopenia negatively impacts various outcomes in patients with CRC. In this review, we summarize the current evidence in this field and the clinical relevance of sarcopenia in patients with CRC from three standpoints, namely, the adverse effects of medical treatment, postoperative infectious complications, and oncological outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers)
8 pages, 441 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Infectious Complications after Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer on Cancer Prognosis and Treatment Strategy
by Eisuke Booka, Hirotoshi Kikuchi, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu and Hiroya Takeuchi
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(19), 4614; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10194614 - 08 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
Despite advances in the perioperative management of esophagectomy, it is still a highly invasive procedure for esophageal cancer and is associated with severe postoperative complications. The two major postoperative infectious complications after esophagectomy are pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage. We previously reported that [...] Read more.
Despite advances in the perioperative management of esophagectomy, it is still a highly invasive procedure for esophageal cancer and is associated with severe postoperative complications. The two major postoperative infectious complications after esophagectomy are pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage. We previously reported that postoperative infectious complications after esophagectomy adversely affect long-term survival significantly in a single institution and meta-analysis. Additionally, we reviewed the mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokines, such as C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) and its cognate receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), in contributing to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, we previously reported that introducing minimally invasive esophagectomy, including robot assistance, laparoscopic gastric mobilization, and multidisciplinary team management, significantly reduced postoperative infectious complications after esophagectomy. Further, this review also suggests future treatment strategies for esophageal cancer, considering the adverse effect of postoperative infectious complications after esophagectomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Immune Status and Proliferation of Cancers)
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