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Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials
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Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis of Biomaterials via Advanced Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 July 2024 | Viewed by 7362

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiemin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: 2D materials; MOFs; hierarchically porous materials; nanocomposites; blood purification
Dr. Cancan Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
Interests: micro/nano structure; bioceramic; hydrogel; 3D printing; tissue repair and regeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The introduction of porosity into biomaterials creates exceptional functions for biomedical applications in toxin adsorption, drug loading and delivery, biosensing and mechanical compressibility to artificial organs, etc. With the development of synthetic methods and fabrication techniques, porous biomaterials are not limited to natural products. Instead, the scope is further broadened from micro nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silicon nanospheres and metal–organic frameworks, to macro tissue scaffolds, including aerogels, hydrogels and textiles. Additionally, due to the progress in manufacturing technology, now, the precise control of pore geometry (size, shape, distribution and porosity) and their unique physical and chemical properties is becoming possible. Therefore, this enables matchup for specific porous biomaterials’ design and targeted biomedical applications, which is significant when addressing difficult miscellaneous diseases.

Hence, in this Special Issue, research papers and review articles focusing on the design of advanced porous biomaterials and related cutting-edge manufacturing methods will be prioritized. Authors are encouraged to employ various methods such as wet-chemistry, templating, electro-spinning and 3D/4D printing, etc., to rationally fabricate porous architectures for biomaterials or biomedical applications. In addition, we will also accept articles that address the concept of biomimetic porous materials with particular biological functions and performances.

Dr. Jiemin Wang
Dr. Cancan Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porous biomaterials
  • bio-based porous materials
  • biomimetic porous materials
  • porous bioadsorbents
  • porous nanoparticles
  • tissue scaffolds

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4228 KiB  
Article
Aligned Collagen Sponges with Tunable Pore Size for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Regeneration
by Natalie G. Kozan, Sean Caswell, Milan Patel and Jonathan M. Grasman
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(11), 533; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jfb14110533 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic injury where at least 20% of the mass of a skeletal muscle has been destroyed and functionality is lost. The standard treatment for VML, autologous tissue transfer, is limited as approximately 1 in 10 grafts fail [...] Read more.
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic injury where at least 20% of the mass of a skeletal muscle has been destroyed and functionality is lost. The standard treatment for VML, autologous tissue transfer, is limited as approximately 1 in 10 grafts fail because of necrosis or infection. Tissue engineering strategies seek to develop scaffolds that can regenerate injured muscles and restore functionality. Many of these scaffolds, however, are limited in their ability to restore muscle functionality because of an inability to promote the alignment of regenerating myofibers. For aligned myofibers to form on a scaffold, myoblasts infiltrate the scaffold and receive topographical cues to direct targeted myofiber growth. We seek to determine the optimal pore size for myoblast infiltration and differentiation. We developed a method of tuning the pore size within collagen scaffolds while inducing longitudinal alignment of these pores. Significantly different pore sizes were generated by adjusting the freezing rate of the scaffolds. Scaffolds frozen at −20 °C contained the largest pores. These scaffolds promoted the greatest level of cell infiltration and orientation in the direction of pore alignment. Further research will be conducted to induce higher levels of myofiber formation, to ultimately create an off-the-shelf treatment for VML injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials)
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23 pages, 22636 KiB  
Article
Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) and Its 3D-Printed Quantitate Assessment in Cranial Reconstruction
by Khaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Sherif Mohammed Elseufy, Hisham Alkhalefah, Sundar Ramalingam and Abdul Sayeed
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(8), 429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jfb14080429 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1572
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, medical imaging, and implant design have all advanced significantly in recent years, and these developments may change how modern craniomaxillofacial surgeons use patient data to create tailored treatments. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is often seen as an attractive option over metal biomaterials [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, medical imaging, and implant design have all advanced significantly in recent years, and these developments may change how modern craniomaxillofacial surgeons use patient data to create tailored treatments. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is often seen as an attractive option over metal biomaterials in medical uses, but a solid PEEK implant often leads to poor osseointegration and clinical failure. Therefore, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the quantitative assessment of a custom porous PEEK implant for cranial reconstruction and to evaluate its fitting accuracy. The research proposes an efficient process for designing, fabricating, simulating, and inspecting a customized porous PEEK implant. In this study, a CT scan is utilized in conjunction with a mirrored reconstruction technique to produce a skull implant. In order to foster cell proliferation, the implant is modified into a porous structure. The implant’s strength and stability are examined using finite element analysis. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is utilized to fabricate the porous PEEK implants, and 3D scanning is used to test its fitting accuracy. The results of the biomechanical analysis indicate that the highest stress observed was approximately 61.92 MPa, which is comparatively low when compared with the yield strength and tensile strength of the material. The implant fitting analysis demonstrates that the implant’s variance from the normal skull is less than 0.4436 mm, which is rather low given the delicate anatomy of the area. The results of the study demonstrate the implant’s endurance while also increasing the patient’s cosmetic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 2305 KiB  
Article
Self-Sanitizing Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane with Ag Nanoparticles
by Elizaveta S. Permyakova, Anton Manakhov, Philipp V. Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, Anton S. Konopatsky, Yulia A. Makarets, Kristina Yu. Kotyakova, Svetlana Yu. Filippovich, Sergey G. Ignatov, Anastasiya O. Solovieva and Dmitry V. Shtansky
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jfb14070336 - 25 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1084
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop an environment-friendly and scalable method for the production of self-sanitizing electrospun nanofibers. This was achieved by immobilizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto plasma-treated surfaces of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. The plasma deposited polymer layer containing [...] Read more.
The objective of this research was to develop an environment-friendly and scalable method for the production of self-sanitizing electrospun nanofibers. This was achieved by immobilizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto plasma-treated surfaces of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. The plasma deposited polymer layer containing carboxyl groups played a critical role in providing a uniform distribution of Ag NPs on the nanofiber surface. Ag ions were absorbed by electrostatic interaction and then reduced under the action of UV-light. The concentration and release of Ag ions were analyzed using the EDXS/XPS and ICP AES methods, respectively. Although high levels of Ag ions were detected after 3 h of immersion in water, the material retained a sufficient amount of silver nanoparticles on the surface (~2.3 vs. 3.5 at.% as determined by XPS), and the release rate subsequently decreased over the next 69 h. The antipathogenic properties of PCL-Ag were tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and biofilm formation. The results showed that the PCL-Ag nanofibers exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including those that cause human infections. The incorporation of Ag NPs into PCL nanofibers resulted in a self-sanitizing material that can be used in variety of applications, including wound dressings, water treatment, and air filtration. The development of a simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly method for the fabrication of these nanofibers is essential to ensure their widespread use in various industries. The ability to control the concentration and release rate of Ag ions in the PCL nanofibers will be critical to optimize their efficacy while minimizing their potential toxicity to human cells and the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials)
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18 pages, 5544 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Porous Iron Foams for Biodegradable Implants: Structural Analysis and In Vitro Assessment
by Gabriela Gąsior, Marlena Grodzicka, Tomasz Jędrzejewski, Marek Wiśniewski and Aleksandra Radtke
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 293; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jfb14060293 - 24 May 2023
Viewed by 958
Abstract
Biodegradable metal systems are the future of modern implantology. This publication describes the preparation of porous iron-based materials using a simple, affordable replica method on a polymeric template. We obtained two iron-based materials with different pore sizes for potential application in cardiac surgery [...] Read more.
Biodegradable metal systems are the future of modern implantology. This publication describes the preparation of porous iron-based materials using a simple, affordable replica method on a polymeric template. We obtained two iron-based materials with different pore sizes for potential application in cardiac surgery implants. The materials were compared in terms of their corrosion rate (using immersion and electrochemical methods) and their cytotoxic activity (indirect test on three cell lines: mouse L929 fibroblasts, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAMSC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)). Our research proved that the material being too porous might have a toxic effect on cell lines due to rapid corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 5557 KiB  
Article
Porous Biocoatings Based on Diatomite with Incorporated ZrO2 Particles for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants
by Mariya B. Sedelnikova, Alexander D. Kashin, Pavel V. Uvarkin, Alexey I. Tolmachev, Yurii P. Sharkeev, Anna V. Ugodchikova, Nikita A. Luginin and Olga V. Bakina
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jfb14050241 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 962
Abstract
In the present work, the surface of a biodegradable Mg alloy was modified to create porous diatomite biocoatings using the method of micro-arc oxidation. The coatings were applied at process voltages in the range of 350–500 V. We have studied the influence of [...] Read more.
In the present work, the surface of a biodegradable Mg alloy was modified to create porous diatomite biocoatings using the method of micro-arc oxidation. The coatings were applied at process voltages in the range of 350–500 V. We have studied the influence of the addition of ZrO2 microparticles on the structure and properties of diatomite-based protective coatings for Mg implants. The structure and properties of the resulting coatings were examined using a number of research methods. It was found that the coatings have a porous structure and contain ZrO2 particles. The coatings were mostly characterized by pores less than 1 μm in size. However, as the voltage of the MAO process increases, the number of larger pores (5–10 μm in size) also increases. However, the porosity of the coatings varied insignificantly and amounted to 5 ± 1%. It has been revealed that the incorporation of ZrO2 particles substantially affects the properties of diatomite-based coatings. The adhesive strength of the coatings has increased by approximately 30%, and the corrosion resistance has increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the coatings without zirconia particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Synthesis and Medical Application of Porous Biomaterials)
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