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Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry
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Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 14308

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antoine Grémare

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UMR 5805 "Environnements et Paleoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 2 Rue du Pr Jolyet, F33120 Arcachon, France
Interests: benthic ecology; benthic biogeochemistry; biodiversity; sediment profiling; image analysis; bioturbation; animal behavior; coastal oceanography
Dr. Guillaume Bernard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, Pessac, France
Interests: benthic ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Benthic organisms play a key role in modulating the biogeochemical reactions taking place at the sediment–water interface and in the upper sediment column of the seafloor. Benthic biogeochemical patterns and processes are highly heterogeneous in both time and space. They are underpinned by complex interactions between environmental forcing, benthic habitat structures, species, and functional compositions of biological communities and by resulting biological processes. The invited Special Issue will publish high-quality papers aiming at assessing the effects (from the micro- to the ecosystem scale) of spatial and temporal changes in benthic biological community structures and activities on key sedimentary biogeochemical processes. Developments and utilizations of innovative techniques will be especially encouraged.

The aim is to publish the most exciting research with respect to the above subjects and to provide a rapid turn-around time regarding reviewing and publishing, and to disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching, and reference purposes.

Prof. Dr. Antoine Grémare
Dr. Guillaume Bernard
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Interactions between benthic biology and biogeochemistry
  • Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
  • Sedimentary biogeochemical processes
  • Ecosystem engineering
  • Global change and anthropogenic effects
  • Species and functional changes in benthic biological communities
  • Integration scales (time and space)
  • Benthic biological activities and behavior
  • Innovative technological developments

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 3100 KiB  
Article
A General-Purpose Biotic Index to Measure Changes in Benthic Habitat Quality across Several Pressure Gradients
by Céline Labrune, Olivier Gauthier, Anxo Conde, Jacques Grall, Mats Blomqvist, Guillaume Bernard, Régis Gallon, Jennifer Dannheim, Gert Van Hoey and Antoine Grémare
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 654; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9060654 - 13 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2752
Abstract
Realistic assessments of the ecological status of benthic habitats, as requested by European directives such as the Water Framework Directive and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, require biotic indices capable of detecting anthropogenic impact without having preliminary knowledge of the occurring pressures. [...] Read more.
Realistic assessments of the ecological status of benthic habitats, as requested by European directives such as the Water Framework Directive and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, require biotic indices capable of detecting anthropogenic impact without having preliminary knowledge of the occurring pressures. In this context, a new general-purpose biotic index (GPBI) based on the deviation of benthic macrofauna community composition and structure from a valid reference (i.e., good ecological status) is proposed. GPBI is based on the assumption that as a site becomes impacted by a pressure, the most sensitive species are the first to disappear, and that stronger impacts lead to more important losses. Thus, it explicitly uses the within-species loss of individuals in the tested station in comparison to one or several reference stations as the basis of ecological status assessment. In this study, GPBI is successfully used in four case studies considering the impact of diversified pressures on benthic fauna: (1) maerl extraction in the northern Bay of Biscay, (2–3) dredging and trawling in the North Sea, and (4) hypoxic events at the seafloor in the Gullmarfjord. Our results show that GPBI was able to efficiently detect the impact of the different physical disturbances as well as that of hypoxia and that it performs better than commonly used pressure-specific indices (M-AMBI and TDI). Signal detection theory was used to propose a sound good/moderate ecological quality status boundary, and recommendations for future monitoring are also provided based on the reported performance of GPBI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry)
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32 pages, 13897 KiB  
Article
Spatial Distributions of Surface Sedimentary Organics and Sediment Profile Image Characteristics in a High-Energy Temperate Marine RiOMar: The West Gironde Mud Patch
by Bastien Lamarque, Bruno Deflandre, Adriana Galindo Dalto, Sabine Schmidt, Alicia Romero-Ramirez, Frédéric Garabetian, Nicolas Dubosq, Mélanie Diaz, Florent Grasso, Aldo Sottolichio, Guillaume Bernard, Hervé Gillet, Marie-Ange Cordier, Dominique Poirier, Pascal Lebleu, Hervé Derriennic, Martin Danilo, Márcio Murilo Barboza Tenório and Antoine Grémare
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 242; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9030242 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3055
Abstract
The spatial distributions of (1) surface sediment characteristics (D0.5, Sediment Surface Area (SSA), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Amino Acids (THAA, EHAA), δ13C) and (2) sediment [...] Read more.
The spatial distributions of (1) surface sediment characteristics (D0.5, Sediment Surface Area (SSA), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Amino Acids (THAA, EHAA), δ13C) and (2) sediment profile image (apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD), numbers and depths of biological traces) characteristics were quantified based on the sampling of 32 stations located within the West Gironde Mud Patch (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic) in view of (1) assessing the spatial structuration of a temperate river-dominated ocean margin located in a high-energy area, (2) disentangling the impacts of hydrodynamics and bottom trawling on this structuration, and (3) comparing the West Gironde Mud Patch with the Rhône River Prodelta (located in a low-energy area). Results support the subdivision of the West Gironde Mud Patch in a proximal and a distal part and show (1) the existence of depth gradients in surface sedimentary organics characteristics and bioturbation within the distal part; (2) no evidence for a significant effect of bottom trawling, as opposed to Bottom Shear Stress, on the West Gironde Mud Patch spatial structuration; and (3) major discrepancies between spatial structuration in the West Gironde Mud Patch and the Rhône River Prodelta, which were attributed to differences in tidal regimes, sedimentation processes, and local hydrodynamics, which is in agreement with current river-dominated ocean margin typologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry)
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18 pages, 2357 KiB  
Article
An Invasive Mussel (Arcuatula senhousia, Benson 1842) Interacts with Resident Biota in Controlling Benthic Ecosystem Functioning
by Guillaume Bernard, Laura Kauppi, Nicolas Lavesque, Aurélie Ciutat, Antoine Grémare, Cécile Massé and Olivier Maire
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(12), 963; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8120963 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2710
Abstract
The invasive mussel Arcuatula senhousia has successfully colonized shallow soft sediments worldwide. This filter feeding mussel modifies sedimentary habitats while forming dense populations and efficiently contributes to nutrient cycling. In the present study, the density of A. senhousia was manipulated in intact sediment [...] Read more.
The invasive mussel Arcuatula senhousia has successfully colonized shallow soft sediments worldwide. This filter feeding mussel modifies sedimentary habitats while forming dense populations and efficiently contributes to nutrient cycling. In the present study, the density of A. senhousia was manipulated in intact sediment cores taken within an intertidal Zostera noltei seagrass meadow in Arcachon Bay (French Atlantic coast), where the species currently occurs at levels corresponding to an early invasion stage. It aimed at testing the effects of a future invasion on (1) bioturbation (bioirrigation and sediment mixing) as well as on (2) total benthic solute fluxes across the sediment–water interface. Results showed that increasing densities of A. senhousia clearly enhanced phosphate and ammonium effluxes, but conversely did not significantly affect community bioturbation rates, highlighting the ability of A. senhousia to control nutrient cycling through strong excretion rates with potential important consequences for nutrient cycling and benthic–pelagic coupling at a broader scale. However, it appears that the variability in the different measured solute fluxes were underpinned by different interactions between the manipulated density of A. senhousia and several faunal and/or environmental drivers, therefore underlining the complexity of anticipating the effects of an invasion process on ecosystem functioning within a realistic context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry)
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35 pages, 3832 KiB  
Article
Water Column Turbidity Not Sediment Nutrient Enrichment Moderates Microphytobenthic Primary Production
by Stephanie Mangan, Andrew M. Lohrer, Simon F. Thrush and Conrad A. Pilditch
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 732; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8100732 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2866
Abstract
Soft sediment intertidal habitats are under intense anthropogenic pressure resulting from increased land derived sediment and nutrient delivery. Long term, this can cause high water column turbidity and nutrient enrichment of sediment porewaters, which has cascading effects on coastal ecosystem functionality. However, how [...] Read more.
Soft sediment intertidal habitats are under intense anthropogenic pressure resulting from increased land derived sediment and nutrient delivery. Long term, this can cause high water column turbidity and nutrient enrichment of sediment porewaters, which has cascading effects on coastal ecosystem functionality. However, how these stressors may interact and influence benthic productivity over alternating periods of submergence and emergence is largely unknown. This study investigates the effects of sediment nutrient enrichment (at three levels for 20 months) on benthic primary production at six sites in four New Zealand estuaries that spanned a gradient in water column turbidity. While nutrient enrichment had no detectable effect on microphytobenthic primary production, water column turbidity had a significant influence, explaining up to 40% of variability during tidal submergence, followed by temperature and sediment characteristics. In addition, negative net primary production (NPP) estimates and therefore net heterotrophy for the most turbid estuaries during tidal submergence resulted in an increased reliance on production during emerged periods, where NPP was positive across all sites. This study highlights the prominent role of water column turbidity over nutrient enrichment in moderating microphytobenthic production, and the increasing importance of emerged periods to maintain the health and functioning of coastal habitats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry)
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19 pages, 5760 KiB  
Article
Object-Based Modeling of Marine Phytoplankton and Seaweeds
by Elena Vasechkina
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(9), 685; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8090685 - 04 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
The aim of this work is to simulate the dissolved oxygen deficiency in the coastal zone that sometimes occurs during the summer water stagnation. We consider the main components of the marine ecosystem that play a major role in such processes—concentrations of nitrogen, [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is to simulate the dissolved oxygen deficiency in the coastal zone that sometimes occurs during the summer water stagnation. We consider the main components of the marine ecosystem that play a major role in such processes—concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur compounds in water, dissolved and particular organic matter, oxygen, biomass of phytoplankton and macroalgae. We use the object-based modeling technique to simulate the spatio-temporal variability of the ecosystem in a 2D domain. In comparison with the traditional approach, it gives several advantages: more precise parametrizations of the biological components’ functionality; higher spatial resolution; possibility to account for the individual variability of hydrobionts; easy inclusion of an arbitrary number of species in the model. Our model included three species of phytoplankton and seven macroalgae. Individual-based modules control their functionality. Species of phytoplankton and seaweeds chosen for simulations are typical for the coastal zone of Crimea. In the simulations, we study the contribution of micro- and macroalgae to the processes of self-purification of a semi-enclosed basin in case of a sharp increase in nutrient concentration in water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benthic Biology and Biogeochemistry)
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