Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Editorial

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3 pages, 176 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels

by Ermina Begovic and Simone Mancini

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 222; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9020222 - 19 Feb 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2386

Abstract

Stability has always been the main safety issue for all marine vessels, and static stability evaluation is adequate for ship service [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

Research

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32 pages, 18234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Comparative Seakeeping Analysis of the Full Scale KCS by Several Hydrodynamic Approaches

by Florin Pacuraru, Leonard Domnisoru and Sandita Pacuraru

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(12), 962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8120962 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3589

Abstract

The main transport channel of the global economy is represented by shipping. Engineers and hull designers are more preoccupied in ensuring fleet safety, the proper operation of the ships, and, more recently, compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulatory incentives. Considerable efforts have [...] Read more.

The main transport channel of the global economy is represented by shipping. Engineers and hull designers are more preoccupied in ensuring fleet safety, the proper operation of the ships, and, more recently, compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulatory incentives. Considerable efforts have been devoted to in-depth understanding of the hydrodynamics mechanism and prediction of ship behavior in waves. Prediction of seakeeping performances with a certain degree of accuracy is a demanding task for naval architects and researchers. In this paper, a fully numerical approach of the seakeeping performance of a KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, South Korea) container ship (KCS) container vessel is presented. Several hydrodynamic methods have been employed in order to obtain accurate results of ship hydrodynamic response in regular waves. First, an in-house code DYN (Dynamic Ship Analysis, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania), based on linear strip theory (ST) was used. Then, a 3D fully nonlinear time-domain Boundary Element Method (BEM) was implemented, using the commercial code SHIPFLOW (FLOWTECH International AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). Finally, the commercial software NUMECA (NUMECA International, Brussels, Belgium) was used in order to solve the incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation (RANSE) flow at ship motions in head waves. The results obtained using these methods are represented and discussed, in order to establish a methodology for estimating the ship response in regular waves with accurate results and the sensitivity of hydrodynamical models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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21 pages, 3656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of Container Ship Characteristics on Added Resistance in Waves

by Ivana Martić, Nastia Degiuli, Andrea Farkas and Ivan Gospić

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(9), 696; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8090696 - 09 Sep 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3048

Abstract

Added resistance in waves is one of the main causes of an increase in required power when a ship operates in actual service conditions. The assessment of added resistance in waves is important from both an economic and environmental point of view, owing [...] Read more.

Added resistance in waves is one of the main causes of an increase in required power when a ship operates in actual service conditions. The assessment of added resistance in waves is important from both an economic and environmental point of view, owing to increasingly stringent rules set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with the aim to reduce CO₂ emission by ships. For that reason, it is desirable to evaluate the added resistance in waves already in the preliminary ship design stage both in regular and irregular waves. Ships are traditionally designed and optimized with respect to calm water conditions. Within this research, the effect of prismatic coefficient, longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy, trim, pitch radius of gyration, and ship speed on added resistance is investigated for the KCS (Kriso Container Ship) container ship in regular head waves and for different sea states. The calculations are performed using the 3D panel method based on Kelvin type Green function. The results for short waves are corrected to adequately take into account the diffraction component. The obtained results provide an insight into the effect of variation of ship characteristics on added resistance in waves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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13 pages, 22831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Theoretical Study on the Hydrodynamics of a Zero-Pressurized Air-Cushion-Assisted Barge Platform

by Fengmei Jing, Li Xu, Zhiqun Guo and Hengxu Liu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(9), 664; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8090664 - 27 Aug 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2191

Abstract

Thebarge platform has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, and reliable hydrodynamic performance. In order to further improve the hydrodynamics of the barge platform and to reduce its motion response in waves, a zero-pressurized air cushion is incorporated into the platform in [...] Read more.

Thebarge platform has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, and reliable hydrodynamic performance. In order to further improve the hydrodynamics of the barge platform and to reduce its motion response in waves, a zero-pressurized air cushion is incorporated into the platform in this paper. The pressure of the zero-pressurized air cushion is equal to atmospheric pressure and thus does not provide buoyancy to the platform. As compared to the conventional pressurized air cushion, the zero-pressurized one has advantages of less air leakage risk. However, due to the coupling effect on the interface between water and air cushion, the influence of the gas inside the air cushion on the performance of the floating body has become a difficult problem. Based on the boundary element method, the motion response of the zero-pressurized air-cushion-assisted barge platform under regular and irregular waves is calculated and analyzed in the paper. Compared with the barge platform without air cushion, numerical results from the theoretical method show that in regular waves, the air cushion could significantly reduce the amplitude of heave and pitch (roll) response of the round barge platform in the vicinity of resonance. In irregular waves, the air cushion also observably reduces the pitch (roll) motion, though amplifies the heave motion due to the transfer of heave resonance frequency. Thetheoretical study demonstrates that the zero-pressurized air cushion can reduce the seakeeping motion of barge platforms in high sea states, but might also bring negative effects to heave motion in low sea states. One should carefully design the air cushion for barge platforms according to the operating sea states to achieve satisfactory hydrodynamic performance in engineering application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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10 pages, 1746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seakeeping Performance of a New Coastal Patrol Ship for the Croatian Navy

by Andrija Ljulj and Vedran Slapničar

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(7), 518; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8070518 - 15 Jul 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3557

Abstract

This paper presents seakeeping test results for a coastal patrol ship (CPS) in the Croatian Navy (CN). The full-scale tests were conducted on a CPS prototype that was accepted by the CN. The seakeeping numerical prediction and model tests were done during preliminary [...] Read more.

This paper presents seakeeping test results for a coastal patrol ship (CPS) in the Croatian Navy (CN). The full-scale tests were conducted on a CPS prototype that was accepted by the CN. The seakeeping numerical prediction and model tests were done during preliminary project design. However, these results are not fully comparable with the prototype tests since the ship was lengthened in the last phases of the project. Key numerical calculations are presented. The CPS project aims to renew a part of the Croatian Coast Guard with five ships. After successful prototype acceptance trials, the Croatian Ministry of Defence (MoD) will continue building the first ship in the series in early 2020. Full-scale prototype seakeeping test results could be valuable in the design of similar CPS projects. The main aim of this paper is to publish parts of the sea trial results related to the seakeeping performance of the CPS. Coast guards around the world have numerous challenges related to peacetime tasks such as preventing human and drug trafficking, fighting terrorism, controlling immigration, and protecting the marine environmental. They must have reliable platforms with good seakeeping characteristics that are important for overall ship operations. The scientific purpose of this paper is to contribute to the design process of similar CPS projects in terms of the development of seakeeping requirements and their level of fulfillment on an actual ship. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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20 pages, 2714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

IMO Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria: General Overview and Focus on Operational Measures

by Nicola Petacco and Paola Gualeni

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(7), 494; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8070494 - 05 Jul 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6311

Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, after a long and demanding process, the Second Generation Intact Stability criteria (SGISc) have been finalized at the 7th session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) sub-committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC). At present, SGISc are not [...] Read more.

At the beginning of 2020, after a long and demanding process, the Second Generation Intact Stability criteria (SGISc) have been finalized at the 7th session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) sub-committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC). At present, SGISc are not mandatory, nevertheless IMO endorses their application in order to assess their consistency and validity. It is envisaged that SGISc can support the design of safer ships, nevertheless such a rules framework might have an impact also on the ship operational aspects in a seaway. In fact, within the SGISc framework, Operational Measures have also been implemented providing guidance and limitations during navigation. After a comprehensive overview about SGISc vulnerability levels and direct stability assessment, this paper provides a specific insight into the methodological approach for the Operational Measures extensively addressed as a complementary action to ship design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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19 pages, 12636 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Vertical Motions Prediction in Irregular Waves Using a Time Domain Approach for Hard Chine Displacement Hull

by Ermina Begovic, Carlo Bertorello, Ferdi Cakici, Emre Kahramanoglu and Barbara Rinauro

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 337; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8050337 - 09 May 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3221

Abstract

In this paper, the validation of the hybrid frequency–time domain method for the assessment of hard chine displacement hull from vertical motions is presented. Excitation and hydrodynamic coefficients in regular waves are obtained from the 3D panel method by Hydrostar^® software, while [...] Read more.

In this paper, the validation of the hybrid frequency–time domain method for the assessment of hard chine displacement hull from vertical motions is presented. Excitation and hydrodynamic coefficients in regular waves are obtained from the 3D panel method by Hydrostar^® software, while coupled heave and pitch motions are calculated in the time domain by applying the Cummins equations. Experiments using a 1:15 scale model of a “low-drag” small craft are performed in irregular head and following waves at Froude numbers Fr: 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 at University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Results obtained by hybrid frequency–time domain simulations for heave, pitch, and vertical accelerations at center of gravity and bow are compared with experimental data and showed high accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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16 pages, 8113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a New Ship Adaptive Weather Routing Model Based on Seakeeping Analysis and Optimization

by Silvia Pennino, Salvatore Gaglione, Anna Innac, Vincenzo Piscopo and Antonio Scamardella

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(4), 270; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8040270 - 10 Apr 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4035

Abstract

This paper provides a new adaptive weather routing model, based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm, aiming to select the optimal route that maximizes the ship performances in a seaway. The model is based on a set of ship motion-limiting criteria and on [...] Read more.

This paper provides a new adaptive weather routing model, based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm, aiming to select the optimal route that maximizes the ship performances in a seaway. The model is based on a set of ship motion-limiting criteria and on the weather forecast maps, providing the sea state conditions the ship is expected to encounter along the scheduled route. The new adaptive weather routing model is applied to optimize the scheduled route in the Northern Atlantic Ocean of the S175 containership, assumed as a reference vessel, based on the weather forecast data provided by the Global WAve Model (GWAM). In the analysis, both wave and combined wind/swell wave conditions are embodied to investigate the incidence on the optimum route assessment. Furthermore, the effect of the vessel speed on the optimum route detection is also investigated. Current results clearly show that it is possible to achieve appreciable improvements, up to 50% of the ship seakeeping performances, without excessively increasing the route length and the voyage duration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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18 pages, 3506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on Hydrodynamics of Ships with Forward Speed Based on Nonlinear Steady Wave

by Tianlong Mei, Maxim Candries, Evert Lataire and Zaojian Zou

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(2), 106; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8020106 - 10 Feb 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2418

Abstract

In this paper, an improved potential flow model is proposed for the hydrodynamic analysis of ships advancing in waves. A desingularized Rankine panel method, which has been improved with the added effect of nonlinear steady wave-making (NSWM) flow in frequency domain, is employed [...] Read more.

In this paper, an improved potential flow model is proposed for the hydrodynamic analysis of ships advancing in waves. A desingularized Rankine panel method, which has been improved with the added effect of nonlinear steady wave-making (NSWM) flow in frequency domain, is employed for 3D diffraction and radiation problems. Non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) are used to describe the body and free surfaces. The NSWM potential is computed by linear superposition of the first-order and second-order steady wave-making potentials which are determined by solving the corresponding boundary value problems (BVPs). The so-called m_j terms in the body boundary condition of the radiation problem are evaluated with nonlinear steady flow. The free surface boundary conditions in the diffraction and radiation problems are also derived by considering nonlinear steady flow. To verify the improved model and the numerical method adopted in the present study, the nonlinear wave-making problem of a submerged moving sphere is first studied, and the computed results are compared with the analytical results of linear steady flow. Subsequently, the diffraction and radiation problems of a submerged moving sphere and a modified Wigley hull are solved. The numerical results of the wave exciting forces, added masses, and damping coefficients are compared with those obtained by using Neumann–Kelvin (NK) flow and double-body (DB) flow. A comparison of the results indicates that the improved model using the NSWM flow can generally give results in better agreement with the test data and other published results than those by using NK and DB flows, especially for the hydrodynamic coefficients in relatively low frequency ranges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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18 pages, 5206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Damage Openings on Ship Hydrodynamics by the Overset Mesh Technique

by Xinlong Zhang, Zhuang Lin, Simone Mancini, Ping Li, Dengke Liu, Fei Liu and Zhanwei Pang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(1), 11; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8010011 - 23 Dec 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4147

Abstract

Damage stability is difficult to assess due to the complex hydrodynamic phenomena regarding interactions between fluid and structures. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the flooding progression and motion responses is important for improving ship safety. In this paper, numerical simulations are performed on [...] Read more.

Damage stability is difficult to assess due to the complex hydrodynamic phenomena regarding interactions between fluid and structures. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the flooding progression and motion responses is important for improving ship safety. In this paper, numerical simulations are performed on the damaged DTMB 5415 ship at zero speed. All calculation are carried out using CD Adapco Star CCM + software, investigating the effect of damage openings on ship hydrodynamics, including the side damage and the bottom damage. The computational domain is modelled by the overset mesh and solved using the unsteady Reynold-average Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver. An implicit solver is used to find the field of all hydrodynamics unknown quantities, in conjunction with an iterative solver to solve each time step. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is applied to visualize the flooding process and capture the complex hydrodynamics behaviors. The simulation results indicated that two damage locations produce the characteristic flooding processes, and the motion responses corresponding to the hydrodynamic behaviors are different. Through comparative analysis, due to the difference between the horizontal impact on the longitudinal bulkhead and the vertical impact on the bottom plate, the bottom damage scenario always has a larger heel angle than the side damage scenario in the same period. However, the pitch motions are basically consistent. Generally, the visualization of the flooding process is efficient to explain the causes of the motion responses. Also, when the damage occurs, regardless of the bottom damage or the side damage, the excessive heel angle due to asymmetric flooding is often a threat to ship survivability with respect to the pitch angle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels)

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