Research

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15 pages, 6929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Insights into Alpine Cortinariaceae (Basidiomycota): Three New Species, Two Type Revisions, and a New Record for the Alpine Zone

by Jean-Michel Bellanger, François Armada, Alessandro Fellin and Pierre-Arthur Moreau

J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 942; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9090942 - 18 Sep 2023

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Abstract

Thirty-one alpine species of Cortinarius (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) were described from the alpine zone of the Alps during the second half of the XX century, by the Swiss mycologist Jules Favre, and by the French mycologists Denise Lamoure and Marcel Bon. Notoriously difficult to [...] Read more.

Thirty-one alpine species of Cortinarius (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) were described from the alpine zone of the Alps during the second half of the XX century, by the Swiss mycologist Jules Favre, and by the French mycologists Denise Lamoure and Marcel Bon. Notoriously difficult to identify by macro- and microscopical characters, most of these species, which belong to subgen. Telamonia, have been thoroughly revised in global publications based on type sequencing. Recent surveys in the alpine areas of France (Savoie) and Italy (Lombardy), as well as the sequencing of D. Lamoure’s collections, identified three new species that are here described and illustrated: C. dryadophilus in sect. Castanei, C. infidus in sect. Verni, and C. saniosopygmaeus in sect. Saniosi. The holotypes of C. caesionigrellus Lamoure and C. paleifer var. brachyspermus Lamoure could be sequenced. A recent collection of the former is described and illustrated here for the first time, and based on available data, the latter name is recombined as Cortinarius flexipes var. brachyspermus comb. nov. Lastly, C. argenteolilacinus var. dovrensis is reported from the alpine zone for the first time and a new combination, Thaxterogaster dovrensis comb. & stat. nov. is introduced in the present work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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55 pages, 20327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Holarctic Species in the Pluteus podospileus Clade: Description of Six New Species and Reassessment of Old Names

by Hana Ševčíková, Ekaterina F. Malysheva, Vladimír Antonín, Jan Borovička, Francesco Dovana, Giuliano Ferisin, Guillaume Eyssartier, Django Grootmyers, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob Kalichman, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Renée Lebeuf, Guillermo Muñoz González, Andrew M. Minnis, Stephen D. Russell, Irja Saar, Ida Broman Nielsen, Tobias Guldberg Frøslev and Alfredo Justo

J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 898; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9090898 - 31 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2089

Abstract

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus podospileus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of P. inflatus var. alneus, Pluteus minutissimus f. major, and P. granulatus var. tenellus. Within [...] Read more.

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus podospileus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of P. inflatus var. alneus, Pluteus minutissimus f. major, and P. granulatus var. tenellus. Within the P. podospileus complex, we phylogenetically confirmed six species in Europe, five in Asia, and eight in North America. Based on our results, we recognize P. seticeps as a separate species occurring in North America, while P. podospileus is limited to Eurasia. We describe six new species and a new variety: P. absconditus, P. fuscodiscus, P. gausapatus, P. inexpectatus, P. millsii, and P. notabilis and its variety, P. notabilis var. insignis. We elevate Pluteus seticeps var. cystidiosus to species rank as Pluteus cystidiosus. Based on the holotype of P. inflatus var. alneus, collections of P. inflatus identified by Velenovský, and several modern collections, we resurrect the name P. inflatus. Based on molecular analyses of syntypes of Pluteus minutissimus f. major and a holotype of Pluteus granulatus var. tenellus, we synonymize them under P. inflatus. We also increase our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of P. cutefractus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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15 pages, 3604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does One Size Fit All? Variations in the DNA Barcode Gaps of Macrofungal Genera

by Andrew W. Wilson, Ursula Eberhardt, Nhu Nguyen, Chance R. Noffsinger, Rachel A. Swenie, Justin L. Loucks, Brian A. Perry, Mariana Herrera, Todd W. Osmundson, Sarah DeLong-Duhon, Henry J. Beker and Gregory M. Mueller

J. Fungi 2023, 9(8), 788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9080788 - 26 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1449

Abstract

The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The DNA barcode gap is seen as the difference between [...] Read more.

The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The DNA barcode gap is seen as the difference between intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances in a DNA barcode. The current understanding of the barcode gap in macrofungi is limited, inhibiting the development of best practices in applying the nrITS region toward research on fungal diversity. This study examined the barcode gap using 5146 sequences representing 717 species of macrofungi from eleven genera, eight orders and two phyla in datasets assembled by taxonomic experts. Intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances were measured from sequence and phylogenetic data. The results demonstrate that barcode gaps are influenced by differences in intra- and inter-specific variance in pairwise distances. In terms of DNA barcode behavior, variance is greater in the ITS1 than ITS2, and variance is greater in both relative to the combined nrITS region. Due to the difference in variance, the barcode gaps in the ITS2 region are greater than in the ITS1. Additionally, the taxonomic approach of “splitting” taxa into numerous taxonomic units produces greater barcode gaps when compared to “lumping”. The results show variability in the barcode gaps between fungal taxa, demonstrating a need to understand the accuracy of DNA barcoding in quantifying species richness. For taxonomic studies, variability in nrITS sequence data supports the application of multiple molecular markers to corroborate the taxonomic and systematic delineation of species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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23 pages, 10452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Species of Entoloma Subgenera Cubospora and Leptonia (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Central Vietnam

by Olga Morozova and Thi Ha Giang Pham

J. Fungi 2023, 9(6), 621; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9060621 - 27 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1864

Abstract

Four new species of Entoloma from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and Ta Dung National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam and are described here on the base of the molecular and morphological data. [...] Read more.

Four new species of Entoloma from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and Ta Dung National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam and are described here on the base of the molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU and tef1α regions. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Entoloma cycneum and E. peristerinum belong to the subgenus Cubospora. They are morphologically similar species and are characterized by white or whitish basidiomata with yellowish or beige tinges and with mainly smooth, glabrous, and hygrophanous pileus, longitudinally fibrillose or fibrillose-scaly white stipe, cuboid spores, and more or less cylindrical cheilocystidia, arising from hymenophoral trama. Entoloma peristerinum posseses initially more coloured beige conical pileus, discolouring to white with age and drying. The pileus of E. cycneum is initially white, hemisphaerical to convex, usually with thin pubescence near the margin. The species can be recognized also by the cheilocystidia form: serrulatum-type in E. cycneum vs. porphyrogriseum-type in E. peristerinum. Another two species belong to the subgenus Leptonia. Entoloma tadungense is close to E. percoelestinum from which it differs by smaller spores with pronounced angles, presence of the cheilocystidia, and the lilac discolouration of the stipe. E. dichroides is named after its similarity to E. dichroum, a dark blue coloured species with pronouncedly angled basidiospores. It is distinguished by the basidiospores form—irregularly 5(–6) angled with elongated apiculus, as well as by absence of the cheilocystidia and darker basidiomata with conical pileus. The article also describes the history of the study of the genus Entoloma in Vietnam with a list of 29 species mentioned in the publications for this country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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29 pages, 8634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Observations on Pluteaceae in Vietnam: Four New Species and New Records of Pluteus

by Ekaterina Malysheva, Eugene Popov, Olga Morozova, Vasily Dudka, Thi Ha Giang Pham and Vera Malysheva

J. Fungi 2023, 9(5), 584; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9050584 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1704

Abstract

Eighteen specimens of Pluteus collected from the tropical forests of Vietnam were studied using morphological and molecular approaches. Pluteus podospilloides, P. semibulbosus, P. chrysaegis and P. septocystidiatus are registered as additional or new records for Vietnam. Four species (P. conformis [...] Read more.

Eighteen specimens of Pluteus collected from the tropical forests of Vietnam were studied using morphological and molecular approaches. Pluteus podospilloides, P. semibulbosus, P. chrysaegis and P. septocystidiatus are registered as additional or new records for Vietnam. Four species (P. conformis, P. lucidus, P. subroseus, and P. ornatus) are proposed as new to science, and several other collections (Pluteus sp. 1, P. aff. septocystidiatus, P. aff. pauperculus and P. cf. velutinus) are given an inconclusive taxonomic status for now. The taxonomic positions of all specimens were confirmed using DNA data (nrITS and tef1). Descriptions of the macro- and microscopic features of the studied collections with a discussion of similar taxa are given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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27 pages, 31267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seven New Species of the Genus Geastrum (Geastrales, Geastraceae) in China

by Xin Wang and Tolgor Bau

J. Fungi 2023, 9(2), 251; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9020251 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2528

Abstract

Geastrum belongs to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Geastrales, and Geastraceae. The genus Geastrum exoperidium normally splits at maturity into a characteristic star-like structure. It is a saprophytic fungus with great research significance. Based on morphological observation combined with phylogenetic analysis through ITS and LSU, seven [...] Read more.

Geastrum belongs to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Geastrales, and Geastraceae. The genus Geastrum exoperidium normally splits at maturity into a characteristic star-like structure. It is a saprophytic fungus with great research significance. Based on morphological observation combined with phylogenetic analysis through ITS and LSU, seven new species of Geastrum belong to four sections, viz., Sect. Myceliostroma, Geastrum laneum; Sect. Exareolata, Geastrum litchi, Geastrum mongolicum; Sect. Corollina, Geastrum pseudosaccatum, Geastrum melanorhynchum, Geastrum oxysepalum; and Sect. Campestria, Geastrum microphole. Illustrated descriptions and the ecological habits of the novel species are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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34 pages, 4253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Updated Phylogenetic Assessment and Taxonomic Revision of Perenniporia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)

by Xing Ji, Yi-Fei Sun, Dong-Mei Wu, Neng Gao and Bao-Kai Cui

J. Fungi 2023, 9(2), 173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9020173 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2118

Abstract

Perenniporia is an important genus of Polyporaceae. In its common acceptation, however, the genus is polyphyletic. In this study, phylogenetic analyses on a set of Perenniporia species and related genera were carried out using DNA sequences of multiple loci, including the internal transcribed [...] Read more.

Perenniporia is an important genus of Polyporaceae. In its common acceptation, however, the genus is polyphyletic. In this study, phylogenetic analyses on a set of Perenniporia species and related genera were carried out using DNA sequences of multiple loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) and the b-tubulin gene (TBB1). Based on morphology and phylogeny, 15 new genera, viz., Aurantioporia, Citrinoporia, Cystidioporia, Dendroporia, Luteoperenniporia, Macroporia, Macrosporia, Minoporus, Neoporia, Niveoporia, Rhizoperenniporia, Tropicoporia, Truncatoporia, Vanderbyliella, and Xanthoperenniporia, are proposed; 2 new species, Luteoperenniporia australiensis and Niveoporia subrusseimarginata, are described; and 37 new combinations are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Identification keys to Perenniporia and its related genera and keys to the species of these genera are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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Review

Jump to: Research

17 pages, 8953 KiB

Open AccessReview

Armillaria altimontana in North America: Biology and Ecology

by Mee-Sook Kim, John W. Hanna, Geral I. McDonald and Ned B. Klopfenstein

J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 904; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof9090904 - 04 Sep 2023

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Abstract

Armillaria altimontana is a fungus (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, and Physalacriaceae) that is generally considered as a weak/opportunistic pathogen or saprophyte on many tree hosts. It widely occurs across the northwestern USA to southern British Columbia, Canada, but relatively little is known about its [...] Read more.

Armillaria altimontana is a fungus (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, and Physalacriaceae) that is generally considered as a weak/opportunistic pathogen or saprophyte on many tree hosts. It widely occurs across the northwestern USA to southern British Columbia, Canada, but relatively little is known about its ecological role in the diverse forest ecosystems where it occurs. This review summarizes the biology and ecology of A. altimontana, including its identification, life cycle, distribution, host associations, and bioclimatic models under climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromycetes of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation)

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