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Life
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Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
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Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 May 2023) | Viewed by 8234

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Albino Carrizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: blood vessels; cerebrovascular disorders; cardiovascular disorders; endothelial function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valeria Visco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: heart failure; arterial hypertension; telemonitoring; cardiovascular diseases; echocardiography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carmine Izzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease; internal medicine; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease represents a serious and important burden worldwide. The constant increase of patients at high cardiovascular risk demands a direct approach to the physiopathology of these disease. The increasing clinical knowledge must be accompanied by an enhanced knowledge in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Harnessing pathophysiological mechanisms in cardiovascular disease will allow for improved antioxidant strategies. The search for new biomarkers and therapeutical approaches against oxidative stress has failed to give useful practical implications.

With this in mind, we invite investigators to contribute with original research and review articles addressing the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Research updates on cardiovascular disease, management and therapy are also welcome.

Improving patient’s outcome can only derive from knowledge and research in the cardiovascular system.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Identification of novel molecules involved in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases
  • Novel potential therapeutic approach to reduce oxidative stress and vascular injury
  • Discovery of novel pharmacological approaches to fight cardiovascular disease
  • Identification of novel molecules and compounds able to contribute to the reduction of vascular dysfunction
  • New frontiers in cardiovascular disease, management and theraphy

Dr. Albino Carrizzo
Dr. Valeria Visco
Dr. Carmine Izzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • oxidative stress
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • update

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 756 KiB  
Communication
Sacubitril/Valsartan vs. Standard Medical Therapy on Exercise Capacity in HFrEF Patients
by Alfonso Campanile, Valeria Visco, Stefania De Carlo, Germano Junior Ferruzzi, Costantino Mancusi, Carmine Izzo, Felice Mongiello, Paola Di Pietro, Nicola Virtuoso, Amelia Ravera, Domenico Bonadies, Carmine Vecchione and Michele Ciccarelli
Life 2023, 13(5), 1174; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life13051174 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) reduces mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared to enalapril. However, its effects on functional capacity remain uncertain; consequently, we sought to compare Sac/Val vs. standard medical therapy, in terms of effects on prognostically significant CPET [...] Read more.
Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) reduces mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared to enalapril. However, its effects on functional capacity remain uncertain; consequently, we sought to compare Sac/Val vs. standard medical therapy, in terms of effects on prognostically significant CPET parameters, in HFrEF patients during a long follow-up period. We conducted a single-center, observational study in an HF clinic; specifically, we retrospectively identified that 12 patients switched to Sac/Val and 13 patients that managed with standard, optimal medical therapy (control group). At each visit, baseline, and follow-up (median time: 16 months; IQ range: 11.5–22), we collected demographic information, medical history, vital signs, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, standard laboratory data, pharmacological treatment information, and echocardiographic parameters. The study’s primary end-point was the change from baseline in peak VO2 (adjusted to body weight). We did not observe significant differences between the two study groups at baseline. Similarly, we did not observe any significant differences during the follow-up in mean values of peak VO2 corrected for body weight: Sac/Val baseline: 12.2 ± 4.6 and FU: 12.7 ± 3.3 vs. control group: 13.1 ± 4.2 and 13.0 ± 4.2 mL/kg/min; p = 0.49. No significant treatment differences were observed for changes in VE/VCO2 slope: Sac/Val baseline: 35.4 ± 7.4 and FU: 37.2 ± 13.1 vs. control group: 34.6 ± 9.1 and 34.0 ± 7.3; p = 0.49. In conclusion, after a median follow-up period of 16 months, there was no significant benefit of Sac/Val on peak VO2 and other measures of CPET compared with standard optimal therapy in patients with HFrEF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease)
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13 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Molecular Hydrogen on Functional States of Erythrocytes in Rats with Simulated Chronic Heart Failure
by Anna Vyacheslavovna Deryugina, Darya Andreevna Danilova, Vladimir Viktorovich Pichugin and Yurii Dmitrievich Brichkin
Life 2023, 13(2), 418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life13020418 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effect, which is associated with its antioxidant properties. Erythrocytes are subjected to oxidative stress in pathologies of the cardiovascular system, which is the cause of a violation of the gas transport function of blood and microcirculation. [...] Read more.
Molecular hydrogen has an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effect, which is associated with its antioxidant properties. Erythrocytes are subjected to oxidative stress in pathologies of the cardiovascular system, which is the cause of a violation of the gas transport function of blood and microcirculation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of H2 inhalation on the functional states of red blood cells (RBCs) in chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats. The markers of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPM), aggregation, levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), hematological parameters were estimated in RBCs. An increase in EPM and a decrease in the level of aggregation were observed in groups with multiple and single H2 application. The orientation of lipoperoxidation processes in erythrocytes was combined with the dynamics of changes in oxidative processes in blood plasma, it was observed with both single and multiple exposures, although the severity of the changes was greater with multiple H2 inhalations. Probably, the antioxidant effects of molecular hydrogen mediate its metabolic action. Based on these data, we conclude the use of H2 improves microcirculation and oxygen transport function of blood and can be effective in the treatment of CHF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease)
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12 pages, 1304 KiB  
Article
Metformin Acutely Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Human Atrial Tissue: A Pilot Study in Overweight Non-Diabetic Cardiac Patients
by Ana Lascu, Loredana-Nicoleta Ionică, Adrian-Petru Merce, Maria-Daniela Dănilă, Lucian Petrescu, Adrian Sturza, Danina-Mirela Muntean and Caius Glad Streian
Life 2022, 12(12), 2058; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life12122058 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus, elicits cardiovascular protection also in obese patients via pleiotropic effects, among which the anti-oxidant is one of the most investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether metformin can acutely mitigate [...] Read more.
Metformin, the first-line drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus, elicits cardiovascular protection also in obese patients via pleiotropic effects, among which the anti-oxidant is one of the most investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether metformin can acutely mitigate oxidative stress in atrial tissue harvested from overweight non-diabetic patients. Right atrial appendage samples were harvested during open-heart surgery and used for the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by means of confocal microscopy (superoxide anion) and spectrophotometry (hydrogen peroxide). Experiments were performed after acute incubation with metformin (10 µM) in the presence vs. absence of angiotensin II (AII, 100 nM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL), and high glucose (Gluc, 400 mg/dL). Stimulation with AII, LPS, and high Gluc increased ROS production. The magnitude of oxidative stress correlated with several echocardiographic parameters. Metformin applied in the lowest therapeutic concentration (10 µM) was able to decrease ROS generation in stimulated but also non-stimulated atrial samples. In conclusion, in a pilot group of overweight non-diabetic cardiac patients, acute incubation with metformin at a clinically relevant dose alleviated oxidative stress both in basal conditions and conditions that mimicked the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, acute inflammation, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

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19 pages, 917 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress Management in Cardiorenal Diseases: Focus on Novel Antidiabetic Agents, Finerenone, and Melatonin
by Panagiotis Theofilis, Aikaterini Vordoni and Rigas G. Kalaitzidis
Life 2022, 12(10), 1663; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life12101663 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species together with exhausted antioxidant defenses. This constitutes a main pathophysiologic process that is implicated in cardiovascular and renal diseases. In particular, enhanced oxidative stress may lead to low-density lipoprotein accumulation and oxidation, [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species together with exhausted antioxidant defenses. This constitutes a main pathophysiologic process that is implicated in cardiovascular and renal diseases. In particular, enhanced oxidative stress may lead to low-density lipoprotein accumulation and oxidation, endothelial cell activation, adhesion molecule overexpression, macrophage activation, and foam cell formation, promoting the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The deleterious kidney effects of oxidative stress are numerous, including podocytopathy, mesangial enlargement, renal hypertrophy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis. The prominent role of oxidative mechanisms in cardiorenal diseases may be counteracted by recently developed pharmacotherapies such as novel antidiabetic agents and finerenone. These agents have demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, the use of melatonin as a treatment in this field has been experimentally investigated, with large-scale clinical studies being awaited. Finally, clinical implications and future directions in this field are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Updates on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease)
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