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Lubricants
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Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear
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Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10605

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sebastian Suarez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
Interests: advanced materials characterization; mechanical and tribological behavior of composite materials; electrical behavior of C-reinforced composites; nano C-based protective coatings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Philipp Grützmacher

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tribology Research Division, Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
Interests: tribology; surface engineering; 2D materials; solid lubricants; materials tribology; laser surface texturing; lubricant migration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andreas Rosenkranz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Interests: MXenes; nanocomposites; tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last couple of decades, carbon nano-materials have been the subject of extensive research in the most diverse fields due to their particular set of material characteristics. The combination of outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties coupled with their wide availability and low environmental impact has rendered them as potential candidates for applications in the fields of energy management, transportation, and consumer electronics, among others. Apart from that, many of their allotropic forms have been proposed as effective solid lubricants due to their great mechanical endurance, chemical inertness, and light weight.

This Special Issue aims at reporting the latest developments in the field of carbon nano-materials used as lubricants. The range of carbon nano-materials includes carbon black, graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, nanodiamonds, amorphous carbon and diamond-like carbon (DLC). These materials can be applied either as protective coatings, as lubricant additives, or as reinforcing phases in self-lubricating systems to improve the resulting friction and wear performance. Additionally, advanced characterization allowing for a thorough understanding of the acting mechanisms responsible for reduction in friction and wear are highly welcome in this Special Issue. Numerical and analytical work based on alternative approaches and a cross-correlation to experimental findings also fall into the scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Sebastian Suarez
Dr. Philipp Grützmacher
Prof. Dr. Andreas Rosenkranz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon nanomaterials
  • Coatings
  • Composite materials
  • Solid lubrication
  • Fluid lubrication
  • Modelling

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3072 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Rheological Properties and Tribological Performance of SAE 5w-30 Base Oil with Added MWCNTs
by Bahaa M. Kamel, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, Mohamed S. Shiba, Ahmed Mobasher, Hassan Abu Hashish and Sameh Dabees
Lubricants 2021, 9(9), 94; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants9090094 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2443
Abstract
The augmentation of lubricant oil properties is key to protecting engines, bearings, and machine parts from damage due to friction and wear and minimizing energy lost in countering friction. The tribological and rheological properties of the lubricants are of utmost importance to prevent [...] Read more.
The augmentation of lubricant oil properties is key to protecting engines, bearings, and machine parts from damage due to friction and wear and minimizing energy lost in countering friction. The tribological and rheological properties of the lubricants are of utmost importance to prevent wear under unembellished conditions. The marginal addition of particulate and filamentous nanofillers enhances these properties, making the lubricant oil stable under severe operating conditions. This research explores the improvement in SAE 5w-30 base oil performance after the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in six marginal compositions, namely, Base, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 weight percentage. The effect of the addition of MWCNTs on flash and pour points, thermal conductivity, kinematic viscosity, friction coefficients, and wear are investigated and reported. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the MWCNTs. The purity, crystallinity, size, shape, and orientation of the MWCNTs are confirmed by XRD and TEM characterization. Pour points and flash points increase by adding MWCNTs but inconsistency is observed after the 0.06 wt.% composition. The thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity increase significantly and consistently. The friction coefficient and wear scar diameter reduce to 0.06 wt.% MWCNTs and then the trend is reversed due to agglomeration and inhomogeneity. A composition of 0.06 wt.% is identified as the optimum considering all the investigated properties. This composition ensures the stability of the tribo-film and hydrodynamic lubrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear)
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16 pages, 67327 KiB  
Article
Tungsten Disulfide Inorganic Nanotubes Functionalized by PTFE for Friction Application
by Tzuriel Levin, Yifat Harel, Jean-Paul Lellouche, Alexey Moshkovich, Igor Lapsker, Alex Laikhtman and Lev Rapoport
Lubricants 2021, 9(8), 78; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants9080078 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2565
Abstract
Inorganic nanotubes (INTs) and fullerene-like nanoparticles (NPs) of WS2/MoS2 penetrate and exfoliate at the contact interface and facilitate tribofilm formation. While the tribological properties are greatly improved by exfoliated NPs that shed easily, they may be diminished by agglomeration in [...] Read more.
Inorganic nanotubes (INTs) and fullerene-like nanoparticles (NPs) of WS2/MoS2 penetrate and exfoliate at the contact interface and facilitate tribofilm formation. While the tribological properties are greatly improved by exfoliated NPs that shed easily, they may be diminished by agglomeration in oil. Therefore, surface functionalization is employed to improve dispersion in oil-based suspensions. Here, WS2 INTs were functionalized by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in a simple and cost-effective bath sonication method. WS2-INTs with two concentrations of added PTFE were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Superior distribution of WS2 was observed before and during friction experiments. Chemical analysis showed a significantly greater amount of PTFE-coated INTs on rubbed surfaces, in accordance with the improved friction and wear properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear)
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15 pages, 5974 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Behavior of Graphene and Ionic Liquid as Bio-Based Lubricant Additive
by Muhammad Harith Hasnul, Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli, Masjuki Hassan, Syahir Amzar Zulkifli, Mohd Nur Ashraf Mohd Yusoff and Muhammad Zulfattah Zakaria
Lubricants 2021, 9(5), 46; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants9050046 - 24 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2440
Abstract
The constant utilization of petroleum-based products has prompted concerns about the environment, hence a replacement for these products must be explored. Biolubricants are a suitable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants as they provide better lubricity. Biolubricant performance can be improved by the addition of [...] Read more.
The constant utilization of petroleum-based products has prompted concerns about the environment, hence a replacement for these products must be explored. Biolubricants are a suitable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants as they provide better lubricity. Biolubricant performance can be improved by the addition of graphene. However, there are reports that graphene is unable to form a stable suspension for a long period. This study used a graphene-ionic liquid additive combination to stabilize the dispersion in a biolubricant. Graphene and ionic liquid were dispersed into the biolubricant via a magnetic stirrer. The samples were tested using a high frequency reciprocating rig. The cast iron sample was then further observed using various techniques to determine the lubricating mechanism of the lubricant. Different dispersion stability of graphene was observed for different biolubricants, which can be improved with ionic liquids. All ionic liquid samples maintained an absorbance value of three for one month. The utilization of ionic liquid was also able to decrease the frictional performance by 33%. Further study showed that by using the ionic liquid alone, the frictional could only reduce the friction coefficient by 13% and graphene could only reduce the friction by 7%. A smooth worn surface scar can be seen on the graphene-IL sample compared to the prominent corrosive spot on the IL samples and abrasive scars on graphene samples. This indicates synergistic behavior between the two additives. It was found that the ionic liquid does not only improve the dispersion stability, but also plays a role in forming the tribolayer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear)
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16 pages, 8492 KiB  
Article
Tribological Evaluation of Turbostratic 2D Graphite as Oil Additive
by Halley Welther Jacques Dias, Alessandra Batista Medeiros, Cristiano Binder, João Batista Rodrigue Neto, Aloísio Nelmo Klein and José Daniel Biasoli de Mello
Lubricants 2021, 9(4), 43; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants9040043 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
In this study, powder technology was used to obtain Fe-SiC composites in which SiC particles act as precursors to generate a large amount of turbostratic graphite dispersed in the composite matrix. The selection of the alloy composition was studied employing Thermo-Calc® software [...] Read more.
In this study, powder technology was used to obtain Fe-SiC composites in which SiC particles act as precursors to generate a large amount of turbostratic graphite dispersed in the composite matrix. The selection of the alloy composition was studied employing Thermo-Calc® software to obtain the temperature and composition range for the stabilization of the graphite phase in iron with a high yield. The extracted turbostratic 2D graphite particles were dispersed in mineral oil in order to evaluate the potential of these particles as a lubricating oil additive. The structure and morphology of the extracted graphite were examined by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating the highly disordered nature of turbostratic graphite. Reductions in the friction coefficient and wear rate of a tribological pair were observed when compared to the pure mineral oil and mineral oil with commercial graphite particles added. The misorientation and increase in interplanar distances of turbostratic 2D graphite induce a low degree of interaction between these atomic planes, which contributes to the low-friction coefficient and the lower wear rate obtained for this system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nano-materials for Controlling Friction and Wear)
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