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Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials
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Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2024 | Viewed by 3402

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dennis Jones

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wood Science and Engineering Division, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Skellefteå, Sweden
Interests: wood modification; performance; composites; wood chemistry; wood durability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Graham Ormondroyd

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
Interests: biomaterials; timber; maechanics; decay
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood, as a renewable source of raw materials, has been used by humankind for centuries in many areas of life, from making simple toys to the production of high-tech products. In terms of sustainability and carbon sequestration during growth, wood can rightly be termed an "ecological material".  In the construction industry, the role of wood throughout the last millennium has been sequentially superseded by stone, bricks, iron, steel, and concrete. However, modern construction methods involving engineered wood products have spurred on a renaissance in the use of wood.

This Special Issue focuses on the advancements and applications of the surface modification of wood materials in various fields such as construction, furniture, packaging, biomedicine, energy, and environmental technologies.  The articles in this issue provide up-to-date information on various surface modification techniques such as chemical grafting, plasma treatment, electrospinning, and sol–gel coatings, among others. The papers included cover a wide range of topics, including improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of wood materials, the enhancement of water repellency and moisture resistance, wood preservation and decay resistance, and the modification of wood for energy and environmental applications.  The Special Issue also features articles on the biological and biomedical applications of modified wood, including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.   We hope that this Special Issue will provide valuable insights into the field of the surface modification of wood materials and offer new perspectives on the development and applications of renewable materials for sustainable development.

Dr. Dennis Jones
Prof. Dr. Graham Ormondroyd
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood treatment
  • wood protection
  • protection
  • durability

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4592 KiB  
Article
Differential Etching of Rays at Wood Surfaces Exposed to an Oxygen Glow Discharge Plasma
by Kenneth J. Cheng, Weicong Ma and Philip D. Evans
Materials 2024, 17(2), 521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17020521 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Basswood samples were exposed to oxygen glow-discharge plasmas for 30 min, and etching of radial and tangential longitudinal surfaces was measured. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between etching and plasma energy, and differential etching of wood surfaces because [...] Read more.
Basswood samples were exposed to oxygen glow-discharge plasmas for 30 min, and etching of radial and tangential longitudinal surfaces was measured. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between etching and plasma energy, and differential etching of wood surfaces because of variation in the microstructure and chemical composition of different woody tissues. Etching at the surface of basswood samples was examined using profilometry. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructure of samples exposed to plasma. There was a large effect of plasma energy on etching of basswood surfaces, and radial surfaces were etched to a greater extent than tangential surfaces. However, rays at radial surfaces were more resistant to etching than fibers, resulting in greater variation in the etching of radial versus tangential surfaces. The same phenomenon occurred at radial surfaces of balsa wood, jelutong and New Zealand white pine subjected to plasma etching. The possible reasons for the greater resistance of rays to plasma etching are explored, and it is suggested that such differential etching of wood surfaces may impose a limitation on the use of plasma to precisely etch functional patterns at wood surfaces (raised pillars, grooves), as has been done with other materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials)
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19 pages, 7813 KiB  
Article
Particleboards Bonded by an Imidazole-Based Adhesive System
by Alexander Scharf, Carmen-Mihaela Popescu, Henric Dernegård, Johan Oja, Graham Ormondroyd, Sergej Medved, Dick Sandberg and Dennis Jones
Materials 2023, 16(22), 7201; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16227201 - 17 Nov 2023
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Particleboards with different combinations of the adhesive material imidazole, citric acid, and sorbitol were produced. Softwood sawdust from a Swedish sawmill was mixed with an aqueous solution of the chemicals and then dried to 0% moisture content prior to pressing. The boards were [...] Read more.
Particleboards with different combinations of the adhesive material imidazole, citric acid, and sorbitol were produced. Softwood sawdust from a Swedish sawmill was mixed with an aqueous solution of the chemicals and then dried to 0% moisture content prior to pressing. The boards were pressed to a target density of 700 kg m−3 at either 200 °C or 220 °C for 10 min. The hygroscopic and mechanical properties of the boards were clearly better at 220 °C than 200 °C for all used chemical combinations. A combination of imidazole (14.4 wt%) and citric acid (11.3 wt%) led to the best results, where the thickness swelling after 24 h of water immersion was 6.3% and the internal bonding strength was 0.57 MPa. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were 3.3 MPa and 1.1 GPa, respectively. Cyclic accelerated weathering showed exceptional stability with a thickness change after boiling and drying of only 2.1% compared to the initial dry thickness. This study indicates that the presence of imidazole leads to greatly improved hygroscopic properties and good internal bonding strength when used in particleboards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials)
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10 pages, 3426 KiB  
Communication
Wood Esterification by Fatty Acids Using Trifluoroacetic Anhydride as an Impelling Agent and Its Application for the Synthesis of a New Bioplastic
by Prabu Satria Sejati, Firmin Obounou Akong, Frédéric Fradet and Philippe Gérardin
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6830; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16216830 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 715
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we investigated the reactivity of wood [...] Read more.
Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we investigated the reactivity of wood with various fatty acids of different chain lengths using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as the impelling agent in various reaction conditions. Generally, the esterification of fatty acids without solvents resulted in higher Weight Percentage Gain (WPG) and ester content than the reaction in the presence of CH2Cl2. The esterification reaction could be performed effectively at room temperature, though an increased reaction temperature provoked degradation of the esterified wood. WPG of 67% was obtained for the C3 and 253% for the C16 alkyl chain analogs, respectively. Nevertheless, the ester content was fairly uniform, with values between 10.60 and 11.81 mmol ester/gram of wood for all chain lengths. A higher quantity of reagent led to higher ester content, which tended to stabilize after a ratio of 1:4 wood and TFAA/FA. The esterification reaction was performed rapidly, with an ester content between 7.65 and 9.94 mmol ester/gram of wood being achieved only after 15 min of reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to confirm the drastic chemical changes of wood before and after esterification. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM), softening measurement by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and contact angle measurements demonstrated the possibility of esterified spruce wood being applied as a new bioplastic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials)
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13 pages, 2575 KiB  
Article
Dewatering of Juglans mandshurica Wood Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
by Jingting Zheng, Xi Zhu and Lin Yang
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16165521 - 08 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 763
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), known for such features as good solubility and mass transfer properties, can be an efficient drying medium for various materials, such as wood, by filling the pore space and dissolving water in the cell cavity without altering [...] Read more.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), known for such features as good solubility and mass transfer properties, can be an efficient drying medium for various materials, such as wood, by filling the pore space and dissolving water in the cell cavity without altering the microstructure. In this study, two specimens of Juglans mandshurica wood with a length of 30 mm and 140 mm were subjected to ScCO2 dewatering under four different pressure and temperature conditions. The results showed that the drying rate is mainly influenced by pressure and temperature, with pressure having the more significant effect. Moreover, the efficiency of dewatering was not dependent on the sample length under the same conditions. The moisture content (MC) was the same along the longitudinal direction throughout both the surfaces and core of the wood. While there were no significant differences in dewatering rate between tangential and radial directions and lengths of samples, significant MC gradient differences were noted along wood in radial and tangential directions. During ScCO2 dewatering, the dominant water transfer occurred from the middle towards the end surfaces along the wood’s longitudinal directions. Furthermore, ScCO2 dewatering did not result in any shrinkage or significant drying stress, but it did cause some swelling in Juglans mandshurica wood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Applications of Wood Materials)
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