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Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors
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Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 18356

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cristian E. Simion

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
Interests: semiconducting metal oxide-based gas sensors; gas–surface interactions; realistic modeling of the gas sensing mechanism; fundamental understanding of the functioning principles with chemoresistive gas sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, for various types of advanced materials, the physico–chemcal properties are not solely determined by their crystalline structure, but also by their size and shape.

It has been demonstrated that metal oxide-based nanomaterials exhibit new phenomena because of their comparative distances between the size and fundamental interaction path. In this respect, the associated gas sensing properties are significantly affected. Although there is a pool of publications related to the gas sensing applications of new advanced materials, a fundamental understanding of the way in which the morphology changes are mirrored in the sensing performances (sensitivity, selectivity, response/recovery transients, and stability) are still limited now.

Seen in perspective, a step forward highlighting the functionality features can be done by involving adapted investigation techniques in such a way as to provide realistic outcomes. Thus, the “trial-and-error-approach” can be left apart.

Accordingly, you are invited to submit contributions that are related to the following topics:

  • different tuning procedures of the gas sensing performance with advanced materials;
  • gaining insights into the way in which structural and morphological aspects of different materials have influence over their sensing behavior;
  • tailoring preparation strategies towards overcoming gas sensing drawbacks, such as a low selectivity and relative humidity influence;
  • newly merged materials and their associated sensing features.

Manuscripts from industry are also well welcomed.

Dr. Cristian E. Simion
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Semiconducting metal oxide (SMOX)-based gas sensors
  • Sensing and transduction principles with SMOX materials
  • Environmental sensors for monitoring and control
  • 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructured materials for gas sensing applications
  • Correlation of the structural and morphological properties with the gas sensing performances
  • Advanced materials and their gas sensing principles
  • New tailored materials for infield gas sensing applications

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 161 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors”
by Cristian E. Simion
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6765; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226765 - 10 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1075
Abstract
Today’s view on gas sensors end-users is more directed toward miniaturization, low power consumption, and intelligent device integration aiming to reply to several hot issues such as high sensitivity, optimum selectivity, fast response/recovery transients, and good long time stability [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 2733 KiB  
Article
Acetone Sensing and Catalytic Conversion by Pd-Loaded SnO2
by Pascal M. Gschwend, Florian M. Schenk, Alexander Gogos and Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Materials 2021, 14(20), 5921; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14205921 - 09 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Noble metal additives are widely used to improve the performance of metal oxide gas sensors, most prominently with palladium on tin oxide. Here, we photodeposit different quantities of Pd (0–3 mol%) onto nanostructured SnO2 and determine their effect on sensing acetone, a [...] Read more.
Noble metal additives are widely used to improve the performance of metal oxide gas sensors, most prominently with palladium on tin oxide. Here, we photodeposit different quantities of Pd (0–3 mol%) onto nanostructured SnO2 and determine their effect on sensing acetone, a critical tracer of lipolysis by breath analysis. We focus on understanding the effect of operating temperature on acetone sensing performance (sensitivity and response/recovery times) and its relationship to catalytic oxidation of acetone through a packed bed of such Pd-loaded SnO2. The addition of Pd can either boost or deteriorate the sensing performance, depending on its loading and operating temperature. The sensor performance is optimal at Pd loadings of less than 0.2 mol% and operating temperatures of 200–262.5 °C, where acetone conversion is around 50%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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16 pages, 43990 KiB  
Article
A Highly Sensitive Room Temperature CO2 Gas Sensor Based on SnO2-rGO Hybrid Composite
by Zhi Yan Lee, Huzein Fahmi bin Hawari, Gunawan Witjaksono bin Djaswadi and Kamarulzaman Kamarudin
Materials 2021, 14(3), 522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14030522 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4205
Abstract
A tin oxide (SnO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid composite gas sensor for high-performance carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection at room temperature was studied. Since it can be used independently from a heater, it emerges as a promising [...] Read more.
A tin oxide (SnO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid composite gas sensor for high-performance carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection at room temperature was studied. Since it can be used independently from a heater, it emerges as a promising candidate for reducing the complexity of device circuitry, packaging size, and fabrication cost; furthermore, it favors integration into portable devices with a low energy density battery. In this study, SnO2-rGO was prepared via an in-situ chemical reduction route. Dedicated material characterization techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted. The gas sensor based on the synthesized hybrid composite was successfully tested over a wide range of carbon dioxide concentrations where it exhibited excellent response magnitudes, good linearity, and low detection limit. The synergistic effect can explain the obtained hybrid gas sensor’s prominent sensing properties between SnO2 and rGO that provide excellent charge transport capability and an abundance of sensing sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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18 pages, 5431 KiB  
Article
CuWO4 with CuO and Cu(OH)2 Native Surface Layers for H2S Detection under in-Field Conditions
by Simona Somacescu, Adelina Stanoiu, Ion Viorel Dinu, Jose Maria Calderon-Moreno, Ovidiu G. Florea, Mihaela Florea, Petre Osiceanu and Cristian E. Simion
Materials 2021, 14(2), 465; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020465 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
The paper presents the possibility of detecting low H2S concentrations using CuWO4. The applicative challenge was to obtain sensitivity, selectivity, short response time, and full recovery at a low operating temperature under in-field atmosphere, which means variable relative humidity [...] Read more.
The paper presents the possibility of detecting low H2S concentrations using CuWO4. The applicative challenge was to obtain sensitivity, selectivity, short response time, and full recovery at a low operating temperature under in-field atmosphere, which means variable relative humidity (%RH). Three different chemical synthesis routes were used for obtaining the samples labeled as: CuW1, CuW2, and CuW3. The materials have been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). While CuWO4 is the common main phase with triclinic symmetry, different native layers of CuO and Cu(OH)2 have been identified on top of the surfaces. The differences induced into their structural, morphological, and surface chemistry revealed different degrees of surface hydroxylation. Knowing the poisonous effect of H2S, the sensing properties evaluation allowed the CuW2 selection based on its specific surface recovery upon gas exposure. Simultaneous electrical resistance and work function measurements confirmed the weak influence of moisture over the sensing properties of CuW2, due to the pronounced Cu(OH)2 native surface layer, as shown by XPS investigations. Moreover, the experimental results obtained at 150 °C highlight the linear sensor signal for CuW2 in the range of 1 to 10 ppm H2S concentrations and a pronounced selectivity towards CO, CH4, NH3, SO2, and NO2. Therefore, the applicative potential deserves to be noted. The study has been completed by a theoretical approach aiming to link the experimental findings with the CuW2 intrinsic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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11 pages, 2433 KiB  
Article
Monitoring of Post-Harvest Maturation Processes inside Stored Fruit Using Photoacoustic Gas Sensing Spectroscopy
by Ana Maria Bratu, Mioara Petrus and Cristina Popa
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2694; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13122694 - 12 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2047
Abstract
Gases produced inside harvested fruit sensitively influence the continuing quality of the stored fruit and its maximum time of storability. In this work, the evolution of gaseous volatiles inside “Golden Delicious” apples were studied using CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy with the aim [...] Read more.
Gases produced inside harvested fruit sensitively influence the continuing quality of the stored fruit and its maximum time of storability. In this work, the evolution of gaseous volatiles inside “Golden Delicious” apples were studied using CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy with the aim of developing new methods for in-storage fruit quality monitoring. Studying the concentrations of volatile organic compounds generated inside “Golden Delicious” apples during storage, it was found that the concentrations of these compounds depended on the stage of maturity reached during fruit maturation and on the conditions of preservation. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software were used to study the conversion of ethylene to ethanol in the course of respiration processes occurring inside stored food. Experimental data obtained by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy were used to critically assess the simulation results. Using the combination of both techniques, new prospects for the development and implementation of advanced schemes of fruit storage and preservation have emerged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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17 pages, 7521 KiB  
Article
CeO2:Mn3O4 Catalytic Micro-Converters Tuned for CH4 Detection Based on Catalytic Combustion under Real Operating Conditions
by Cristian E. Simion, Ovidiu G. Florea, Mihaela Florea, Florentina Neaţu, Ştefan Neaţu, Mihaela M. Trandafir and Adelina Stănoiu
Materials 2020, 13(9), 2196; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13092196 - 11 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
Mesoporous CeO2:Mn3O4 materials (3:7 and 7:3 molar ratio) were prepared by co-precipitation and deposited as porous thick films over alumina (Al2O3) planar substrate provided with Pt meander. The aim was oriented towards detecting low [...] Read more.
Mesoporous CeO2:Mn3O4 materials (3:7 and 7:3 molar ratio) were prepared by co-precipitation and deposited as porous thick films over alumina (Al2O3) planar substrate provided with Pt meander. The aim was oriented towards detecting low levels methane (CH4) at moderate operating temperatures. Herein we demonstrated that the sensitivity of catalytic micro-converters (CMCs) towards a given peak of CH4 concentration corresponds to specific gas-surface interaction phenomena. More precisely, a transition from thermal conductivity to combustion rate is likely to occur when CMCs are operated under real atmospheric conditions (normal pressure, presence of relative humidity, and constant operating temperature). The response to CH4 was analyzed over different gas flows and different gas concentrations under the same operating regime. The materials were fully characterized by adsorption-desorption isotherms, H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopies. Thus, the applicative aspect of using CeO2:Mn3O4 as moderate temperature CMC for CH4 detection is brought to the fore. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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17 pages, 4156 KiB  
Article
Selectivity of Tungsten Oxide Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method Towards Some Volatile Organic Compounds and Gaseous Materials in a Broad Range of Temperatures
by Simonas Ramanavičius, Milda Petrulevičienė, Jurga Juodkazytė, Asta Grigucevičienė and Arūnas Ramanavičius
Materials 2020, 13(3), 523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13030523 - 22 Jan 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3122
Abstract
In this research, the investigation of sensing properties of non-stoichiometric WO3 (WO3−x) film towards some volatile organic compounds (VOC) (namely: Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone) and ammonia gas are reported. Sensors were tested at several temperatures within the interval ranging from [...] Read more.
In this research, the investigation of sensing properties of non-stoichiometric WO3 (WO3−x) film towards some volatile organic compounds (VOC) (namely: Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone) and ammonia gas are reported. Sensors were tested at several temperatures within the interval ranging from a relatively low temperature of 60 up to 270 °C. Significant variation of selectivity, which depended on the operational temperature of sensor, was observed. Here, the reported WO3/WO3–x-based sensing material opens an avenue for the design of sensors with temperature-dependent sensitivity, which can be applied in the design of new gas- and/or VOC-sensing systems that are dedicated for the determination of particular gas- and/or VOC-based analyte concentration in the mixture of different gases and/or VOCs, using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Gas Sensors)
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