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Advances in Additively Manufactured Reinforced Polymers
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Advances in Additively Manufactured Reinforced Polymers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2023) | Viewed by 5941

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrea Bernasconi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Interests: fatigue of short-fiber-reinforced polymers; fatigue and fracture of adhesives; microstructural characterization of short-fiber-reinforced polymers; structural health monitoring of composite laminates and adhesive joints
Dr. Luca Michele Martulli

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, I-20156 Milan, Italy
Interests: fatigue of discontinuous composites; mechanical modeling of discontinuous composites; failure behavior of fiber-reinforced composites; composite structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing for continuous and discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers offers many advantages as compared to conventional manufacturing techniques such as injection molding or automated tape laying. These advantages include the fabrication of new optimized structures, integration of short and continuous fibers, and on-demand fabrication of tailored products. For these reasons, additively manufactured fiber-reinforced polymers are gaining popularity in the research and industrial communities. To fully exploit the potential offered by these materials, a key factor is the knowledge of the relationships between the process-induced microstructure and the mechanical performance (stiffness, static, fatigue, and creep strength) of material and structures. Another key factor is the development of models capable of predicting the mechanical properties and printing quality of materials and components. This Special Issue covers these topics and focuses on the relationships between process, microstructure, and performance of additively manufactured fiber-reinforced polymers.

We kindly invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Bernasconi
Dr. Luca Michele Martulli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • 3D printing
  • fiber-reinforced polymers
  • modeling
  • multiscale
  • fatigue
  • strength
  • elasticity
  • process simulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6752 KiB  
Article
Steering Potential for Printing Highly Aligned Discontinuous Fibre Composite Filament
by Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi, Duc H. Nguyen, Ian Hamerton, Benjamin K. S. Woods, Dmitry S. Ivanov and Marco L. Longana
Materials 2023, 16(8), 3279; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16083279 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1249
Abstract
DcAFF (discontinuous aligned fibre filament) is a novel material for fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing made of highly aligned discontinuous fibres produced using high performance discontinuous fibre (HiPerDiF) technology. It reinforces a thermoplastic matrix to provide high mechanical performance and formability. Accurate [...] Read more.
DcAFF (discontinuous aligned fibre filament) is a novel material for fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing made of highly aligned discontinuous fibres produced using high performance discontinuous fibre (HiPerDiF) technology. It reinforces a thermoplastic matrix to provide high mechanical performance and formability. Accurate printing of DcAFF poses a challenge, especially for complex geometries, because: (i) there is a discrepancy between the path where the filament experiences the adhering pressure from the filleted nozzle and the nozzle path; and (ii) the rasters display poor adhesion to the build platform immediately after deposition, which causes the filament to be dragged when the printing direction changes. This paper explains the implication of these phenomena on steering capabilities and examines the techniques for improving DcAFF printing accuracy. In the first approach, the machine parameters were adjusted to improve the quality of the sharp turning angle without changing the desired path, but this showed insignificant effects in terms of precision improvements. In the second approach, a printing path modification with a compensation algorithm was introduced. The nature of the inaccuracy of the printing at the turning point was studied with a first-order lag relationship. Then the equation to describe the deposition raster inaccuracy was determined. A proportional–integral (PI) controller was added to the equation to calculate the nozzle movement in order to bring the raster back to the desired path. The applied compensation path is shown to give an accuracy improvement in curvilinear printing paths. This is particularly beneficial when printing larger circular diameter curvilinear printed parts. The developed printing approach can be applied with other fibre reinforced filaments to achieve complex geometries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Additively Manufactured Reinforced Polymers)
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13 pages, 3645 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Reinforcement in Nylon 6 Nanocomposite Fiber Incorporated with Dopamine Reduced Graphene Oxide
by Yonghuan Zhao, Yang Meng, Feichao Zhu, Juanjuan Su and Jian Han
Materials 2022, 15(15), 5095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155095 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1321
Abstract
The emergence of graphene-based polymer composite fibers provides a new opportunity to study the high-performance and functional chemical fibers. In this work, we have developed an efficient and convenient method with polydopamine (PDA) to functionalize and reduce graphene oxide (GO) simultaneously, and the [...] Read more.
The emergence of graphene-based polymer composite fibers provides a new opportunity to study the high-performance and functional chemical fibers. In this work, we have developed an efficient and convenient method with polydopamine (PDA) to functionalize and reduce graphene oxide (GO) simultaneously, and the modified graphene nanosheets can obtain uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding in nylon 6 (PA6). Furthermore, the reinforced PA6 composite fibers were prepared through mixing PDA-rGO into the PA6 polymer matrix and then melt spinning. The functional modification was characterized by surface analysis and structural testing including SEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman. When the addition amount of the modified GO was 0.15 wt%, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite fiber reached 310.4 MPa and 462.3 MPa, respectively. The results showed a meaningful reinforcement with an effect compared to the pure nylon 6 fiber. Moreover, the composite fiber also exhibited an improved crystallinity and thermal stability, as measured by DSC and TGA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Additively Manufactured Reinforced Polymers)
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14 pages, 4177 KiB  
Article
Additively Manufactured Composite Lug with Continuous Carbon Fibre Steering Based on Finite Element Analysis
by Chethan Savandaiah, Stefan Sieberer and Georg Steinbichler
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1820; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051820 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
In this study, the influence of curvilinear fibre reinforcement on the load-carrying capacity of additively manufactured continuous carbon fibre reinforced necked double shear lugs was investigated. A curvilinear fibre placement is descriptive of layers in extrusion-based continuous-fibre-reinforced additive manufacturing with carbon fibres aligned [...] Read more.
In this study, the influence of curvilinear fibre reinforcement on the load-carrying capacity of additively manufactured continuous carbon fibre reinforced necked double shear lugs was investigated. A curvilinear fibre placement is descriptive of layers in extrusion-based continuous-fibre-reinforced additive manufacturing with carbon fibres aligned in the directions of principal stress. The alternating layered fibre trajectories follow the maximum and minimum principal stress directions due to axial tension loading derived from two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The digital image correlation was utilised to monitor the strain distribution during the application of tensile load. The 2D FEA data and the tensile test results obtained were comparable, the part strength and the linear approximation of stiffness data variability were minimal and well within the acceptable range. Nondestructive fractography was performed by utilising computed tomography (CT) to analyse the fractured regions of the tensile-tested lug. The CT scanned images aided in deducing the failure phenomenon in layered lugs; process-induced voids and fibre layup undulation were identified as the cause for lug failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Additively Manufactured Reinforced Polymers)
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