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Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 5516

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mingchao Wang

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Guest Editor

College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
Interests: ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications; fiber reinforced ceramic-based composites; high-temperature resistant adhesives; thermal radiation-resistant coating; flame retardant and thermal insulation coating
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the field of aerospace, extreme-high-temperature environment brings great difficulties to the design of aircraft. Advanced thermal protection systems are one key to ensuring the safe flight of aircraft, in which lightweight thermal insulation materials (porosity ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, foam glasses et al.) are an important part of thermal protection systems. Their installation and fixation usually require connections between superalloys, and the connection of dissimilar components is a key issue. High-temperature-resistant adhesives and thermal-radiation-resistant coating are necessary auxiliary materials for assembly. In some inflammable parts, fire-proof coatings and fire-extinguishing agents need to be added.

The first volume of the Materials Special Issue, titled "Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications" resonated remarkably within the scientific community, featuring a collection of sixteen high-quality publications. Encouraged by this success and recognizing the escalating interest among researchers in this dynamic field, we are excited to announce the initiation of a second volume for this Special Issue, inviting further valuable contributions.

The Special Issue will address the preparation, characterization, technologies, and applications of advanced ceramics, composites, glasses, adhesives, and coatings for extreme application. Special emphasis will be placed on the mechanical properties (specific strength), temperature/fire/radiation resistance, thermal properties (thermal stability, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion) composition, and structural evolution of materials. Toughening has always been the key to improving the properties of extreme-high-temperature materials, and the in situ growing of nano/micro phases is a low-cost, controllable, and efficient toughening method. This Special Issue also welcomes manuscripts on in situ toughening, especially the analysis of in situ growth and strengthening mechanisms.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications; porosity ceramics/composites; fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites; high-temperature-resistant adhesives; thermal-radiation-resistant coating; flame-retardant coating, foam glasses; in situ nano/micro phases growth for reinforcement; advanced inorganic fire-extinguishing agents; the connection between ceramics and superalloys.

Dr. Mingchao Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications
high-temperature-resistant adhesives
flame-retardant coating
porosity ceramics
foam glasses
in situ nano/micro phases growth for reinforcement
lightweight thermal insulation material
advanced inorganic fire-extinguishing agents
the connection between ceramics and superalloys

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of the Composition on the Properties of Simulated Lunar Mare Basalt Fibers

by Jin Liu, Lida Luo, Jiali Xu, Xiaoxu Zhu, Guoying Shi and Qingwei Wang

Materials 2024, 17(9), 2043; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17092043 - 26 Apr 2024

Viewed by 247

Abstract

Lunar mare basalt is recognized as an important in situ resource on the lunar surface. However, the significant compositional variability of lunar mare basalts introduces uncertainties concerning the potential for their use in fabricating fibers and composite materials. This study investigates the impact of different components on the fiber-forming capabilities of mare basalts by simulating the compositions of basalts collected from several well-known lunar missions and then preparing simulated lunar mare basalt fibers. Raman spectroscopy is primarily employed for analysis and characterization, using “peak area normalization” to explore the impact of compositional fluctuations in the simulated lunar mare basalts on the glass network structure. The findings indicate that an increase in the Fe content raises the likelihood of basalt fibers crystallizing. Additionally, Fe³⁺ is shown to substitute for Si and Al in constructing bridging oxygen bonds in the network structure, albeit reducing the overall polymerization of the network. Meanwhile, Fe²⁺ acts as a network modifier to enhance the mechanical properties of the fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 5089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flexible and Compressible Nanostructure-Assembled Aramid Nanofiber/Silica Composites Aerogel

by Chensi Zhang, Jiangtao Li, Junpeng Jiang, Xiaoxia Hu, Shuo Yang, Kuan Wang, Anran Guo and Haiyan Du

Materials 2024, 17(9), 1938; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17091938 - 23 Apr 2024

Viewed by 266

Abstract

The Applications of silica aerogel are limited due to its brittleness and low strength. As a result, it is essential to strengthen and toughen it. Organic nanofibers are one of the preferred reinforcement materials. In this work, we designed and fabricated flexible and compressible nanostructure-assembled aramid nanofiber/silica composites aerogel (ANF/SiO₂ aerogel) to improve the mechanical strength and flexibility of silica aerogel without compromising thermal insulation properties. The aramid nanofiber/silica composite aerogels were prepared by immersing the aramid nanofiber wet gel into the silica sol for a certain period of time followed by freeze drying without solvent replacement. The surface modifier 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a coupling agent to form chemical linkage between the ANF fiber and silica gel. It was observed that APTES can effectively drive the silica sol to infuse into ANF hydrogel, promoting the assembly of silica gel onto the fiber surface and a uniform distribution in the network of ANF. The compressive resilience, thermal stability, and thermal insulation properties of the composite aerogels were evaluated by inducing the silica aerogel into the ANF network to form a protective layer on the fiber and change the pore structure in the ANF network. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 15259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

(Ba_0.55Sr_0.45)_1−xLa_xTi_1.01O₃-Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity Ceramics with Low Curie Temperature (~−15 °C)

by Wanlu Xu, Wenwu Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang and Ping Yu

Materials 2024, 17(8), 1812; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17081812 - 15 Apr 2024

Viewed by 413

Abstract

Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) materials with low Curie temperature have been paid increasing attention lately. In this study, PTCR materials with a Curie temperature of approximately −15 °C were investigated by La³⁺ doping Ba_0.55Sr_0.45TiO₃ ceramics. It could be expected to meet the requirements of thermal management systems for low-temperature control. In addition, a trace amount of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (BNT) was employed to improve the resistivity and the PTCR performance. A significant PTCR effect was achieved with a high resistivity jump of nearly four orders of magnitude, a high temperature coefficient of ~28.76%/°C, and a narrow transition temperature span of 22 °C in the (Ba_0.55Sr_0.45)_0.99875La_0.00125Ti_1.01O₃-0.0025Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ ceramics. The PTCR enhancement mechanism of BNT is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 4008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Dielectric Properties of Alkali-Free Aluminoborosilicate Glasses by Considering the Contributions of Electronic and Ionic Polarizabilities in the GHz Frequency Range

by Linganna Kadathala, Young-Ouk Park, Myoung-Kyu Oh, Won-Taek Han and Bok Hyeon Kim

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17061404 - 19 Mar 2024

Viewed by 499

Abstract

Recently, the investigation of the dielectric properties of glasses in the GHz frequency range has attracted great interest for use in printed circuit boards (PCBs) as a reinforcing material in the application of high-speed 5G/6G communications. In particular, glasses with low dielectric properties are a prerequisite for high-frequency applications. In this study, the GHz dielectric properties of alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses without and with La₂O₃ were analyzed using the Clausius–Mossotti equation where both the electronic and ionic polarizabilities contribute to the dielectric constant. The dielectric polarizability (α_D) and oxide ion polarizability (α_O2−) were calculated from the measured dielectric constant (ε_GHz) at 1 GHz and the glass density. The dielectric constants (ε_opt) at the optical frequencies and electronic polarizabilities (α_e) of the glasses were calculated from the refractive index measured at 633 nm and the glass density. The ε_GHz values were found to be significantly higher than the ε_opt values in both series of glasses, due to the ionic polarizability (α_i), which contributes additionally to the ε_GHz. The lower dielectric constants of the La₂O₃-incoporated glasses than that of the reference glass without La₂O₃ may be due to the lower ionic polarizability originated from the incorporation of the high cation field strength of the La³⁺ ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 7169 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramics via Forming Intragranular Structure

by Junguo Li, Qiwang Cai, Guoqiang Luo, Xinyu Zhong, Qiang Shen, Rong Tu, Xiaoping Guo and Renchi Ding

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061309 - 12 Mar 2024

Viewed by 601

Abstract

The distribution of second phase particles in the microstructure of composite ceramics affects the mechanical properties, and the intragranular structures often result in better properties compared to the intergranular structures. However, it is difficult to obtain composite ceramics with intragranular structure by conventional route. To produce composite ceramics with an intragranular structure in a simpler route. In this work, starting powders with different phase compositions were obtained by the co-precipitation method, and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite ceramics were prepared with these starting powders by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results show that it is easier to fabricate ZTA composite ceramics with an intragranular structure by using composite powders containing amorphous or transition phase Al₂O₃ as starting materials. The phase composition of the powder prepared by the co-precipitation method after calcination at 1100 °C is θ-Al₂O₃ and t-ZrO₂, and the average grain size after sintering at 1500 °C is 1.04 ± 0.28 µm, and the maximum Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the specimens reach 19.37 ± 0.43 GPa and 6.18 ± 0.06 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. The ZrO₂ particles were the core of crystallization and grow together with the Al₂O₃ matrix, forming the intragranular structure of ZTA ceramics. This work may provide a new idea for preparing composite ceramics with intragranular structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 22482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Ceramic Fiber Threads with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Performance

by Xueying Zhang, Feng Hou, Haiyan Du, Liwen Yan, Anran Guo, Xiaohui Ma and Jiachen Liu

Materials 2024, 17(3), 599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17030599 - 26 Jan 2024

Viewed by 637

Abstract

Ceramic fiber thread is one of the key components in flexible external thermal insulation blankets, and it has been applied in various fields as a flexible ceramic fibrous material with excellent deformability and high-temperature resistance. However, ceramic fiber threads are often subjected to reciprocating friction motion at specific bending angles, making them highly susceptible to abrade and fracture. Enhancing the abrasion resistance performance of ceramic fiber threads under bending conditions is the future trend and remains a significant challenge. Hence, we design and construct a novel polyurethane-modified coating on the ceramic fiber threads to improve their abrasion resistance performance. The effects of the types and concentrations of modifiers on the microstructure, abrasion resistance property, and tensile property of ceramic fiber threads are systematically investigated. The ceramic fiber threads, after modification with hexamethylene diisocyanate waterborne polyurethane (HDI-WPU) with a concentration of 3%, exhibit excellent abrasion resistance properties. The number of friction cycles at fracture of the modified ceramic fiber thread is more than three times, and the tensile strength is more than one and a half times, that of the original ceramic fiber thread, demonstrating the great potential of the HDI-WPU modifier for enhancing the abrasion resistance performance of ceramic fiber threads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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22 pages, 15648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings

by Xukun Yang, Yange Wan, Nan Yang, Yilin Hou, Dantong Chen, Jiachen Liu, Guoshuai Cai and Mingchao Wang

Materials 2024, 17(2), 348; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17020348 - 10 Jan 2024

Viewed by 722

Abstract

The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, as well as the composition evolution of the coatings, were investigated by using large-plate combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, a cone calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis, a N₂ adsorption and desorption test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a tensile strength test, and a viscosity test. The results showed that the addition of 14BBDE and T403 promoted the oxidation of B₄C and the formation of boron-containing glass or ceramics, increased the residual mass of char, densified the surface char layer, and increased the specific surface area of porous residual char. When their dosage was 30%, ESB-1T-3 coating exhibited the most excellent flame-retardant properties. During the 2 h large-plate combustion test, the backside temperature was only 138.72 °C, without any melting pits. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production (PSPR) were reduced by 13.15%, 13.9%, 5.48%, and 17.45%, respectively, compared to the blank ESB coating. The LOI value reached 33.4%, and the vertical combustion grade was V-0. In addition, the tensile strength of the ESB-1T-3 sample was increased by 10.94% compared to ESB. In contrast, the addition of BGE and DDM promoted the combustion of the coating, affected the ceramic process of the coating, seriously affected the formation of borosilicate glass, and exhibited poor flame retardancy. The backside temperature reached 190.93 °C after 2 h combustion. A unified rule is that as the amount of diluent and curing agent increases, the flame retardancy improves while the mechanical properties decrease. This work provides data support for the preparation and process optimization of resin-based coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 3193 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Emissivity MoSi₂-SiC-Al₂O₃ Coating on Rigid Insulation Tiles with Enhanced Thermal Protection Performance

by Xukun Yang, Yange Wan, Jiancun Li, Jiachen Liu, Mingchao Wang and Xin Tao

Materials 2024, 17(1), 220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17010220 - 30 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 933

Abstract

High emissivity coatings with sol as the binder have the advantages of room temperature curing, good thermal shock resistance, and high emissivity; however, only silica sol has been used in the current systems. In this study, aluminum sol was used as the binder for the first time, and MoSi₂ and SiC were used as emittance agents to prepare a high emissivity MoSi₂-SiC-Al₂O₃ coating on mullite insulation tiles. The evolution of structure and composition at 1000–1400 °C, the spectral emissivity from 200 nm to 25 μm, and the insulation performance were studied. Compared with the coating with silica sol as a binder, the MoSi₂-SiC-Al₂O₃ coating has better structural uniformity and greater surface roughness and can generate mullite whiskers at lower temperatures. The total emissivity is 0.922 and 0.897, respectively, at the wavelength range of 200–2500 nm and 2.5–25 μm, and the superior emissivity at a low wavelength (<10 μm) is related to a higher surface roughness and reduced feature absorption. The emissivity reduction related to the oxidation of emittance agents at a high temperature (−10.2%) is smaller than that of the silica-sol-bonded coating (−18.6%). The cold surface temperature of the coated substrate is 215 °C lower than the bare substrate, suggesting excellent thermal insulation performance of the coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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Review

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34 pages, 815 KiB

Open AccessReview

State of the Art Review for Titanium Fluorine Glasses and Glass Ceramics

by Brenna Kettlewell and Daniel Boyd

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1403; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17061403 - 19 Mar 2024

Viewed by 567

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and fluorine (F) have the potential to provide a variety of desirable physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties applicable to a broad range of indications. Consequently, Ti- and F-containing glasses and glass ceramics are currently under investigation for use in nuclear, optical, electrochemical, dental, and industrial fields. Accordingly, significant interest exists with respect to understanding the individual and interaction effects that these elements have on material structure and properties to support the accelerated design, development, and deployment of these materials. This review aims to serve as a foundational reference across multiple disciplines, highlighting the fundamental properties and versatility of Ti- and F-containing glasses and glass ceramics. By consolidating our current knowledge of these materials, this broad overview will identify areas in which we can further our understanding to support the a priori prediction and effective design of these systems. Finally, this paper will introduce the potential to improve material design by integrating experimentation, modelling, and computational approaches in a manner commensurate with the principles of the Materials Genome Initiative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)

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