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Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy
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Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 22494

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Ruggero Rodriguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; regenerative dentistry; oral implantology; dental radiography; implant dentistry; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of medical research in the field of regenerative medicine has led, in recent years, to the use of regenerative techniques also in the dental field. Clinical applications of tissue regeneration are clinically used especially in the case of bone deficiencies to allow implant-supported rehabilitations. Biomaterials, membranes, growth factors, and use of stem cells represent the present and future of tissue regeneration in dentistry. As the guest editor of the Special Issue on these topics, which will be published in the Materials journal (Publisher MDPI, St Alban-Anlage 66, Basel, Switzerland; IF 2018: 2.972), I would like to invite colleagues who have experience in both the dental and biological fields and experts in biomaterials to participate.

This Special Issue aims to be a report on the state-of-the-art of clinical applications and research in the regenerative field that can provide dentists of various specialties with information on regenerative techniques.

The Special Issue will cover but not be limited to the following topics:

Bases of bone physiology;

Wound healing;

Biomaterials in use in dentistry;

Growth factors for dental use;

Implant surface treatment;

Surgical techniques of bone regeneration;

Regeneration aspects in conservative dentistry;

Regeneration aspects in periodontal therapy;

Regeneration aspects in implantology;

Mesenchymal stem cells;

State-of-the-art of clinical applications of stem cells in bone regeneration.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Ruggero Rodriguez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bone regeneration
  • Growth factors
  • Biomaterials
  • Titanium surface treatment
  • Membranes
  • Implant dentistry
  • Wound healing
  • Mesenchymal stem cells
  • PRF
  • Bone substitutes
  • Bone grafts

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1997 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Nandrolone Decanoate in the Osseointegration of Dental Implants in a Rabbit Model: Histological and Micro-Radiographic Results
by Saturnino Marco Lupi, Alessandra Nicole Sassi, Alessandro Addis and Ruggero Rodriguez y Baena
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14092258 - 27 Apr 2021
Viewed by 2011
Abstract
Despite high rates of osseointegration in healthy patients, complex cases present an increased risk of osseointegration failure when treated with dental implants. Furthermore, if immediate loading of the implants is used, maximizing the response of the host organism would be desirable. Anabolic steroids, [...] Read more.
Despite high rates of osseointegration in healthy patients, complex cases present an increased risk of osseointegration failure when treated with dental implants. Furthermore, if immediate loading of the implants is used, maximizing the response of the host organism would be desirable. Anabolic steroids, such as Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), are reported to have beneficial clinical effects on various bone issues such as osteoporosis and bone fractures. However, their beneficial effects in promoting osseointegration in dental implant placement have not been documented. The study aimed to examine histological changes induced by ND in experimental dental implants in rabbit models. Two dental implants were placed in the tibias of 24 adult rabbits. Rabbits were allocated to one of two groups: control group or test group. Rabbits in the latter group were given nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg, immediately after implant placement and after 1 week). Micro-radiographic and histological analyses were assessed to characterize the morphological changes promoted by the nandrolone decanoate use. Total bone volume and fluorescence were significantly higher in the control group after 2 weeks. Such a difference between the two groups might indicate that, initially, nandrolone lengthens the non-specific healing period characteristic of all bone surgeries. However, after the beginning of the reparative processes, the quantity of newly formed bone appears to be significantly higher, indicating a positive stimulation of the androgen molecule on bone metabolism. Based on micro-radiology and fluorescence microscopy, nandrolone decanoate influenced bone regeneration in the implant site. The anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate affects the healing processes of the peri-implant bone and therefore has the potential to improve the outcomes of implant treatment in medically complex patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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14 pages, 4063 KiB  
Article
Anatase Forming Treatment without Surface Morphological Alteration of Dental Implant
by Saturnino Marco Lupi, Benedetta Albini, Arianna Rodriguez y Baena, Giulia Lanfrè and Pietro Galinetto
Materials 2020, 13(22), 5280; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13225280 - 22 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2024
Abstract
The osseointegration of titanium implants is allowed by the TiO2 layer that covers the implants. Titania can exist in amorphous form or in three different crystalline conformations: anatase, rutile and brookite. Few studies have characterized TiO2 covering the surface of dental [...] Read more.
The osseointegration of titanium implants is allowed by the TiO2 layer that covers the implants. Titania can exist in amorphous form or in three different crystalline conformations: anatase, rutile and brookite. Few studies have characterized TiO2 covering the surface of dental implants from the crystalline point of view. The aim of the present study was to characterize the evolution of the TiO2 layer following different surface treatments from a crystallographic point of view. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants subjected to different surface treatments were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the crystalline conformation of titania. The surface treatments evaluated were: machining, sandblasting, sandblasting and etching and sandblasting, etching and anodization. The anodizing treatment evaluated in this study allowed to obtain anatase on commercially pure titanium implants without altering the morphological characteristics of the surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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11 pages, 24109 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvaria Using Bone Autologous Micrografts and Xenografts: Histological and Histomorphometric Analysis
by Carlos R. G. Araùjo, Carlo Astarita, Riccardo D'Aquino and André A. Pelegrine
Materials 2020, 13(19), 4284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13194284 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3955
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of autologous micrografts obtained by the Rigenera® Micrografting Technology and xenograft on critical size defects created in the calvaria of rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups for [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of autologous micrografts obtained by the Rigenera® Micrografting Technology and xenograft on critical size defects created in the calvaria of rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups for each of the two evaluation times (15 and 30 days) (n = 6). After general anesthesia, a 5-mm diameter bone defect was created in the calvaria of each animal. Each defect was filled with the following materials: blood clot, autologous bone graft, xenograft, and xenograft associated with autologous micrografts. Histomorphometric and histological analysis showed that the group that have received the Rigenera® processed autologous micrografts combined with the xenograft and the group that received autologous bone graft resulted in greater bone formation in both time points when compared with the use of the xenograft alone and blood clot. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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15 pages, 3979 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Simultaneous Alveolar Ridge Augmentation by Means of Preformed Titanium Meshes at Dehiscence-Type Peri-Implant Defects: A Prospective Pilot Study
by Carlo Maiorana, Mattia Manfredini, Mario Beretta, Fabrizio Signorino, Andrea Bovio and Pier Paolo Poli
Materials 2020, 13(10), 2389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13102389 - 22 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
Background: bone augmentation by means of manually shaped titanium mesh is an established procedure to regenerate atrophic alveolar ridges and recreate a proper contour of the peri-implant bone anatomy. Conversely, current literature on the use of preformed titanium meshes instead of traditional grids [...] Read more.
Background: bone augmentation by means of manually shaped titanium mesh is an established procedure to regenerate atrophic alveolar ridges and recreate a proper contour of the peri-implant bone anatomy. Conversely, current literature on the use of preformed titanium meshes instead of traditional grids remains lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the use of preformed titanium mesh to support bone regeneration simultaneously to implant placement at dehiscence-type defects from clinical, radiological, and patient-related outcomes. Methods: 8 implants showing buccal dehiscence defects were treated with preformed titanium mesh directly fixed to flat abutments screwed to the implant. Intrasurgical clinical measurements and radiographic evaluations by means of cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed to assess the horizontal bone gain after 8 months from the augmentation surgery. Biological and patient-centered outcomes were also evaluated.; Results: clinically, a mean horizontal bone gain of 4.95 ± 0.96 mm, and a mean horizontal thickness of the buccal plate of 3.25 ± 0.46 mm were found. A mean horizontal bone gain of 5.06 ± 0.88 mm associated with a mean horizontal thickness of the buccal plate of 3.45 ± 0.68 mm were observed radiographically. From a macroscopic aspect, the remodeled graft appeared well integrated with the host bone. Well vascularized newly formed bone-like tissue was observed in intimate contact with the implants. Conclusions: preformed titanium mesh may be effective in supporting simultaneous horizontal bone regeneration at dehiscence-type peri-implant defects. Titanium mesh exposure still remain an issue in this type of surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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Review

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18 pages, 267 KiB  
Review
Biochemical Modification of Titanium Oral Implants: Evidence from In Vivo Studies
by Saturnino Marco Lupi, Mirko Torchia and Silvana Rizzo
Materials 2021, 14(11), 2798; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14112798 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
The discovery of osseointegration of titanium implants revolutionized the dental prosthesis field. Traditionally, implants have a surface that is processed by additive or subtractive techniques, which have positive effects on the osseointegration process by altering the topography. In the last decade, innovative implant [...] Read more.
The discovery of osseointegration of titanium implants revolutionized the dental prosthesis field. Traditionally, implants have a surface that is processed by additive or subtractive techniques, which have positive effects on the osseointegration process by altering the topography. In the last decade, innovative implant surfaces have been developed, on which biologically active molecules have been immobilized with the aim of increasing stimulation at the implant–biological tissue interface, thus favoring the quality of osseointegration. Among these molecules, some are normally present in the human body, and the techniques for the immobilization of these molecules on the implant surface have been called Biochemical Modification of Titanium Surfaces (BMTiS). Different techniques have been described in order to immobilize those biomolecules on titanium implant surfaces. The aim of the present paper is to present evidence, available from in vivo studies, about the effects of biochemical modification of titanium oral implants on osseointegration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
35 pages, 790 KiB  
Review
Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration—Approaches and Challenges
by Mihaela Olaru, Liliana Sachelarie and Gabriela Calin
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2558; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102558 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6392
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the [...] Read more.
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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Other

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9 pages, 2678 KiB  
Case Report
Buccal Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Augmentation by Means of a Porcine Collagen Matrix: A Proof of Concept Technical Note
by Mario Beretta, Carlo Maiorana, Mattia Manfredini, Susanna Ferrario and Pier Paolo Poli
Materials 2021, 14(1), 93; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14010093 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
The quality and quantity of peri-implant soft tissues at the crestal portion of dental implants are important aspects to consider for a long-term successful implant-supported rehabilitation. Some relevant factors attributed to the implant health include mucosal thickness and keratinization. In this respect, many [...] Read more.
The quality and quantity of peri-implant soft tissues at the crestal portion of dental implants are important aspects to consider for a long-term successful implant-supported rehabilitation. Some relevant factors attributed to the implant health include mucosal thickness and keratinization. In this respect, many techniques and materials have been described to augment and improve buccal peri-implant soft tissues. Over the last few years, newly developed xenogeneic collagen matrices have been introduced in peri-implant plastic surgery to replace autogenous soft tissue grafts; however, data remain controversial so far. Thus, the purpose of the present report was to present a novel surgical technique conceived to augment buccal peri-implant soft tissues in combination with a volume-stable porcine collagen matrix. The rationale and the fundamental concepts that led to the use of a xenogeneic matrix to increase soft tissue volumes were also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry: From Biomaterials to Stem Cell Therapy)
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