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Advances in the Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Second Volume)

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Published Papers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 4383

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tommaso Pastore

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
Interests: corrosion and protection of metals; cathodic protection; corrosion of rebars; corrosion engineering; failure analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Sergio Lorenzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
Interests: reinforcement corrosion; electrochemical techniques for corrosion protection and prevention of metal structures; environmentally assisted cracking of high-strength steels; corrosion in drinking water and energy production plants; cathodic protection design based on numerical simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As we all know, corrosion is the main cause of deterioration in metal structures and devices due to interactions with the environment. Many efforts have been made to counteract corrosion since the 1970s, as it was determined that the amount of corrosion-related damage was approximately a few gross domestic product (GPD) points. Nowadays, the impact of corrosion damage seems to be as high as it was 40 years ago, despite innovations in material protection and corrosion prevention strategies. In addition, in recent years, the theme of sustainability has become more prominent, and industry is now facing new challenges to maintain production levels and reduce emissions. Words such as hydrogen economy, green building, LCCA, carbon footprint, circular economy, waste reduction, recycling, and reuse are now part of the business, and all these words are strictly related to material durability as a key factor to prolong the service life of assets, thus decreasing raw material consumption and natural resource exploitation. In this view, substantial importance must be devoted to improving material selection strategies, design solutions, passive and active protection (inhibitor, coating, and cathodic protection), and environmental mitigation solutions.

In addition, in recent years, material composition and microstructures have changed significantly to fulfill even more demanding applications. Among the most relevant topics, we can cite studies on high-entropy alloys, ultra-fine grained metals, additive manufactured metals, and innovative joining technologies (i.e., friction stir welding, innovative coatings based on nano additions, inhibitors, self-healing compounds) to further increase barrier performance and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. From this point of view, there is a strong need to further improve knowledge on corrosion mechanisms and on the corrosion protection and prevention of metallic materials.

This Special Issue aims to provide a 360-degree panorama of the more recent findings in the field of corrosion and in the corrosion protection and prevention of both traditional and innovative materials in natural environments or in the industrial sector. Traditional weight loss and accelerated tests, electrochemical tests, local corrosion techniques (electrochemical microcells, SKPFM, etc..), environmentally assisted cracking assessment, and failure analysis are only a few examples of the topics that this Special Issue intends to address. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Tommaso Pastore
Prof. Dr. Sergio Lorenzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

corrosion and protection of metals
cathodic protection
corrosion of rebars
corrosion engineering
failure analysis
reinforcement corrosion
electrochemical techniques for corrosion protection and prevention of metal structures
environmentally assisted cracking of high-strength steels
corrosion in drinking water and energy production plants
cathodic protection design based on numerical simulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys

by Jie Song, Xavier A. Jimenez, Albert C. To and Yao Fu

Materials 2024, 17(4), 876; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17040876 - 14 Feb 2024

Viewed by 677

Abstract

The 70/30 copper–nickel alloy is used mainly in critical parts with more demanding conditions in marine settings. There is a need for innovative methods that offer fast production and cost-effectiveness in order to supplement current copper–nickel alloy manufacturing processes. In this study, we employ wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to fabricate the 70/30 copper–nickel alloy. The as-built microstructure is characterized by columnar grains with prominent dendrites and chemical segregation in the inter-dendritic area. The aspect ratio of the columnar grain increases with increasing travel speed (TS) at the same wire feed speed (WFS). This is in contrast with the equiaxed grain structure, with a more random orientation, of the conventional sample. The sample built with a WFS of 8 m/min, TS of 1000 mm/min, and a track distance of 3.85 mm exhibits superior corrosion properties in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution when compared with the conventional sample, as evidenced by a higher film resistance and breakdown potential, along with a lower passive current density of the WAAM sample. The corrosion morphology reveals the critical roles played by the nickel element that is unevenly distributed between the dendrite core and inter-dendritic area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Second Volume))

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22 pages, 17872 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Computational Exploration of Phenolic Compounds in Corrosion Inhibition: A Case Study of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol

by Hassane Lgaz and Han-seung Lee

Materials 2023, 16(18), 6159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16186159 - 11 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 917

Abstract

The corrosion of materials remains a critical challenge with significant economic and infrastructural impacts. A comprehensive understanding of adsorption characteristics of phytochemicals can facilitate the effective design of high-performing environmentally friendly inhibitors. This study conducted a computational exploration of hydroxytyrosol (HTR) and tyrosol (TRS) (potent phenolic compounds found in olive leaf extracts), focusing on their adsorption and reactivity on iron surfaces. Utilizing self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum chemical calculations (QCCs), we investigated the molecules’ structural and electronic attributes and interactions with iron surfaces. The SCC-DFTB results highlighted that HTR and TRS coordinated with iron atoms when adsorbed individually, but only HTR maintained bonding when adsorbed alongside TRS. At their individual adsorption, HTR and TRS had interaction energies of −1.874 and −1.598 eV, which became more negative when put together (−1.976 eV). The MD simulations revealed parallel adsorption under aqueous and vacuum conditions, with HTR demonstrating higher adsorption energy. The analysis of quantum chemical parameters, including global and local reactivity descriptors, offered crucial insights into molecular reactivity, stability, and interaction-prone atomic sites. QCCs revealed that the fraction of transferred electron ∆N aligned with SCC-DFTB results, while other parameters of purely isolated molecules failed to predict the same. These findings pave the way for potential advancements in anticorrosion strategies leveraging phenolic compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Second Volume))

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Review

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30 pages, 7029 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Development and Future Trends of Protective Strategies for Magnesium Alloy Vascular Stents

by Dexiao Liu, Ke Yang and Shanshan Chen

Materials 2024, 17(1), 68; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17010068 - 22 Dec 2023

Viewed by 925

Abstract

Magnesium alloy stents have been extensively studied in the field of biodegradable metal stents due to their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability and excellent biomechanical properties. Nevertheless, the specific in vivo service environment causes magnesium alloy stents to degrade rapidly and fail to provide sufficient support for a certain time. Compared to previous reviews, this paper focuses on presenting an overview of the development history, the key issues, mechanistic analysis, traditional protection strategies and new directions and protection strategies for magnesium alloy stents. Alloying, optimizing stent design and preparing coatings have improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy stents. Based on the corrosion mechanism of magnesium alloy stents, as well as their deformation during use and environmental characteristics, we present some novel strategies aimed at reducing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys and enhancing the comprehensive performance of magnesium alloy stents. These strategies include adapting coatings for the deformation of the stents, preparing rapid endothelialization coatings to enhance the service environment of the stents, and constructing coatings with self-healing functions. It is hoped that this review can help readers understand the development of magnesium alloy cardiovascular stents and solve the problems related to magnesium alloy stents in clinical applications at the early implantation stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Second Volume))

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22 pages, 2227 KiB

Open AccessReview

Corrosion Stiction in Automotive Braking Systems

by Michele Motta, Lorenzo Fedrizzi and Francesco Andreatta

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16103710 - 13 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

This review paper targets the corrosion-stiction phenomenon that can occur in automotive braking systems under static conditions in aggressive environments. The corrosion of gray cast iron discs can lead to a strong adhesion of the brake pad at the pad/disc interface that can impair the reliability and performance of the braking system. The main constituents of friction materials are initially reviewed in order to highlight the complexity of a brake pad. Corrosion-related phenomena, including stiction and stick-slip, are considered in detail to discuss the complex effect of the chemical and physical properties of friction materials on these phenomena. In addition, testing methods to evaluate the susceptibility to corrosion stiction are reviewed in this work. Electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are useful tools for a better understanding of corrosion stiction. The development of friction materials with low susceptibility to stiction should follow a complementary approach targeting an accurate selection of the constituents, control of local conditions at the pad–disc interface, and the use of specific additives or surface treatments to reduce the corrosion susceptibility of gray cast-iron rotors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Second Volume))

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