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Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 10360

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ewa Skwarek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Lublin, Poland
Interests: hydroxyapatite; metal oxide; composites; physicochemical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

The main interest of many research centers is the preparation of new, modern, and technologically advanced materials that are cheap, easily available, operate effectively, and minimize process times. This Special Edition, entitled Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials, is devoted to the characterization of new types of materials and their composites’ syntheses and modifications, mainly intended to solve environmental and medical problems. Additive manufacturing is today one of the hottest words in the world of technology for the manufacturing industry. This technology allows for much more effective use of material resources than is the case under conventional methods. Additive manufacturing is a technology that uses 3D printing to build new products "layer by layer".  At the moment, details produced on 3D printers are widely used in medicine and other industries.  Modern coatings are products that use innovative technologies. These coatings perfectly protect against mechanical damage. For example, they can have exceptional hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. They provide very good protection against UV rays, weather conditions, and various types of chemicals. The publication should contain descriptions of the properties and synthesis of modern, innovative materials. In order to improve their functionality, e.g., adsorption capacity, selectivity, and others. Articles containing reviews and research results are welcome.

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coatings
  • additive manufacturing
  • metal oxide
  • composites
  • inorganic materials
  • functionalized materials

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1116 KiB  
Article
Influence of Silicone Additives on the Properties of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
by Karolina Mozelewska and Adrian Krzysztof Antosik
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5713; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15165713 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
Research was carried out on the influence of various silicone compounds on the properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives have good self-adhesive properties and are used in many different industries. However, their thermal resistance is relatively low. In order to improve this [...] Read more.
Research was carried out on the influence of various silicone compounds on the properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives have good self-adhesive properties and are used in many different industries. However, their thermal resistance is relatively low. In order to improve this property, modifications were made to these adhesives. Compositions were tested, such as viscosity or thermogravimetric analysis, as well as tests of finished products in the form of self-adhesive tapes, i.e., peel adhesion, tack, cohesion at room and elevated temperature, SAFT test (Shear Adhesive Failure Temperature), pot-live (viscosity) and shrinkage. During the tests, an increase in thermal resistance (225 °C), lower shrinkage (0.08%), and lower viscosity was achieved (16.5 Pas), which is a positive phenomenon in the technology of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Thanks to this research, the properties of silicone self-adhesive adhesives have been significantly improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials)
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16 pages, 6014 KiB  
Article
Functionalization of Se-Te Nanorods with Au Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Cancer Activities
by Shahin Shah Khan, Irfan Ullah, Shah Zada, Aftab Ahmad, Waqar Ahmad, Haijun Xu, Sadeeq Ullah and Luo Liu
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4813; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15144813 - 10 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1591
Abstract
The use of medical devices for therapeutic and diagnostic purpose is globally increasing; however, bacterial colonization on therapeutic devices can occur, causing severe infections in the human body. It has become an issue for public health. It is necessary to develop a nanomaterial [...] Read more.
The use of medical devices for therapeutic and diagnostic purpose is globally increasing; however, bacterial colonization on therapeutic devices can occur, causing severe infections in the human body. It has become an issue for public health. It is necessary to develop a nanomaterial based on photothermal treatment to kill toxic bacterial strains. Appropriately, high photothermal conversion and low-cost powerful photothermal agents have been investigated. Recently, gold nanocomposites have attracted great interest in biological applications. Here, we prepared rod-shaped Se-Te@Au nanocomposites of about 200 nm with uniform shape and surface-coated with gold nanoparticles for the first time showing high anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Se-Te@Au showed proper structural consistency and natural resistance to bacterial and cancer cells. The strong absorption and high photothermal conversion efficacy made it a good photothermal agent material for the photothermal treatment of bacterial and cancer cells. The Se-Te@Au rod showed excellent anti-bacterial efficacy against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, with highest recorded inhibition zones of 25 ± 2 mm and 22 ± 2 mm, respectively. More than 99% of both types of strains were killed after 5 min with a near-infrared (NIR) laser at the very low concentration of 48 µg/mL. The Se-Te@Au rod’s explosion in HeLa cells was extensively repressed and demonstrated high toxicity at 100 µg/mL for 5 min when subjected to an NIR laser. As a result of its high photothermal characteristics, the exceptional anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of the Se-Te@Au rod are considerably better than those of other methods previously published in articles. This study could open a new framework for sterilization applications on the industrial level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials)
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20 pages, 13693 KiB  
Article
Laser Boronizing of Additively Manufactured 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Part Surface
by Jelena Škamat, Kęstutis Bučelis and Olegas Černašėjus
Materials 2022, 15(13), 4631; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15134631 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1136
Abstract
The problem of insufficient wear resistance of maraging steels (MSt) has so far been solved mainly by the use of the thermochemical nitriding process, which has a number of limitations and disadvantages. In the present work, for MSt parts manufactured by laser powder [...] Read more.
The problem of insufficient wear resistance of maraging steels (MSt) has so far been solved mainly by the use of the thermochemical nitriding process, which has a number of limitations and disadvantages. In the present work, for MSt parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), a more flexible laser alloying process was suggested as an alternative surface hardening process. The purpose of the present work is to give a better understanding on the possible hardening effect obtainable when amorphous boron is used as an alloying additive in relation with microstructural evolution and specific process parameters and to promote further development of this technology. For the alloying, a one kilowatt CO2 laser was applied at 0.5–4.0 mm laser spot and 250–1500 mm/min laser operating speed, providing 50,955–796 W∙cm−2 power density and 24.0–4.0 J∙mm−1 heat input. Before laser processing, surfaces were covered with amorphous boron. The appropriate melt pool geometry was obtained at 0.5 mm laser spot, for which XPS analysis revealed an increase in boron concentration from ~3.1 to ~5.7 wt.% with a laser speed increase from 500 to 1500 mm/min. XRD analysis revealed domination of Fe3B type borides along with the presence of FeB, Fe2B, Ni4B3 borides, austenitic and martensitic phases. The microstructure of modified layers exhibited evolution from hypoeutectic microstructure, having ~630–780 HK0.5 hardness, to superfine lamellar nanoeutectic (~1000–1030 HK0.2) and further to submicron-sized dendritic boride structure (~1770 HK0.2). Aging of laser-boronized layers resulted in the change of phase composition and microstructure, which is mainly expressed in a plenty precipitation of Mo2B5 borides and leads to a reduction in hardness—more significant (by ~200–300 HK0.2) for hypoeutectic and hypereutectic layers and insignificant (by ~50 HK0.2) for near-eutectic. With the application of the laser boronizing technique, the hardness of MSt parts surface was increased up to ~three times before aging and up to ~2.3 times after aging, as compared with the hardness of aged MST part. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials)
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17 pages, 5390 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Biodegradation of a-C:H:SiOx Films on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
by Alexander Grenadyorov, Andrey Solovyev, Konstantin Oskomov, Ekaterina Porokhova, Konstantin Brazovskii, Anna Gorokhova, Temur Nasibov, Larisa Litvinova and Igor Khlusov
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4239; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124239 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1486
Abstract
This paper focuses mainly on the in vitro study of a five-week biodegradation of a-C:H:SiOx films of different thickness, obtained by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate using its pulsed bipolar biasing. In vitro immersion of a-C:H:SiOx films in [...] Read more.
This paper focuses mainly on the in vitro study of a five-week biodegradation of a-C:H:SiOx films of different thickness, obtained by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate using its pulsed bipolar biasing. In vitro immersion of a-C:H:SiOx films in a solution of 0.9% NaCl was used. It is shown how the a-C:H:SiOx film thickness (0.5–3 µm) affects the surface morphology, adhesive strength, and Na+ and Cl− precipitation on the film surface from the NaCl solution. With increasing film thickness, the roughness indices are reducing a little. The adhesive strength of the a-C:H:SiOx films to metal substrate corresponds to quality HF1 (0.5 µm in thickness) and HF2-HF3 (1.5–3 µm in thickness) of the Rockwell hardness test (VDI 3198) that defines strong interfacial adhesion and is usually applied in practice. The morphometric analysis of the film surface shows that on a-C:H:SiOx-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface, the area occupied by the grains of sodium chloride is lower than on the uncoated surface. The reduction in the ion precipitation from 0.9% NaCl onto the film surface depended on the elemental composition of the surface layer conditioned by the thickness growth of the a-C:H:SiOx film. Based on the results of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the multiple regression equations are suggested to explain the effect of the elemental composition of the a-C:H:SiOx film on the decreased Na+ and Cl− precipitation. As a result, the a-C:H:SiOx films successfully combine good adhesion strength and rare ion precipitation and thus are rather promising for medical applications on cardiovascular stents and/or friction parts of heart pumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials)
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18 pages, 10277 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite/Iron Oxide Composite and Comparison of Selected Structural, Surface, and Electrochemical Properties
by Adrianna Biedrzycka, Ewa Skwarek, Dariusz Osypiuk and Beata Cristóvao
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1139; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15031139 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2836
Abstract
The paper presents the synthesis of a hydroxyapatite/iron oxide composite utilizing the wet chemical method, as well as the comparison of several selected material characteristics. As follows from the literature reports, hydroxyapatite is a common mineral possessing numerous significant properties. Nowadays, there is [...] Read more.
The paper presents the synthesis of a hydroxyapatite/iron oxide composite utilizing the wet chemical method, as well as the comparison of several selected material characteristics. As follows from the literature reports, hydroxyapatite is a common mineral possessing numerous significant properties. Nowadays, there is an increase in the amount of research on possible modifications of this compound. The promising way to improve hydroxyapatite features is its combination with iron oxide. Particularly, there can be two forms that are distinguished, namely Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. These oxides exhibit valuable properties, particularly magnetism. A combination of the mentioned materials leads to multifunctional composite formation with many potential applications, as follows from several studies. However, this area of science is not fully developed. There are still many aspects to be examined. The synthesized composite and its components were analyzed by employing the following methods. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed formation of hydroxyapatite and Fe2O3 crystalline phases. Moreover, porosimetry proved a larger specific area for the composite sample in comparison with other materials. The results obtained using the SEM method confirmed an external layer of hydroxyapatite and spherical shapes of internal Fe2O3 particles. Furthermore, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data presented characteristic peaks of Fe, Ca, P, and O atoms in all samples. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra displayed all the specific vibrations typical of the analyzed materials. What is more, the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer method confirmed the paramagnetic nature of the samples. It could be concluded that the synthesized composite has intermediate properties between the components used in the formation process. The results suggest that these composites are superparamagnetic. This type of material architecture would be well suited for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in Chemical Engineering Science: Coatings; Additive Manufacturing, Composites and Inorganic Materials)
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