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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 15755

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Young Kyu Ju

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Guest Editor

School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Building Forensics Center, Korea University, 145 Anam Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Korea
Interests: advanced materials; composite materials; high strength materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High performance in buildings is achieved through a combination of the structure and material. Integrated research into topics such as the use of a variety of high-performance structural materials, including concrete, steel, fiber-reinforced cement, fiber-reinforced plastics, polymer materials, brick materials, and coatings to increase the performance of structures has helped to improve not only structural performance but also durability, resilience, and sustainability.

The goal of the Special Issue is to cover research on, among others, traditional materials and high-performance materials used in buildings and different novel materials used in bridge structures.

More specifically, some of the topics invited include: design of structures using high-performance materials; evaluation of seismic performance to experimentally characterize material performance; seismic retrofit and modular structure using different materials. Material experimental studies that improve the performance of structures are also welcome.

Prof. Young Kyu Ju
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

building structure using high-performance material
performance-based design
resilient-based design
composite structures
earthquake structures
seismic retrofit using different materials (CFRP, GFRP, polymer)
state-of-the-art material and damage

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 14038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation of Wind Pressure Characteristics for Cladding of Dome Roofs

by Dong-Jin Cheon, Yong-Chul Kim, Jong-Ho Lee and Sung-Won Yoon

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5266; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14185266 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1474

Abstract

Cladding for dome roofs is often made of membrane materials that are light and easy to install. Due to these characteristics, wind damage to dome roof cladding is very common. In particular, open or retractable dome roofs are prone to wind damage because of inadequacies in wind load calculations. In this study, the wind pressure characteristics of a dome with a central opening were investigated. Wind tunnel tests were performed, and the pressure distribution was investigated by analyzing external and internal pressure coefficients. Based on the experimental results, the peak net pressure coefficients for the cladding design of a dome roof with a central opening were proposed. For the external peak pressure coefficients, the values of leeward regions were similar despite height–span ratios and turbulence intensity values. For the internal peak pressure coefficients, negative pressure was dominant, and the coefficients were not significantly affected by changes in height–span ratio. This tendency locally increased the negative peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the upward direction, and relatively significantly increased the positive peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the downward direction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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17 pages, 9612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Appropriate Hysteresis Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Existing Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames

by Joo-Ki Son and Chang-Hwan Lee

Materials 2021, 14(3), 524; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14030524 - 22 Jan 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1895

Abstract

Various seismic analysis methods are being used to predict the response of structures to earthquakes. Although nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) is considered an ideal method to represent the most realistic behavior of a structure among these various methods, correct results can be derived only when the analysis model is carefully developed by a knowledgeable person. It is particularly important to properly implement the behavior characteristics depending on the reversed cyclic load in the NDA of a building made of reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames. This study evaluated the hysteresis model suitable for NDA of existing RC moment frames, and 45 analysis models were reviewed, in which the pivot, concrete, and Takeda hysteresis models were applied differently to beams and columns. The pivot model was evaluated as the most reliable hysteresis model for each structural member by comparing and analyzing not only the responses of the entire frame but also the responses of column and beam members focusing on energy dissipation. However, this model can have practical limitations in that the parameters associated with the reinforcement detailing and applied loads need to be defined in detail. The analysis model applying Takeda to the beam, which predicted the average response at a reliable level compared to the reference model, was identified as a practical alternative when it is difficult to apply the pivot model to all frame members. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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22 pages, 6727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Current and New Approaches to Predict the Deflections of One-Way Flexural Members with a Focus on Composite Steel Deck Slabs Voided by Circular Tubes

by Chang-Hwan Lee, Iman Mansouri, Jaehoon Bae and Jaeho Ryu

Materials 2021, 14(2), 421; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020421 - 16 Jan 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1764

Abstract

A new type of composite voided slab, the TUBEDECK (TD), which utilizes the structural function of profiled steel decks, has recently been proposed. Previous studies have confirmed that the flexural strength of TD slabs can be calculated based on the full composite contribution of the steel deck, but for long-span flexural members, the deflection serviceability requirement is often dominant. Herein, we derived a novel deflection prediction approach using the results of flexural tests on slab specimens, focusing on TD slabs. First, deflection prediction based on modifications of the current code was proposed. Results revealed that TD slabs exhibited smaller long-term deflections and at least 10% longer maximum span lengths than solid slabs, indicating their greater efficiency. Second, a novel rational method was derived for predicting deflections without computing the effective moment of inertia. The ultimate deflections predicted by the proposed method correlated closely with the deflection under maximum bending moments. To calculate immediate deflections, variation functions for the concrete strain at the extreme compression fiber and neutral axis depth were assumed with predictions in good agreement with experiments. The proposed procedure has important implications in highlighting a new perspective on the deflection prediction of reinforced concrete and composite flexural members. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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15 pages, 5110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Floor Vibration Experiment and Serviceability Test of iFLASH System

by Jong Ho Lee, Min Jae Park and Sung Won Yoon

Materials 2020, 13(24), 5760; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13245760 - 17 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1646

Abstract

Studies on novel composite structures that can decrease floor height and improve constructional efficiency in order to increase spatial efficiency and lease revenue have been actively conducted. An innovative fire-proof, lightweight, absorbed, shallow, and hybrid (iFLASH) system was developed to solve construction site issues, such as improving constructability, reducing construction time, and attaining structural efficiency by reducing the weight of the building structure. This system can shorten the construction duration and decrease the floor height and structural weight, owing to features such as a low thickness and light weight. However, studies on the vibration characteristics of this new floor system have not been performed yet. As the general thickness of the iFLASH system ranges from 25 to 30 mm, it must have a sufficient floor vibration performance in order to be utilized. To evaluate the floor vibration performance of the iFLASH system, an experiment was performed in two buildings where the system was applied. This paper presents the results of the dynamic characteristics and serviceability testing as basic data for the vibration characteristics of the iFLASH system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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15 pages, 11170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyclic Load Test and Finite Element Analysis of NOVEL Buckling-Restrained Brace

by Robel Wondimu Alemayehu, Youngsik Kim, Jaehoon Bae and Young K. Ju

Materials 2020, 13(22), 5103; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13225103 - 12 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2594

Abstract

Compared to concrete or mortar-filled Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs), all-steel BRBs provide weight and fabrication time reductions. In particular, all-steel buckling braces with H-section cores are gaining attention in cases where large axial strength is required. In this paper, an all-steel BRB, called NOVEL (Noise, CO₂ emission, Vibration, Energy dissipation and Labor), is presented. It comprises an H-section core encased in a square casing, and its behavior was studied through full-scale subassembly and brace tests, followed by a finite element parametric study. Two failure modes were observed: global buckling and flange buckling of the H-section core, which occurred in test specimens with P_cr/P_y ratios of 1.68 and 4.91, respectively. Global buckling occurred when the maximum moment in the casing reached its yielding moment, although the test specimens had sufficient stiffness to prevent global buckling. Failure by core flange buckling occurred at a core strain of 1.2%. The finite element parametric study indicated that adjusting the width-to-thickness ratio of the core flange is more feasible than stiffening the flange or adjusting the unconstrained-length end stiffeners. The value of 5.06 was the minimum flange slenderness ratio that provided a stable hysteresis to the end of the loading protocol of the American Institute of Steel Construction standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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16 pages, 6635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Contact Conductance-Based Thermal Behavior Analytical Model for a Hybrid Floor at Elevated Temperatures

by Min Jae Park, Jeong Ki Min, Jaehoon Bae and Young K. Ju

Materials 2020, 13(19), 4257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13194257 - 24 Sep 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2167

Abstract

Hybrid floors infilled with polymeric materials between two steel plates were developed as a prefabricated floor system in the construction industry. However, the floor’s fire resistance performance has not been investigated. To evaluate this, fire tests suggested by the Korean Standards should be performed. As these tests are costly and time consuming, the number of variables were limited. However, many variables can be investigated in other ways such as furnace tests and finite element analysis (FEA) with less cost and time. In this study, furnace tests on heated surface areas smaller than 1 m² were conducted to investigate the thermal behavior of the hybrid floor at elevated temperatures. To obtain the reliability of the proposed thermal behavior analytical (TBA) model, verifications were conducted by FEAs. Thermal contact conductance including interfacial thermal properties between two materials was adopted in the TBA model, and the values at elevated temperatures were suggested based on thermo-gravimetric analyses results and verified by FEA. Errors between the tests and TBA model indicated that the model was adequate in predicting the temperature distribution in small-scale hybrids. Furthermore, larger furnace tests and analysis results were compared to verify the TBA model’s application to different sized hybrid floors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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22 pages, 10593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyclic Loading Performance of Radius-Cut Double Coke-Shaped Strip Dampers

by Jaehoon Bae, Chang-Hwan Lee, Minjae Park, Robel Wondimu Alemayehu, Jaeho Ryu, Youngsik Kim and Young K. Ju

Materials 2020, 13(18), 3920; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13183920 - 04 Sep 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2565

Abstract

Conventional slit dampers are widely used for the purpose of seismic retrofitting, however, the structure of these dampers is susceptible to fractures, due to stress concentration at the ends of the strips in the event of large earthquakes. To address this issue, a novel radius-cut coke-shaped strip damper featuring improved ductility is proposed herein. This damper was developed based on the moment distribution over the strip when both its ends were constrained. The height-to-width ratio of the strip was increased to induce bending rather than shear deformation, and the reduced beam section method was employed. A radius-cut section was used to intentionally focus the stress to induce the plastic hinge. This reduced the fracture fragility of the specimen, resulting in an increased inelastic deformation capacity. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to verify damping performance against earthquakes. Experiments and finite element analyses proved that the coke-shaped damper exhibits improved ductility. The final fracture occurred in the radius-cut section after sufficient energy dissipation during cyclic loading. The results also indicated further improvements in strength due to the membrane effect under cyclic loading, caused by the tensile resistance of the strip due to its constrained ends. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel High-Performance Building Materials and Structures)

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