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Research and Analysis in Structural Steels
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Research and Analysis in Structural Steels

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 10772

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carlos López-Colina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Construction, Campus de Gijón, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain
Interests: steel structures; steel joints; steel hollow sections; recycled concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steel is the undisputed leading structural material in Mechanical Engineering, and it is one of the two main materials in Civil Engineering structures. Even in reinforced concrete, steel rebars have an essential role by resisting the tensile stresses. Steel is recyclable, and its structures are light and can be designed as demountable and reusable. Although iron and steel have been widely used in structures since the industrial revolution, steel is still a material that has many possibilities for improvement and, therefore, it is suitable to open lines of research about it or to delve into unfinished ones.

This Special Issue aims to investigate steel as a structural material, considering all the possible fields of study: stainless steel, welded joints, high-strength steels, steel rebars, additively manufactured steels, corrosion, etc. These subjects can be studied from different points of view: mechanical, microstructural, material modelling, steel design, etc.

In summary, the present Issue is open to all research pieces involving steel as a structural material in any of its applications and from any of the possible technical or scientific perspectives.

Dr. Carlos López-Colina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural steel
  • welded steel joints
  • steel metallurgy
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • steel rebars
  • material modelling

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 19439 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Quasi-Static Crushing Behaviors of Steel Tubular Structures
by Young IL Park, Jin-Seong Cho and Jeong-Hwan Kim
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15062107 - 12 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1759
Abstract
In this study, a numerical and experimental investigation of the quasi-static crushing behavior of steel tubular structures was conducted. As the crushing failure behavior involves a high level of nonlinearity for the numerical simulations, these were compared with previous experimental works, including crushing [...] Read more.
In this study, a numerical and experimental investigation of the quasi-static crushing behavior of steel tubular structures was conducted. As the crushing failure behavior involves a high level of nonlinearity for the numerical simulations, these were compared with previous experimental works, including crushing tests of steel square tubes to calibrate the numerical results. Six parameters for the numerical simulations, namely (1) loading boundary condition, (2) geometrical imperfection, (3) friction coefficient, (4) element size, (5) element type, and (6) material nonlinearity model, were examined using a series of finite element analyses. Through the sensitivity study for each parameter, the deformation and crushing load of the steel tube were investigated, and the value that best matched the experimental results was selected. The results of the numerical analysis for the determined model were compared with the experimental results. Finally, the authors provided recommendations that should be considered when performing nonlinear finite element simulations of crushing failure events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Analysis in Structural Steels)
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18 pages, 7883 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Bending Moment Capacity of Naturally Corroded Box-Section Beams
by Przemysław Fiołek and Jacek Jakubowski
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195766 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1604
Abstract
The steel constructions of mine shaft steelwork are particularly exposed to aggressive environments, which cause large, nonuniform corrosion loss throughout the steel members. A correct assessment of corrosion loss and load-carrying capacity of shaft steelwork is crucial for its maintenance and safe operation. [...] Read more.
The steel constructions of mine shaft steelwork are particularly exposed to aggressive environments, which cause large, nonuniform corrosion loss throughout the steel members. A correct assessment of corrosion loss and load-carrying capacity of shaft steelwork is crucial for its maintenance and safe operation. In this article, we present the results of laboratory, numerical, and analytical investigations conducted on naturally corroded steel guides disassembled from shaft steelwork. The steel guides considered had a closed profile formed by welding two hot-rolled channel sections. Laboratory bending tests were carried out on beams with various levels of corrosion loss, corresponding to compact, non-compact, and slender cross sections. Multiple detailed measurements of the thicknesses of naturally corroded walls were used in order to reproduce their nonuniform geometry in finite element (FE) models. The results of numerical simulations of five bending tests showed good agreement with laboratory measurements and replicated the observed failure modes, therefore confirming the applicability of this modeling approach for assessing the moment capacity of highly corroded steel beams when the deteriorated geometry is known. For the purpose of generalization, a series of derived models reflecting the natural corrosion pattern was then developed, and moment capacity statistics were collected through multiple simulations. They showed that the mean moment capacity is determined by the mean wall thickness. However, the minimum moment capacity is strongly affected by corrosion loss variation, particularly for the highly corroded beams. A simplified, analytical modeling approach was also examined, providing fairly good assessments of the mean; however, the minimum moment capacity could not be estimated. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the mechanical behavior of highly corroded hot-rolled box-section beams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Analysis in Structural Steels)
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17 pages, 11694 KiB  
Article
Stress Intensity Factor Assessment for the Reinforcement of Cracked Steel Plates Using Prestressed or Non-Prestressed Adhesively Bonded CFRP
by Emilie Lepretre, Sylvain Chataigner, Lamine Dieng and Laurent Gaillet
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1625; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14071625 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
The use of adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials to reinforce cracked steel elements has gained widespread acceptance in order to extend the lifespan of metallic structures. This allows an important reduction of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack [...] Read more.
The use of adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials to reinforce cracked steel elements has gained widespread acceptance in order to extend the lifespan of metallic structures. This allows an important reduction of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip and thus a significant increase of the fatigue life. This paper deals with the assessment of the SIF for repaired cracked steel plates, using semi-empirical analysis and finite element analysis. Metallic plates with only one crack originating from a center hole were investigated. Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was used to define and evaluate the stress intensity factor at crack tip. The obtained modeling results are compared with experimental investigations led by the authors for different reinforcement configurations including symmetrical and non-symmetrical reinforcement, normal modulus and ultra-high-modulus CFRP plates, and pre-stressed CFRP plates. Results show that finite element model (FEM) analysis can obviously simulate the fatigue performance of the CFRP bonded steel plates with different reinforcement configurations. Moreover, a parametric analysis of the influence of the pre-stressing level was also conducted. The results show that an increase of the pre-stressing level results in an increase of the fatigue life of the element. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Analysis in Structural Steels)
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17 pages, 7749 KiB  
Article
Approaches to the Mechanical Properties of Threaded Studs Welded to RHS Columns
by Ismael García, Miguel A. Serrano, Carlos López-Colina, Jesús M. Suárez and Fernando L. Gayarre
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14061429 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1877
Abstract
The use of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) as columns in steel construction includes important advantages like higher mechanical strength and fire resistance. However, the practical demountable bolted joints between beams and columns are not easy to execute, due to impossibility of access to [...] Read more.
The use of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) as columns in steel construction includes important advantages like higher mechanical strength and fire resistance. However, the practical demountable bolted joints between beams and columns are not easy to execute, due to impossibility of access to the inner part of the tube. The use of threaded studs welded to the face of the tube and bolted to the beam by means of angle cleats is one of the cheaper and most efficient solutions to obtain beam–column joints with a semi-rigid behavior, as is usually sought in building structures. Nevertheless, it is important to point out that the stud-diameter and the stud-class selection may affect the mechanical properties of the welded parts of the joint. In this paper, 8MnSi7 (with a commercial designation K800) and 4.8 threaded studs were welded to RHS steel tubes and mechanical properties on the weld, the Heat Affected Zones (HAZ), and the base metal were obtained in two different ways: through a correlation with the Vickers hardness and by means of the Small Punch Test (SPT). A study of the microstructure and tensile tests on the threaded studs and in the columns was also carried out. The research involved different types of stud qualities, tube wall thicknesses, and stud diameters. The work presented in this paper proved that in most cases, the welded joint between these studs and the RHS steel tubes present a reasonable static behavior that fulfils the requirements for the beam–column joints under static loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Analysis in Structural Steels)
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18 pages, 3316 KiB  
Article
Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures for Variable Environmental Conditions Using Genetic Algorithms—Moving towards Sustainability
by Jolanta Dzwierzynska
Materials 2021, 14(5), 1167; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051167 - 02 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
The successful and effective shaping of curvilinear steel bar structures is becoming an increasingly complex and difficult task, due to the growing demands to satisfy both economic and environmental requirements. However, computer software for algorithmic-aided design makes it possible to take into account [...] Read more.
The successful and effective shaping of curvilinear steel bar structures is becoming an increasingly complex and difficult task, due to the growing demands to satisfy both economic and environmental requirements. However, computer software for algorithmic-aided design makes it possible to take into account many aspects affecting structures, as early as the initial design stage. In this context, the paper presents an optimization method for shaping the curvilinear steel bar canopies of hyperbolic paraboloid and cylindroid shapes, in order to obtain effective structures adapted to external environmental conditions. The best structural solutions in terms of the structure’s shape, topology and support positions are obtained as the effects of multi-criteria optimizations with the application of genetic algorithms. The following are used as the optimization criteria: minimal structure mass and minimal deflections of the structure’s members, as well as their maximal utilization. Additionally, the best canopy locations in relation to the sides of the world are determined through analyzing their shadow casts for various locations, so the structures have the least impact on the surroundings. This research, with its interdisciplinary character, aims to present the possibility of applying generative shaping tools to obtain structurally effective and environment-adaptive curvilinear steel bar structures in the first phase of their design, which can support sustainable designing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Analysis in Structural Steels)
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