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Medicina
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Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes
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Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 10392

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anastasia Bougea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1st Department of Neurology, Memory & Movement Disorder Clinic, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: Parkinsonian syndromes; dementias and biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Efthalia Angelopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1st Department of Neurology, Memory & Movement Disorder Clinic, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: Parkinson disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common multi-systemic neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). Atypical Parkinsonism is a less common group of sporadic, neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, but more severe than PD. The most common forms are multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Neuroanatomically, NMS may be subdivided into cortical manifestations (psychosis and cognitive impairment), basal ganglia symptoms (impulse control disorders, apathy, and restlessness or akathisia), brainstem symptoms (depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders), and the peripheral nervous system disturbances (orthostatic hypotension (OH), constipation, pain) and sensory disturbances. NMS is often overlooked by physicians and dismissed by patients making their management difficult, with a major burden for patients and caregivers. Unfortunately, there is very little existing data about NMS, their neurobiology, their potential biomarkers, their monitoring, and their treatment. Moreover, there is a growing evidence of accurate monitoring of NMS by wearables sensors for PD. It is, therefore, essential that researchers and practitioners comprehensively address the factors related to NMS in order to improve quality of life for PD patients.

The aim of this Special Issue is to welcome research articles, opinion/perspective articles, and review articles (narrative review, systematic review, meta-analysis), as well as preclinical studies with animal models.

 All the articles will be subject to peer review to ensure quality publications.

Dr. Anastasia Bougea
Dr. Efthalia Angelopoulou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Parkinson’s disease (PD)
  • non-motor symptoms
  • atypical Parkinsonism
  • genetics
  • biomarkers
  • wearables sensors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 223 KiB  
Editorial
Non-Motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes
by Anastasia Bougea and Efthalia Angelopoulou
Medicina 2024, 60(2), 309; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina60020309 - 11 Feb 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
Parkinsonism is an umbrella term that refers to multisystemic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)

Research

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12 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
Structural and Functional Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
by Halil Güllüoğlu, Duygu Hünerli, Raif Çakmur, Berril Dönmez Çolakoğlu, Emel Ada and Görsev Yener
Medicina 2024, 60(1), 33; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina60010033 - 24 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 998
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) is still not fully elucidated. It has been shown in a few studies in the literature that volume loss in the occipital, parietal and frontal cortices and atrophy in the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) is still not fully elucidated. It has been shown in a few studies in the literature that volume loss in the occipital, parietal and frontal cortices and atrophy in the hippocampus of PD-MCI patients can occur in the early stages of PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gray and white matter volumes and different neuropsychological tests and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging parameters in patients with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six PD-MCI and twenty-six healthy elderly (HC) were included in this study. Results: We found that Mini Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part A, Clock Drawing Test, Benton Line Judgment Orientation Test and pentagon figure-copying scores were impaired in PD-MCI patients due to the decrease in brain volumes. Conclusions: Our study revealed that among PD-MCI patients, there was a more noticeable decline in White matter volume (WMV) based on volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compared to the localized loss of GMV. We think that these abnormal neuropsychological tests in PD-MCI patients can be used as pretests in the evaluation of the stage of transition to dementia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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12 pages, 575 KiB  
Article
Impulse Control Disorders in the Polish Population of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
by Mateusz Toś, Anna Grażyńska, Sofija Antoniuk and Joanna Siuda
Medicina 2023, 59(8), 1468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina59081468 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1101
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. It is characterized by the presence of not only typical motor symptoms but also several less known and aware non-motor symptoms (NMS). The group of disorders [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. It is characterized by the presence of not only typical motor symptoms but also several less known and aware non-motor symptoms (NMS). The group of disorders included in the NMS is Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs). ICDs are a group of disorders in which patients are unable to resist temptations and feel a strong, pressing desire for specific activities such as gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying. The occurrence of ICDs is believed to be associated primarily with dopaminergic treatment, with the use of dopamine agonists (DA), and to a lesser extent with high doses of L-dopa. The aim of our study was to develop a profile of Polish ICDs patients and assess the frequency of occurrence of ICDs, as well as determine the risk factors associated with these disorders against the background of the PD population from other countries. Materials and Methods: Our prospective study included 135 patients with idiopathic PD who were hospitalized between 2020 and 2022 at the Neurological Department of University Central Hospital in Katowice. In the assessment of ICDs, we used the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease (QUIP). Other scales with which we assessed patients with PD were as follows: MDS-UPDRS part III and modified Hoehn–Yahr staging. Clinical data on age, gender, disease duration and onset, motor complications, and medications were collected from electronic records. Results: ICDs were detected in 27.41% of PD patients (binge eating in 12.59%, hypersexuality in 11.11%, compulsive buying in 10.37%, and pathological gambling occurred in only 5.19% of patients. In total, 8.89% had two or more ICDs). The major finding was that ICDs were more common in patients taking DA than in those who did not use medication from this group (83.78% vs. 54.07%, respectively; p = 0.0015). Patients with ICDs had longer disease duration, the presence of motor complications, and sleep disorders. An important finding was also a very low detection of ICDs in a routine medical examination; only 13.51% of all patients with ICDs had a positive medical history of this disorder. Conclusions: ICDs are relatively common in the population of Polish PD patients. The risk factors for developing ICDs include longer duration of the disease, presence of motor complications, sleep disorders, and use of DA and L-dopa. Due to the low detectability of ICDs in routine medical history, it is essential for physicians to pay more attention to the possibility of the occurrence of these symptoms, especially in patients with several risk factors. Further prospective studies on a larger group of PD patients are needed to establish a full profile of Polish PD patients with ICDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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10 pages, 516 KiB  
Article
Clinical Symptoms Influencing Parkinson’s Patients’ Quality of Life in Latvia: A Single-Center Cohort Study
by Olga Minibajeva, Estere Zeltiņa, Guntis Karelis, Nataļja Kurjāne and Viktorija Ķēniņa
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 935; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina59050935 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive illness with a profound impact on health-related quality of life, and it is crucial to know what factors influence the quality of life throughout the course of the disease. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive illness with a profound impact on health-related quality of life, and it is crucial to know what factors influence the quality of life throughout the course of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate PD patients’ motor and non-motor symptoms to compare symptom severity between PD clinical phenotypes and to assess the impact of disease symptoms on quality of life in a cohort of Latvian patients. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 43 patients with Parkinson’s disease. Fourteen patients had tremor dominant (TD) PD, twenty-five patients had postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD), and four patients had a mixed phenotype. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65.21 years, and the disease’s mean duration was 7 years. The most common non-motor symptoms were fatigue (95.3%), sleep disturbance (83.7%), daytime sleepiness (83.7%), and pain and other sensations (81.4%). PIGD patients had a higher prevalence of depressed mood, daytime sleepiness, constipation, lightheadedness on standing, cognitive impairment, and severe gastrointestinal and urinary disturbances (as assessed using the SCOPA-AUT domains) compared with TD patients. A high prevalence of fatigue was assessed in both disease subtypes. Health-related quality of life significantly statistically correlated with MDS-UPDRS parts III and IV (r = 0.704), the Hoehn and Yahr scale (r = 0.723), as well as the SCOPA-AUT scale’s gastrointestinal (r = 0.639), cardiovascular (r = 0.586), thermoregulatory (r = 0.566) and pupillomotor domains (r = 0.597). Conclusions: The severity of motor symptoms, as well as non-motor symptoms, such as fatigue, apathy, sleep problems and daytime sleepiness, pain, and disturbances in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular function, negatively affect PD patients’ health-related quality of life. Thermoregulatory and pupillomotor symptoms also significantly affect PD patients’ well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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9 pages, 1225 KiB  
Article
Cut-Off Value of Voluntary Peak Cough Flow in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Its Association with Severe Dysphagia: A Retrospective Pilot Study
by Kyeong-Woo Lee, Sang-Beom Kim, Jong-Hwa Lee and Seong-Woo Kim
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 921; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina59050921 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1380
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Swallowing and coughing reflexes are both closely associated with airway protection. Peak cough flow (PCF) is associated with dysphagia in several neurogenic diseases. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between PCF and aspiration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives. Swallowing and coughing reflexes are both closely associated with airway protection. Peak cough flow (PCF) is associated with dysphagia in several neurogenic diseases. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between PCF and aspiration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and determine the cut-off value of PCF. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with PD who underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and checked for PCF. A total of 219 patients were divided into an aspiration group (n = 125) and a non-aspiration group (n = 94). Results. Significantly lower PCF values were observed in the aspiration group compared to the non-aspiration group (132.63 ± 83.62 vs. 181.38 ± 103.92 L/min, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a PCF cut-off value of 153 L/min (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.648; sensitivity, 73.06%; specificity, 51.06%) was associated with aspiration in PD. Additionally, a univariate analysis showed that the male sex, lower body mass indexes, higher Hoehn and Yahr scales, and PCF values of ≤153 L/min indicated an increased risk of aspiration. Conclusions. Through a multivariate analysis, we demonstrated that a PCF value ≤153 L/min was associated with an increased risk of aspiration (odds ratio 3.648; 1.797–7.407), highlighting that a low PCF is a risk factor for aspiration in patients with PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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9 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
Impact of Depression on Cognitive Function and Disease Severity in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia Patients: One-Center Data in Cross-Sectional Study
by Vlada Meļņikova, Ramona Valante, Solveiga Valtiņa-Briģe and Ināra Logina
Medicina 2022, 58(12), 1793; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina58121793 - 05 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1210
Abstract
Background: Cervical dystonia is a highly disabling hyperkinetic movement disorder with a lot of nonmotor symptoms. One symptom with a high prevalence is depression, which may negatively affect dystonia patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of depression on [...] Read more.
Background: Cervical dystonia is a highly disabling hyperkinetic movement disorder with a lot of nonmotor symptoms. One symptom with a high prevalence is depression, which may negatively affect dystonia patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of depression on disease severity and cognitive functions in cervical dystonia patients. Methods: Patients with cervical dystonia were interviewed and divided into two groups, based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: those with no depression or mild depressive features and those with moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression. The severity of dystonia and cognitive functions were assessed and compared in both groups. Results: A total of 52 patients were investigated. Self-assessment of the disease was more negative in clinically significant depressive signs group (p = 0.004), with a tendency for patients with clinically significant depressive features to have a slightly higher score on objective dystonia scales (TSUI and TWSTRS), but without statistically significant differences (p = 0.387 and p = 0.244, respectively). Although not statistically significant, a slightly higher MoCA scale score was registered in cervical dystonia patients with clinically insignificant depressive signs. There was a tendency for worse results in the abstraction category in patients with clinically significant depression (p = 0.056). Conclusions: Patients with clinically significant depression have a more negative self-assessment of the disease and perform worse in abstraction tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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Review

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15 pages, 1895 KiB  
Review
Migraine, Tension-Type Headache and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Efthalia Angelopoulou, Andreas Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Spantideas and Anastasia Bougea
Medicina 2022, 58(11), 1684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina58111684 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2482
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The relationship between migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is controversial, while a common pathophysiological link remains obscure. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between PD, migraine and TTH. Materials and [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The relationship between migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is controversial, while a common pathophysiological link remains obscure. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between PD, migraine and TTH. Materials and Methods: Following PRISMA, we searched MEDLINE, WebofScience, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 1 July 2022 for observational studies examining the prevalence and/or associations of PD with migraine and TTH. We pooled proportions, standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (OR) with random effects models. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (PROSPERO CRD42021273238). Results: Out of 1031 screened studies, 12 were finally included in our review (median quality score 6/9). The prevalence of any headache among PD patients was estimated at 49.1% (760 PD patients; 95% CI 24.8–73.6), migraine prevalence at 17.2% (1242 PD patients; 95% CI 9.9–25.9), while 61.5% (316 PD patients; 95% CI 52.6–70.1) of PD patients with migraine reported headache improvement after PD onset. Overall, migraine was not associated with PD (302,165 individuals; ORpooled = 1.11; 95% CI 0.72–1.72).However, cohort studies demonstrated a positive association of PD among lifetime migraineurs (143,583 individuals; ORpooled = 1.54, 95% CI 1.28–1.84), while studies on 12-month migraine prevalence yielded an inverse association (5195 individuals; ORpooled = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.97). Similar findings were reported by 3 studies with data on the TTH-PD relationship (high prevalence, positive association when examined prospectively and an inverse relationship on 12-month prevalence). These data were not quantitatively synthesized due to methodological differences among the studies. Finally, PD patients suffering from any headache had a lower motor unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) score (503 PD patients; SMD −0.39; 95% CI −0.57 to −0.21) compared to PD patients not reporting headache. There is an unclear association of headaches in genetic PD cohorts. Conclusions: Observational data suggest that migraine and TTH could be linked to PD, but the current literature is conflicting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-motor Disorders in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes)
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