Therapeutic Options and Clinical Management of Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 163
Special Issue Editors
2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: Graves’ disease; hyperthyroidism; GD extrathyroidal manifestations; thyroid autoimmunity; thyroid disease; Graves’ orbitopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
2. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: thyroid; autoimmune thyroiditis; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; Graves' disease; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immune-related adverse events
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland. Being the most common cause of Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH), the prevalence of GD is ~1.2% around the world, and the incidence is 20 to 40 new cases/100,000/year, with a lifetime risk of 3% for women and 0.5% for men.
The main pathogenetic mechanism of GD is the stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R), regardless of pituitary control, by autoantibodies that act as agonists, promoting thyrocyte proliferation and activity. The complex pathogenetic interplay of GD includes genetic and environmental factors, namely familial clustering, major stress experiences, high iodine intake, oxidative stress, and smoking. Although the exact mechanism is still elusive, new advances over the last few years have provided evidence on the role of the microbiota as well as the polymorphisms of several elements involved in the immune checkpoint and immune response regulation, such as PTPN22, CTLA-4, CD-40, and FCRL3. Furthermore, antigen-specific immunotherapy with a combination of two TSH-R peptides has recently been proposed.
This Special Issue will include original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and opinion articles to overview the most recent basic and clinical research on GD pathogenesis and therapeutic options.
Dr. Giulia Lanzolla
Dr. Nicola Viola
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- Graves’ disease
- TSH-R
- TSH-R Abs
- TSH-receptor-specific monoclonal antibody
- anti-CD-40 monoclonal antibody
- antigen-specific immunotherapy
