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Medicina
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Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases
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Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 10087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Susana del Olmo Aguado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega. Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica & Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: retinal diseases; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection; glaucoma; AMD
Dr. Ignacio Alcalde

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega. Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica & Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: neurobiology; nerve regeneration; aging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Retinal research has developed considerably in the most recent years, enabling a better understanding of retinal diseases. Promising avenues have been opened through the identification of new targets and approaches to strategies of treatment.

Due to the complex nature of retinal pathologies, multidisciplinary approaches must be enforced to provide solutions, since retinal problems seem to have mixed etiological origins. Advances from cell biology to engineering, new materials, drug delivery, electrophysiology, and pharmacology are completing the map to defeat visual impairment.

This Special Issue explores the latest advances in the field of therapies in retinal diseases. Submissions of clinical and experimental research are equally encouraged. Systematic reviews on the topic are welcome.

Dr. Susana del Olmo Aguado
Dr. Ignacio Alcalde
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Retinal diseases
  • Neuroprotection
  • Gene therapy
  • Photobiomodulation
  • Nanoengineering Drug delivery
  • Regenerative medicine
  • New pharmacological approaches

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Sequential PBM–Saffron Treatment in an Animal Model of Retinal Degeneration
by Mattia Di Paolo
Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57101059 - 03 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Saffron treatment and photobiomodulation (PBM) are non-invasive therapeutic approaches able to mitigate and stabilize retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although different, these therapies partially match their modulated pattern of genes. Recent attempts to find an additive [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Saffron treatment and photobiomodulation (PBM) are non-invasive therapeutic approaches able to mitigate and stabilize retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although different, these therapies partially match their modulated pattern of genes. Recent attempts to find an additive effect by coadministration of saffron and PBM have failed. Instead, in this study, a different protocol to increase neuroprotection by providing consecutive saffron and PBM treatment administration is suggested. Materials and Methods: Albino rats, whose retinal damage was caused by light exposure (LD, light damage), were subjected to differential treatment protocols before and after LD: (1) PBM followed by saffron; and (2) single treatments of PBM. Thinning of the photoreceptor layer and neuro-inflammatory markers for gliosis and microglia were assessed via immune-histochemical techniques. Results: Results confirm that PBM and saffron alone cope with retinal neurodegenerative processes, preserving retinal thickness and gliosis and microglia invasion in a differential way. However, the synergistic effect of the combined treatment was restricted to the early neuroinflammation, even when provided sequentially. Conclusion: The broad spectra of action of both neuroprotectants require further investigation to identify other key pathways helpful in enhancing the effects of these two approaches in combination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases)
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11 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 Gene Polymorphism Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Anti-VEGF Treatment
by Ruta Mockute, Alvita Vilkeviciute, Vilma Jurate Balciuniene, Reda Zemaitiene and Rasa Liutkeviciene
Medicina 2021, 57(9), 974; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57090974 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2117
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathophysiology is multifactorial, as it consists of interactions between aging, genetic, and environmental factors. We aimed to determine a relationship between AMD and the genes controlling lipid metabolism, and to assess its association with [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathophysiology is multifactorial, as it consists of interactions between aging, genetic, and environmental factors. We aimed to determine a relationship between AMD and the genes controlling lipid metabolism, and to assess its association with treatment results. The purpose was to find the ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene polymorphisms in patients with exudative AMD (eAMD) treated with anti-VEGF. Materials and Methods: The study enroled 104 patients with eAMD and 201 healthy persons in a control group. The genotyping of rs1883025 and rs2108622 was performed using the RT-PCR method. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured before anti-VEGF therapy, then at three and six months during the therapy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patients were grouped to responders and non-responders according to the changes in BCVA and CRT. Results: The T allele at rs1883025 was more frequent in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients (41.7% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.009). The analysis of rs2108622 gene polymorphism did not reveal any differences in the distribution of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes between the eAMD group and the control group (56.35%, 39.78%, and 3.87% in the eAMD group and 53.33%, 39.05% and 7.62% in the control group, respectively, p = 0.286). The comparison of CRT and BCVA between the rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The rs1883025 T allele was found to play a more significant role in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients. The rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases)
17 pages, 390 KiB  
Article
Preventive Analgesia, Hemodynamic Stability, and Pain in Vitreoretinal Surgery
by Michał Jan Stasiowski, Aleksandra Pluta, Anita Lyssek-Boroń, Magdalena Kawka, Lech Krawczyk, Ewa Niewiadomska, Dariusz Dobrowolski, Robert Rejdak, Seweryn Król, Jakub Żak, Izabela Szumera, Anna Missir, Przemysław Jałowiecki and Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
Medicina 2021, 57(3), 262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57030262 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) is most commonly performed under regional anaesthesia (RA), in patients who might be unable to cooperate during prolonged procedures, general anaesthesia (GA) with intraprocedural use of opioid analgesics (OA) might be worth considering. It seems that [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Although vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) is most commonly performed under regional anaesthesia (RA), in patients who might be unable to cooperate during prolonged procedures, general anaesthesia (GA) with intraprocedural use of opioid analgesics (OA) might be worth considering. It seems that the surgical pleth index (SPI) can be used to optimise the intraprocedural titration of OA, which improves haemodynamic stability. Preventive analgesia (PA) is combined with GA to minimise intraprocedural OA administration. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the benefit of PA combined with GA using SPI-guided fentanyl (FNT) administration on the incidences of PIPP (postprocedural intolerable pain perception) and haemodynamic instability in patients undergoing VRS (p < 0.05). We randomly assigned 176 patients undergoing VRS to receive GA with SPI-guided FNT administration alone (GA group) or with preventive topical 2% proparacaine (topical anaesthesia (TA) group), a preprocedural peribulbar block (PBB) using 0.5% bupivacaine with 2% lidocaine (PBB group), or a preprocedural intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of metamizole (M group) or 1.0 g of paracetamol (P group). Results: Preventive PBB reduced the intraprocedural FNT requirement without influencing periprocedural outcomes (p < 0.05). Intraprocedural SPI-guided FNT administration during GA resulted in PIPP in 13.5% of patients undergoing VRS and blunted the periprocedural effects of preventive intravenous and regional analgesia with respect to PIPP and haemodynamic instability. Conclusions: SPI-guided FNT administration during GA eliminated the benefits of preventive analgesia in the PBB, TA, M, and P groups following VRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases)

Review

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9 pages, 626 KiB  
Review
Human Stem Cell Transplantation for Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Where Are We Now?
by Ignacio Alcalde, Cristina Sánchez-Fernández, Carla Martín, Nagore De Pablo, Nahla Jemni-Damer, Gustavo V. Guinea, Jesús Merayo-Lloves and Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
Medicina 2022, 58(1), 102; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina58010102 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2958
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Irreversible visual impairment is mainly caused by retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Stem cell research has experienced rapid progress in recent years, and researchers and clinical ophthalmologists are trying to implement this promising [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Irreversible visual impairment is mainly caused by retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Stem cell research has experienced rapid progress in recent years, and researchers and clinical ophthalmologists are trying to implement this promising technology to treat retinal degeneration. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze currently available data from clinical trials applying stem cells to treat human retinal diseases. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed to identify articles related with stem cell therapies to retinal diseases published prior to September 2021. Furthermore, a systematic search in ClinicalTrials (NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine) was performed to identify clinical trials using stem cells to treat retinal diseases. A descriptive analysis of status, conditions, phases, interventions, and outcomes is presented here. Conclusions: To date, no available therapy based on stem cell transplantation is approved for use with patients. However, numerous clinical trials are currently finishing their initial phases and, in general, the outcomes related to implantation techniques and their long-term safety seem promising. In the next few years, we expect to see quantifiable results pertaining to visual function improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Therapies for Retinal Diseases)
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