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16 pages, 3227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Microspheres Enhance Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption Properties

by Bingxue Lv, Jiahao Ren, Yang Chen, Siyu Guo, Minqian Wu and Lijun You

Molecules 2022, 27(15), 4686; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27154686 - 22 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1340

In this study, a polysaccharide-based hydrogel microsphere (SFP/SA) was prepared using S. fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) and sodium alginate (SA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated that SFP was effectively loaded onto the hydrogel microsphere. Texture profile analysis (TPA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [...] Read more.

In this study, a polysaccharide-based hydrogel microsphere (SFP/SA) was prepared using S. fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) and sodium alginate (SA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated that SFP was effectively loaded onto the hydrogel microsphere. Texture profile analysis (TPA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that, with the increase of SFP concentration, the hardness of SFP/SA decreased, while the springiness and cohesiveness of SFP/SA increased, and the thermal stability of SFP/SA improved. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SFP/SA increased from 8.20 mg/g (without SFP) to 67.95 mg/g (SFP accounted 80%) without swelling, and from 35.05 mg/g (without SFP) to 81.98 mg/g (SFP accounted 80%) after 24 h swelling. The adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye by SFP/SA followed pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics (both with R² > 0.99). The diffusion of intraparticle in CV dye was not the only influencing factor. Moreover, the adsorption of CV dye for SFP/SA (SFP accounted 60%) fit the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. SFP/SA exhibited good regenerative adsorption capacity. Its adsorption rate remained at > 97% at the 10th consecutive cycle while SFP accounted for 80%. The results showed that the addition of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide could increase the springiness, cohesiveness and thermal stability of the hydrogel microsphere, as well as improve the adsorption capacity of crystal violet dye. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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15 pages, 2380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Screening and Characterization of Two Extracellular Polysaccharide-Producing Bacteria from the Biocrust of the Mu Us Desert

by Zhanfang Xue, Shuting Zhao, Nomin Bold, Jianguo Zhang, Zhimin Hu, Xiaofeng Hu, Ying Gao, Shaolin Chen and Yahong Wei

Molecules 2021, 26(18), 5521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26185521 - 11 Sep 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1857

Abstract

The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix embedding microbial cells and soil particles plays an important role in the development of biological soil crusts (BSCs), which is widely recognized as beneficial to soil fertility in dryland worldwide. This study examined the EPS-producing bacterial strains YL24-1 [...] Read more.

The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix embedding microbial cells and soil particles plays an important role in the development of biological soil crusts (BSCs), which is widely recognized as beneficial to soil fertility in dryland worldwide. This study examined the EPS-producing bacterial strains YL24-1 and YL24-3 isolated from sandy soil in the Mu Us Desert in Yulin, Shaanxi province, China. The strains YL24-1 and YL24-3 were able to efficiently produce EPS; the levels of EPS were determined to be 257.22 μg/mL and 83.41 μg/mL in cultures grown for 72 h and were identified as Sinorhizobium meliloti and Pedobacter sp., respectively. When the strain YL24-3 was compared to Pedobacter yulinensis YL28-9^T using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the resemblance was 98.6% and the strain was classified as Pedobacter sp. using physiological and biochemical analysis. Furthermore, strain YL24-3 was also identified as a subspecies of Pedobacter yulinensis YL28-9^T on the basis of DNA–DNA hybridization and polar lipid analysis compared with YL28-9^T. On the basis of the EPS-related genes of relevant strains in the GenBank, several EPS-related genes were cloned and sequenced in the strain YL24-1, including those potentially involved in EPS synthesis, assembly, transport, and secretion. Given the differences of the strains in EPS production, it is possible that the differences in gene sequences result in variations in the enzyme/protein activities for EPS biosynthesis, assembly, transport, and secretion. The results provide preliminary evidence of various contributions of bacterial strains to the formation of EPS matrix in the Mu Us Desert. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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20 pages, 12153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of the Primary Structure of Selenium-Containing Polysaccharides Selectively Inhibiting T-Cell Proliferation

by Marzenna Klimaszewska, Sabina Górska, Grzegorz Łapienis, Beata Kaleta, Sandra Górska, Marta Kaszowska, Maciej Dawidowski, Andrzej Gamian, Radoslaw Zagożdżon, Andrzej Górski and Jadwiga Turło

Molecules 2021, 26(17), 5404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26175404 - 06 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2581

Abstract

We previously described the biosynthesis, isolation, and immunosuppressive activity of the selenium-containing polysaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelial culture of Lentinula edodes. Structural studies have shown that the fraction was a protein-containing mixture of high molar mass polysaccharides α- and β-glucans. However, [...] Read more.

We previously described the biosynthesis, isolation, and immunosuppressive activity of the selenium-containing polysaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelial culture of Lentinula edodes. Structural studies have shown that the fraction was a protein-containing mixture of high molar mass polysaccharides α- and β-glucans. However, which of the components of the complex fraction is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity non-typical for polysaccharides of fungal origin has not been explained. In the current study, we defined four-polysaccharide components of the Se-containing polysaccharide fraction determined their primary structure and examined the effect on T- and B-cell proliferation. The isolated Se-polysaccharides, α-1,4-glucan (M_w 2.25 × 10⁶ g/mol), unbranched β-1,6-d-glucan, unbranched β-1,3-d-glucan and β-1,3-branched β-1,6-d-glucan (M_w 1.10 × 10⁵ g/mol), are not typical as components of the cell wall of L. edodes. All are biologically active, but the inhibitory effect of the isolated polysaccharides on lymphocyte proliferation was weaker, though more selective than that of the crude fraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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14 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Antisteatotic Activities of Fucoidan Fractions from Marine and Terrestrial Sources

by Zeinab El Rashed, Giulio Lupidi, Elena Grasselli, Laura Canesi, Hala Khalifeh and Ilaria Demori

Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4467; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26154467 - 24 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2176

Abstract

Fucoidan is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide typically found in the cell wall of marine algae but also recently isolated from terrestrial sources. Due to a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant properties, fucoidan exhibits an attractive therapeutic potential against a wide array of [...] Read more.

Fucoidan is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide typically found in the cell wall of marine algae but also recently isolated from terrestrial sources. Due to a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant properties, fucoidan exhibits an attractive therapeutic potential against a wide array of metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress. We used FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structural features of a fucoidan fraction extracted from the brown alga Cystoseira compressa (CYS). The antioxidant potential of CYS was measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, which revealed a radical scavenging capacity that was confirmed in in vitro cellular models of hepatic and endothelial cells. The same antioxidant effects were observed for another fucoidan fraction previously identified in the terrestrial tree Eucalyptus globulus (EUC). Moreover, in hepatic cells, CYS and EUC exhibited a significant antisteatotic action, being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content through the regulation of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism. EUC exerted stronger antioxidant and antisteatotic effects as compared to CYS, suggesting that both marine and terrestrial sources should be considered for fucoidan extraction and therapeutic applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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11 pages, 2035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Characterization of a Polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata and Its Bioactivity on Gut Microbiota

by Jiangyan Huo, Min Lei, Feifei Li, Jinjun Hou, Zijia Zhang, Huali Long, Xianchun Zhong, Yameng Liu, Cen Xie and Wanying Wu

Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4443; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26154443 - 23 Jul 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2957

Abstract

A novel homogeneous polysaccharide named GEP-1 was isolated and purified from Gastrodia elata (G. elata) by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and membrane separator. GEP-1, which has a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa, contains a polysaccharide framework comprised of only glucose. [...] Read more.

A novel homogeneous polysaccharide named GEP-1 was isolated and purified from Gastrodia elata (G. elata) by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and membrane separator. GEP-1, which has a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa, contains a polysaccharide framework comprised of only glucose. Methylation and NMR analysis showed that GEP-1 contained 1,3,6-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-β-Glcp and 1,4,6-linked-α-Glcp. Interestingly, GEP-1 contained citric acid and repeating p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as one branch. Furthermore, a bioactivity test showed that GEP-1 could significantly promote the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L.paracasei) strains. These results implied that GEP-1 might be useful for human by modulating gut microbiota. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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12 pages, 17873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isolation, Physicochemical Properties, and Structural Characteristics of Arabinoxylan from Hull-Less Barley

by Haoyingye Yao, Yuxiao Wang, Junyi Yin, Shaoping Nie and Mingyong Xie

Molecules 2021, 26(10), 3026; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26103026 - 19 May 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2470

Abstract

Arabinoxylan (HBAX-60) was fractioned from alkaline-extracted arabinoxylan (HBAX) in the whole grain of hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f. Poaceae) by 60% ethanol precipitation, which was studied for physicochemical properties and structure elucidation. Highly purified HBAX-60 mainly composed [...] Read more.

Arabinoxylan (HBAX-60) was fractioned from alkaline-extracted arabinoxylan (HBAX) in the whole grain of hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f. Poaceae) by 60% ethanol precipitation, which was studied for physicochemical properties and structure elucidation. Highly purified HBAX-60 mainly composed of arabinose (40.7%) and xylose (59.3%) was created. The methylation and NMR analysis of HBAX-60 indicated that a low-branched β-(1→4)-linked xylan backbone possessed un-substituted (1,4-linked β-Xylp, 36.2%), mono-substituted (β-1,3,4-linked Xylp, 5.9%), and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-Xylp, 12.1%) xylose units as the main chains, though other residues (α-Araf-(1→, β-Xylp-(1→, α-Araf-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→ or β-Xylp-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→) were also determined. Additionally, HBAX-60 exhibited random coil conformation in a 0.1 M NaNO₃ solution. This work provides the properties and structural basis of the hull-less barley-derived arabinoxylan, which facilitates further research for exploring the structure–function relationship and application of arabinoxylan from hull-less barley. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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14 pages, 19492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Curcumin Addition on the Properties of Biodegradable Pectin/Chitosan Films

by Qingtong Xie, Xudong Zheng, Liuting Li, Liqun Ma, Qihui Zhao, Shiyuan Chang and Lijun You

Molecules 2021, 26(8), 2152; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26082152 - 08 Apr 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2847

Abstract

A pectin/chitosan matrix-loaded curcumin film (PCCF) with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the solvent and plasticizer was prepared in this study. Different quantities of curcumin (identified as PCCF-0, PCCF-1, PCCF-2. PCCF-3) were loaded on the pectin/chitosan film in order to evaluate their [...] Read more.

A pectin/chitosan matrix-loaded curcumin film (PCCF) with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the solvent and plasticizer was prepared in this study. Different quantities of curcumin (identified as PCCF-0, PCCF-1, PCCF-2. PCCF-3) were loaded on the pectin/chitosan film in order to evaluate their effects on the film properties. Results showed that curcumin could interact with the pectin/chitosan matrix and form a complex three-dimensional network structure. PCCF could promote the thickness, tensile strength, thermal properties, antioxidant and antiseptic capacities, but deteriorate the light transmission and elongation at the same time. The addition of curcumin would change the color of the film, without significantly affecting the moisture content. The tensile strength of PCCF-3 reached the maximum value of 3.75 MPa, while the elongation decreased to 10%. Meanwhile, the water-resistance properties of PCCF-3 were significantly promoted by 8.6% compared with that of PCCF-0. Furthermore, PCCF showed remarkable sustained antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. PCCF-3 could inhibit DPPH and ABTS free radicals by 58.66% and 29.07%, respectively. It also showed antiseptic capacity on fresh pork during storage. Therefore, curcumin addition could improve the barrier, mechanical, antioxidant and antiseptic properties of the polysaccharide-based film and PCCF has the potential to be used as a new kind of food packaging material in the food industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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Review

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36 pages, 20507 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers—Between Myth and Reality

by Maroua Drira, Faiez Hentati, Olga Babich, Stanislas Sukhikh, Viktoria Larina, Sana Sharifian, Ahmad Homaei, Imen Fendri, Marco F. L. Lemos, Carina Félix, Rafael Félix, Slim Abdelkafi and Philippe Michaud

Molecules 2021, 26(23), 7068; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26237068 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3460

Abstract

Polysaccharides are complex macromolecules long regarded as energetic storage resources or as components of plant and fungal cell walls. They have also been described as plant mucilages or microbial exopolysaccharides. The development of glycosciences has led to a partial and difficult deciphering of [...] Read more.

Polysaccharides are complex macromolecules long regarded as energetic storage resources or as components of plant and fungal cell walls. They have also been described as plant mucilages or microbial exopolysaccharides. The development of glycosciences has led to a partial and difficult deciphering of their other biological functions in living organisms. The objectives of glycobiochemistry and glycobiology are currently to correlate some structural features of polysaccharides with some biological responses in the producing organisms or in another one. In this context, the literature focusing on bioactive polysaccharides has increased exponentially during the last two decades, being sometimes very optimistic for some new applications of bioactive polysaccharides, notably in the medical field. Therefore, this review aims to examine bioactive polysaccharide, taking a critical look of the different biological activities reported by authors and the reality of the market. It focuses also on the chemical, biochemical, enzymatic, and physical modifications of these biopolymers to optimize their potential as bioactive agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Identification and Applications of Polysaccharides)

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