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Molecules
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Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0
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Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 9285

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jwo-Huei Jou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
Interests: high-efficiency; long lifetime; natural-light-style and omni friendly organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mangey Ram Nagar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Interests: high-efficiency OLED; lifetime; TADF; metal-oxides; deep blue OLED

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have seen rapid development and market growth, and have become leading technologies for displays and eco-friendly lighting sources thanks to their outstanding features (planar, soft, transparent, fully dimmable, flexible, spectrum tailorable, natural light style, human-friendly, energy-saving, etc.). Numerous materials, device architectures, and processing techniques have been explored, not only to stimulate commercialization but also to provide better display and illumination products to the world. However, there is large research scope to cover with a more competitive OLED technology from a lighting perspective. Hence, this Special Issue aims to gather the latest significant advances from OLED researchers and experts across the scientific community. This Special Issue will provide a platform for key aspects, such as the latest design strategy of blue organic materials, synthesis processes, approaches for the fabrication of blue OLEDs, high-quality lighting sources, and approaches for high-efficiency and long-lifetime devices. Research articles may also cover the following areas: efficient OLED materials, efficient OLED devices, light extraction techniques for OLEDs, the status of white light, PM-OLEDs, AM-OLEDs, OLEDs for signage, tandem OLEDs, transparent/flexible/wearable OLEDs, etc.

Prof. Dr. Jwo-Huei Jou
Dr. Mangey Ram Nagar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • OLED
  • emitters
  • hosts
  • device
  • TADF
  • high efficiency
  • lifetime
  • light extraction
  • hyperfluorescent
  • exciplex
  • OLED for displays and lighting
  • OLED for medical
  • deep blue
  • NIR OLED
  • flexible
  • transparent
  • TTF/TTA
  • HLCT
  • AIE
  • degradation mechanism
  • candlelight OLED
  • rhythmic lighting
  • blue hazards free OLED
  • sunlight style OLED

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1814 KiB  
Communication
Di(arylcarbazole) Substituted Oxetanes as Efficient Hole Transporting Materials with High Thermal and Morphological Stability for OLEDs
by Daiva Tavgeniene, Baohua Zhang and Saulius Grigalevicius
Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules28052282 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1261
Abstract
A group of di(arylcarbazole)-substituted oxetanes has been prepared in Suzuki reactions by using the key starting material 3,3-di[3-iodocarbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane and various boronic acids (fluorophenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid or naphthalene-1-boronic acid). Full characterization of their structure has been presented. The low molar mass compounds represent [...] Read more.
A group of di(arylcarbazole)-substituted oxetanes has been prepared in Suzuki reactions by using the key starting material 3,3-di[3-iodocarbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane and various boronic acids (fluorophenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid or naphthalene-1-boronic acid). Full characterization of their structure has been presented. The low molar mass compounds represent materials having high thermal stability with 5% mass loss thermal degradation temperatures in the range of 371–391 °C. Glass transition temperatures of the materials are also very high and range from 107 °C to 142 °C, which is a big advantage for formation of stable amorphous layers for optoelectronic devices, i.e., organic light emitting diodes. Hole transporting properties of the prepared materials were confirmed in formed organic light emitting diodes with tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminium (Alq3) as a green emitter, which also served as an electron transporting layer. In the device’s materials, 3,3-di[3-phenylcarbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (5) and 3,3-di[3-(1-naphthyl)carbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (6) demonstrated superior hole transporting properties than that of material 3,3-di[3-(4-flourophenyl)carbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (4) based device. When material 5 was used in the device structure, the OLED demonstrated rather low turn-on voltage of 3.7 V, luminous efficiency of 4.2 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W and maximal brightness exceeding 11670 cd/m2. HTL of 6 based device also showed exclusive OLED characteristics. The device was characterized by turn-on voltage of 3.4 V, maximum brightness of 13193 cd/m2, luminous efficiency of 3.8 cd/A and power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W. An additional hole injecting-transporting layer (HI-TL) of PEDOT considerably improved functions of the device with HTL of compound 4. The modified OLED with a layer of the derivative 4 demonstrated exclusive characteristics with turn-on voltage of 3.9 V, high luminous efficiency of 4.7 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W and maximal brightness exceeding 21,000 cd/m2. These observations confirmed that the prepared materials have a big potential in the field of optoelectronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0)
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10 pages, 2383 KiB  
Article
Robust Laminated Anode with an Ultrathin Titanium Nitride Layer for High-Efficiency Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
by Jia-Heng Cai, Qi-Sheng Tian, Xiao-Zhao Zhu, Zhi-Hao Qu, Wei He, Dong-Ying Zhou and Liang-Sheng Liao
Molecules 2022, 27(17), 5723; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27175723 - 05 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2014
Abstract
The effective reflective anode remains a highly desirable component for the fabrication of reliable top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TE-OLEDs) which have the potential to be integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for microdisplays. This work demonstrates a novel laminated anode consisting of a [...] Read more.
The effective reflective anode remains a highly desirable component for the fabrication of reliable top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TE-OLEDs) which have the potential to be integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for microdisplays. This work demonstrates a novel laminated anode consisting of a Cr/Al/Cr multilayer stack. Furthermore, we implement an ultra-thin titanium nitride (TiN) layer as a protective layer on the top of the Cr/Al/Cr composite anode, which creates a considerably reflective surface in the visible range, and meanwhile improves the chemical stability of the electrode against the atmosphere or alkali environment. Based on [2-(2-pyridinyl-N)phenyl-C](acetylacetonate)iridium(III) as green emitter and Mg/Ag as transparent cathode, our TE-OLED using the TiN-coated anode achieves the maximum current efficiency of 71.2 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency of 66.7 lm/W, which are 81% and 90% higher than those of the reference device without TiN, respectively. The good device performance shows that the Cr/Al/Cr/TiN could function as a promising reflective anode for the high-resolution microdisplays on CMOS circuits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0)
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9 pages, 2257 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Passivated Red Organic LEDs with Prolonged Operation and Storage Lifetime
by Dan-Dan Feng, Shuang-Qiao Sun, Wei He, Jun Wang, Xiao-Bo Shi and Man-Keung Fung
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 2607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27092607 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1527
Abstract
In addition to mobile and TV displays, there is a trend of organic LEDs being applied in niche markets, such as microdisplays, automobile taillights, and photobiomodulation therapy. These applications mostly do not require to be flexible in form but need to have long [...] Read more.
In addition to mobile and TV displays, there is a trend of organic LEDs being applied in niche markets, such as microdisplays, automobile taillights, and photobiomodulation therapy. These applications mostly do not require to be flexible in form but need to have long operation lifetimes and storage lifespans. Using traditional glass encapsulation may not be able to fulfill the rigorous product specification, and a hybrid encapsulation method by combining glass and thin-film encapsulation will be the solution. Conventional thin-film encapsulation technology generally involves organic and inorganic multilayer films that are thick and have considerable stress. As a result, when subjected to extreme heat and stress, the film easily peels off. Herein, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a 2 µm silicon nitride film prepared at 85 °C is less than 5 × 10−5 g/m2/day and its stress is optimized to be 23 MPa. Red organic LEDs are passivated with the hybrid encapsulation, and the T95 lifetime reaches nearly 10 years if the LED is continuously driven at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2. In addition, a storage lifespan of over 17 years is achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0)
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Review

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18 pages, 5435 KiB  
Review
Recent Progresses in Solution-Processed Tandem Organic and Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes
by Shu-Guang Meng, Xiao-Zhao Zhu, Dong-Ying Zhou and Liang-Sheng Liao
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 134; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules28010134 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
Solution processes have promising advantages of low manufacturing cost and large-scale production, potentially applied for the fabrication of organic and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and QLEDs). To meet the expected lifespan of OLEDs/QLEDs in practical display and lighting applications, tandem architecture by [...] Read more.
Solution processes have promising advantages of low manufacturing cost and large-scale production, potentially applied for the fabrication of organic and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and QLEDs). To meet the expected lifespan of OLEDs/QLEDs in practical display and lighting applications, tandem architecture by connecting multiple light-emitting units (LEUs) through a feasible intermediate connection layer (ICL) is preferred. However, the combination of tandem architecture with solution processes is still limited by the choices of obtainable ICLs due to the unsettled challenges, such as orthogonal solubility, surface wettability, interfacial corrosion, and charge injection. This review focuses on the recent progresses of solution-processed tandem OLEDs and tandem QLEDs, covers the design and fabrication of various ICLs by solution process, and provides suggestions on the future challenges of corresponding materials and devices, which are anticipated to stimulate the exploitation of the emerging light technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 3.0)
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