Dear Colleagues,

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptors, and their activation generates inflammatory responses as part of the innate immune system. These receptors have a role in the regulation of normal biological functions, and in carcinogenesis/leukaemogenesis. TLR4 is considered to be among the immunotherapeutic targets with a high potential to cure cancer. It is expressed by normal haematopoietic cells, and signalling through TLR4 leads to stem cell differentiation during normal and possibly also leukemic haematopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukaemia, for instance, TLRs are expressed by the leukemic blasts and have gained interest as potential drug targets for AML therapy in order to eradicate residual leukemic cells after induction therapy.

In this Special Issue, we intend to focus on the potentials of targeting the TLR4 signalling pathway, both upstream and downstream of the receptor, with natural or synthetic compounds. The scope includes haematological diseases such as leukaemias and lymphomas, as well as pre-leukemic syndromes (myelodysplastic syndromes) or normal changes during aging. We welcome scientific articles, reviews and communications.

Dr. Annette K. Brenner
Prof. Dr. Øystein Bruserud
Guest Editors

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• TLR4
• signal transduction
• receptor dimerization
• drug targeting
• inhibitors/antagonists
• agonists
• leukaemia/lymphoma
• MDS
• NFκB
• S100A8/S100A9