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Nanomaterials
Special Issues
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 12437

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria João Silva

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
2. Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: environmental genotoxicity; nanotoxicology; human genetics; toxicogenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Henriqueta Louro

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
2. Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: nanosafety; human biomonitoring; genetic toxicology; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

In recent years, a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of innovative engineered nanomaterials (NMs) boosting their technological and biomedical application but also raising the absolute need of ensuring safe, integrated, and responsible nanotechnologies and nanotechnology product development. In spite of the number of toxicological studies addressing the potential deleterious effects of NMs, uncertainties about their impact on the environment and human health remain, representing a challenge to scientists, risk assessors, and regulators. In particular, exposure to low continuous doses of NMs in environmental and occupational settings or through food and consumer products may lead to effects at cell, tissue, and organismal levels, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which are intimately associated with carcinogenicity. Those effects must be early-assessed using conventional and novel approaches, while considering the nanospecific interplay between physicochemical properties and biological systems.

This Special Issue intends to cover recent advances in the “Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials” and related topics. We kindly invite authors to contribute with original research work, communications or comprehensive review articles on the most recent progress in the in silico, in vitro and in vivo strategies to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of NMs, among other relevant biological effects.

We look forward to receiving your relevant contributions to this Special Issue.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Toxicity of natural, anthropogenic, and engineered nanomaterials (NMs);
  • Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment;
  • Nano–bio interactions and dynamic behavior of NMs in biological systems;
  • Correlation of NMs’ physicochemical properties and toxicity;
  • Other biological effects of NMs, e.g., immunotoxicity or epigenetic effects;
  • Conventional and high throughput approaches to the toxicity assessment of NMs;
  • In silico analyses;
  • Innovative in vitro experimental models in nanotoxicology;
  • In vivo integrative studies on NMs;
  • Biomonitoring and early biological effects of NMs;
  • Adverse outcome pathways regarding NMs.

Dr. Maria João Silva
Dr. Henriqueta Louro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 939 KiB  
Article
The Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
by Devojit Kumar Sarma, Ruchi Dubey, Ravindra M. Samarth, Swasti Shubham, Pritom Chowdhury, Manoj Kumawat, Vinod Verma, Rajnarayan R. Tiwari and Manoj Kumar
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1632; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12101632 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3257
Abstract
Environmental exposure to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) is an increasing concern from human health perspectives. Little information on the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of NP particles in human cells is available. We aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of polystyrene [...] Read more.
Environmental exposure to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) is an increasing concern from human health perspectives. Little information on the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of NP particles in human cells is available. We aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) at different concentrations (2000μg/mL, 1000μg/mL, and 500μg/mL) by using chromosomal aberration (CA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays (CBMN) on human peripheral lymphocytes. Dose-dependent hemolytic activity and cell viability were observed against the PSNPs exposure. Increased chromosomal aberrations, such as chromosomal breaks and dicentric chromosomes, and an increase in nucleoplasmic bridge (NBP) formation and nuclear budding (NBUD) were observed. The frequency of mitotic index (MI) decreased significantly in the PSNP-exposed groups from lower to higher concentrations. A significant increase in micronuclei (MN) formation and cytostasis% and a dose-dependent reduction in nuclear division index (NDI) in PSNP-exposed groups indicated oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and genomic instabilities due to PSNP exposure in human lymphocyte cells. This study highlights the importance of understanding the toxic mechanisms and associated chronic and acute health effects on humans due to exposure to this pervasive environmental pollutant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials)
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28 pages, 3317 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the In Vitro Toxicity of Nanocelluloses in Human Lung Cells as Compared to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
by Fátima Pinto, Ana Filipa Lourenço, Jorge F. S. Pedrosa, Lídia Gonçalves, Célia Ventura, Nádia Vital, Ana Bettencourt, Susete N. Fernandes, Rafaela R. da Rosa, Maria Helena Godinho, Henriqueta Louro, Paulo J. T. Ferreira and Maria João Silva
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1432; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12091432 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNM), comprising cellulose microfibrils (CMF), nanofibrils (CNF), and nanocrystals (CNC), are being recognized as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their natural and renewable source, attractive properties, and potential for applications with industrial and economical value. Thus, it is crucial to investigate their [...] Read more.
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNM), comprising cellulose microfibrils (CMF), nanofibrils (CNF), and nanocrystals (CNC), are being recognized as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their natural and renewable source, attractive properties, and potential for applications with industrial and economical value. Thus, it is crucial to investigate their potential toxicity before starting their production at a larger scale. The present study aimed at evaluating the cell internalization and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CMNM as compared to two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), NM-401 and NM-402, in A549 cells. The exposure to all studied NM, with the exception of CNC, resulted in evident cellular uptake, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. However, none of the CMNM induced cytotoxic effects, in contrast to the cytotoxicity observed for the MWCNT. Furthermore, no genotoxicity was observed for CNF, CNC, and NM-402 (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay), while CMF and NM-401 were able to significantly raise micronucleus frequency. Only NM-402 was able to induce ROS formation, although it did not induce micronuclei. Thus, it is unlikely that the observed CMF and NM-401 genotoxicity is mediated by oxidative DNA damage. More studies targeting other genotoxicity endpoints and cellular and molecular events are underway to allow for a more comprehensive safety assessment of these nanocelluloses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials)
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19 pages, 11187 KiB  
Article
In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Studies on Engineered Fabric with Graphene Nanoplatelets
by Carla Fanizza, Mara Stefanelli, Anna Risuglia, Erika Bruni, Federica Ietto, Federica Incoronato, Fabrizio Marra, Adele Preziosi, Patrizia Mancini, Maria Sabrina Sarto and Daniela Uccelletti
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1405; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12091405 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
To produce clothes made with engineered fabrics to monitor the physiological parameters of workers, strain sensors were produced by depositing two different types of water-based inks (P1 and P2) suitably mixed with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on a fabric. We evaluated the biocompatibility of [...] Read more.
To produce clothes made with engineered fabrics to monitor the physiological parameters of workers, strain sensors were produced by depositing two different types of water-based inks (P1 and P2) suitably mixed with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on a fabric. We evaluated the biocompatibility of fabrics with GNPs (GNP fabric) through in vitro and in vivo assays. We investigated the effects induced on human keratinocytes by the eluates extracted from GNP fabrics by the contact of GNP fabrics with cells and by seeding keratinocytes directly onto the GNP fabrics using a cell viability test and morphological analysis. Moreover, we evaluated in vivo possible adverse effects of the GNPs using the model system Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell viability assay, morphological analysis and Caenorhabditis elegans tests performed on smart fabric treated with P2 (P2GNP fabric) did not show significant differences when compared with their respective control samples. Instead, a reduction in cell viability and changes in the membrane microvilli structure were found in cells incubated with smart fabric treated with P1. The results were helpful in determining the non-toxic properties of the P2GNP fabric. In the future, therefore, graphene-based ink integrated into elastic fabric will be developed for piezoresistive sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials)
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12 pages, 2531 KiB  
Article
Exposure of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Bioluminescence Process of Pu- and Pm-lux Recombinant P. putida mt-2 Strains
by In Chul Kong, Kyung-Seok Ko, Sohyeon Lee, Dong-Chan Koh and Robert Burlage
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2822; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11112822 - 24 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Comparison of the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs; CuO, NiO, ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3) on different bioluminescence processes was evaluated using two recombinant (Pm-lux and Pu-lux) strains of Pseudomonas putida [...] Read more.
Comparison of the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs; CuO, NiO, ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3) on different bioluminescence processes was evaluated using two recombinant (Pm-lux and Pu-lux) strains of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 with same inducer exposure. Different sensitivities and responses were observed according to the type of NPs and recombinant strains. EC50 values were determined. The negative effects on the bioluminescence activity of the Pm-lux strain was greater than for the Pu-lux strains for all NPs tested. EC50 values for the Pm-lux strain were 1.7- to 6.2-fold lower (corresponding to high inhibition) than for Pu-lux. ZnO NP caused the greatest inhibition among the tested NPs in both strains, showing approximately 11 times less EC50s of CuO, which appeared as the least inhibited. Although NPs showed different sensitivities depending on the bioluminescence process, similar orders of EC50s for both strains were observed as follows: ZnO > NiO, Al2O3 > TiO2 > CuO. More detailed in-depth systematic approaches, including in the field of molecular mechanisms, is needed to evaluate the accurate effect mechanisms involved in both bioluminescence metabolic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials)
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13 pages, 3139 KiB  
Article
Nano-Graphene Oxide-Promoted Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Regulation of Phospholipase D Signaling
by Sun Young Park, Woo Chang Song, Beomjin Kim, Jin-Woo Oh and Geuntae Park
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2546; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11102546 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2139
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (Nano-GO) is an extensively studied multifunctional carbon nanomaterial with attractive applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We aimed to determine whether Nano-GO induces EMT [...] Read more.
Nano-graphene oxide (Nano-GO) is an extensively studied multifunctional carbon nanomaterial with attractive applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We aimed to determine whether Nano-GO induces EMT by regulating phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells. The physicochemical characterization of Nano-GO was performed using a Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RPE cell viability assays were performed, and the migratory effects of RPE cells were evaluated. RPE cell collagen gel contraction was also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect EMT-related protein expression. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymatic activities were also measured. Nano-GO significantly enhanced the scratch-healing ability of RPE cells, indicating that the RPE cell migration ability was increased. Following Nano-GO treatment, the RPE cell penetration of the chamber was significantly promoted, suggesting that the migratory ability was strengthened. We also observed collagen gel contraction and the generation of intracellular ROS in RPE cells. The results showed that Nano-GO induced collagen gel contraction and intracellular ROS production in RPE cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed that Nano-GO significantly regulated key molecules of EMT, including epithelial-cadherin, neural-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Interestingly, Nano-GO-induced RPE cell migration and intracellular ROS production were abrogated in PLD-knockdown RPE cells, indicating that PLD activation played a crucial role in the Nano-GO-induced RPE EMT process. We demonstrate for the first time that Nano-GO promotes RPE cell migration through PLD-mediated ROS production. We provide preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that Nano-GO has adverse health effects related to RPE damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment in Nanomaterials)
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