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Nanomaterials
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Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors
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Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 15598

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Huiyu Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
Interests: electrochemical energy storage; supercapacitors; electrode materials; hydrothermal synthesis; nanocomposites
Dr. Xiaodong Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
Interests: supercapacitors; lithium-ion battery; carbon-based electrode materials; electrochemical energy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the increasing demand of clean and renewable power technologies, supercapacitors have received extensive interest in the research and several practical applications have been realized in relation to their remarkable power density, rapid charge/discharge capability, and excellent long-term-cycling performance; therefore, they are regarded as one of the most promising electrochemical energy-storage devices. Electrode material, as an example, plays a key role in the final electrochemical performance. In comparison to bulk electrode material, nanoscale material (nanomaterial) exhibits a larger specific surface area with abundant active sites, which is beneficial for electrolyte penetration, electron transfer, and redox reactions too; therefore, an improved electrochemical performance may be expected. At present, a large quantity of nanomaterials have been used for the production of supercapacitors, such as carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon cloth), conductive polymers, and transition metal oxides (phosphide and hydroxides), as well as some emerging materials, including Mxene, metal–organic frameworks, and metal dichalcogenides. Therefore, all these electrode materials can be utilized in the construction of supercapacitor devices.

The current Special Issue focuses on the latest advances in nanomaterial-based supercapacitors with an enhanced performance. This includes, but is not limited to, the exploitation of new electrode materials, structure and morphology designs, doping, and composite formation. The Special Issue aims to promote the performance of electrode materials and expand the applications of supercapicitors in the field. 

Dr. Huiyu Chen
Dr. Xiaodong Tian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supercapacitors
  • electrode materials
  • nanomaterials
  • electrochemical energy storage
  • porous materials
  • chemical synthesis
  • carbon
  • transition metal oxides
  • composite
  • binder-free

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 9665 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Nature of the Electrolyte on the Behavior of Supercapacitors Based on Transparent ZnMn2O4 Thin Films
by Juan José Peinado-Pérez, Maria Cruz López-Escalante and Francisco Martín
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(23), 3017; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13233017 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 848
Abstract
Transparent ZnMn2O4 thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) were prepared through spray pyrolysis and implemented as electrodes in symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs). A specific capacitance value of 752 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a 70% retention [...] Read more.
Transparent ZnMn2O4 thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) were prepared through spray pyrolysis and implemented as electrodes in symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs). A specific capacitance value of 752 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a 70% retention over 3000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles were reached with a 1.0 M Na2SO4 electrolyte in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. Analysis of the cycled electrodes with 1.0 M Na2SO4 revealed a local loss of electrode material; this loss increases when electrodes are used in SCCs. To avoid this drawback, solid polyvinylpyrrolidone-LiClO4 (PVP-LiClO4) and quasi-solid polyvinylpyrrolidone-ionic liquid (PVP-ionic liquid) electrolytes were tested in SSCs as substitutes for aqueous Na2SO4. An improvement in capacitance retention without a loss of electrode material was observed for the PVP-ionic liquid and PVP-LiClO4 electrolytes. With these non-aqueous electrolytes, the tetragonal structure of the ZnMn2O4 spinel was maintained throughout the cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles, although changes occurred in the stoichiometry from ZnMn2O4 to Mn-rich Zn1−xMn3−xO4. In the case of the electrolyte 1.0 M Na2SO4, the loss of Zn2+ led to the formation of MnO2 via Zn1-xM3-xO4. The location of the three SCCs in the Ragone plot shows supercapacitor behavior. The electrochemical results prove that the pseudocapacitance is the major contributor to the electrode capacitance, and the SCCs can therefore be considered as pseudocapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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12 pages, 5564 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Hierarchical MOF-Derived NiCo2S4@Mo-Doped Co-LDH Arrays for High-Energy-Density Asymmetric Supercapacitors
by Siyi Cheng, Kang Du, Xiaowu Wang, Yufei Han, Longxiao Li and Guojun Wen
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(19), 2663; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13192663 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 822
Abstract
The rational fabrication of composite structures made of mixed components has shown great potential for boosting the energy density of supercapacitors. Herein, an elaborate hierarchical MOF-derived NiCo2S4@Mo-doped Co-LDH arrays hybrid electrode was fabricated through a step-wise method. By leveraging [...] Read more.
The rational fabrication of composite structures made of mixed components has shown great potential for boosting the energy density of supercapacitors. Herein, an elaborate hierarchical MOF-derived NiCo2S4@Mo-doped Co-LDH arrays hybrid electrode was fabricated through a step-wise method. By leveraging the synergistic effects of a uniform array of NiCo2S4 nanowires as the core and an MOF-derived porous shell, the NiCo2S4@Mo-doped Co-LDH hybrid electrode demonstrates an exceptional specific capacitance of 3049.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Even at a higher current density of 20 A g−1, the capacitance remains high at 2458.8 F g−1. Moreover, the electrode exhibits remarkable cycling stability, with 91% of the initial capacitance maintained after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Additionally, the as-fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on the NiCo2S4@Mo-doped Co-LDH electrode achieves an impressive energy density of 97.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 835.6 W kg−1. These findings provide a promising approach for the development of hybrid-structured electrodes, enabling the realization of high-energy-density asymmetric supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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14 pages, 4349 KiB  
Article
Printed Electrodes Based on Vanadium Dioxide and Gold Nanoparticles for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
by Bashaer A. Minyawi, Mohammad Vaseem, Nuha A. Alhebshi, Amal M. Al-Amri and Atif Shamim
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(18), 2567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13182567 - 16 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Printed energy storage components attracted attention for being incorporated into bendable electronics. In this research, a homogeneous and stable ink based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is hydrothermally synthesized with a non-toxic solvent. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized material [...] Read more.
Printed energy storage components attracted attention for being incorporated into bendable electronics. In this research, a homogeneous and stable ink based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is hydrothermally synthesized with a non-toxic solvent. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized material are determined to be well-crystalline monoclinic-phase nanoparticles. The charge storage mechanisms and evaluations are specified for VO2 electrodes, gold (Au) electrodes, and VO2/Au electrodes using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The VO2 electrode shows an electrical double layer and a redox reaction in the positive and negative voltage ranges with a slightly higher areal capacitance of 9 mF cm−2. The VO2/Au electrode exhibits an areal capacitance of 16 mF cm−2, which is double that of the VO2 electrode. Due to the excellent electrical conductivity of gold, the areal capacitance 18 mF cm−2 of the Au electrode is the highest among them. Based on that, Au positive electrodes and VO2 negative electrodes are used to build an asymmetric supercapacitor. The device delivers an areal energy density of 0.45 μWh cm−2 at an areal power density of 70 μW cm−2 at 1.4 V in the aqueous electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. We provide a promising electrode candidate for cost-effective, lightweight, environmentally friendly printed supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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14 pages, 3395 KiB  
Article
A Facile Two-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 Nanosheet Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Electrodes
by Hammad Mueen Arbi, L. Vijayalakshmi, Yedluri Anil Kumar, Salem Alzahmi, Chandu V. V. Muralee Gopi, Andrivo Rusydi and Ihab M. Obaidat
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(13), 1981; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13131981 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1691
Abstract
The composites of NiCo2O4 with unique structures were substantially investigated as promising electrodes. In this study, the unique structured nanosheets anchored on nickel foam (Ni foam) were prepared under the hydrothermal technique of NiCo2O4 and subsequent preparation [...] Read more.
The composites of NiCo2O4 with unique structures were substantially investigated as promising electrodes. In this study, the unique structured nanosheets anchored on nickel foam (Ni foam) were prepared under the hydrothermal technique of NiCo2O4 and subsequent preparation of Co(OH)2. The Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet composite has demonstrated higher specific capacitances owing to its excellent specific surface region, enhanced rate properties, and outstanding electrical conductivities. Moreover, the electrochemical properties were analyzed in a three-electrode configuration to study the sample material. The as-designed Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet achieves higher specific capacitances of 1308 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 and notable long cycles with 92.83% capacity retention over 6000 cycles. The Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet electrode exhibits a long life span and high capacitances compared with the NiCo2O4 and Co(OH)2 electrodes, respectively. These outstanding electrochemical properties are mainly because of their porous construction and the synergistic effects between NiCo2O4 and Co(OH)2. Such unique Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheets not only display promising applications in renewable storage but also reiterate to scientists of the unlimited potential of high-performance materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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19 pages, 5451 KiB  
Article
Asymmetric Supercapacitors Using Porous Carbons and Iron Oxide Electrodes Derived from a Single Fe Metal-Organic Framework (MIL-100 (Fe))
by Seong Cheon Kim, Siyoung Q. Choi and Jeasung Park
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(12), 1824; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13121824 - 08 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1589
Abstract
MOF-derived carbon (MDC) and metal oxide (MDMO) are superior materials for supercapacitor electrodes due to their high specific capacitances, which can be attributed to their high porosity, specific surface area (SSA), and pore volume. To improve the electrochemical performance, the environmentally friendly and [...] Read more.
MOF-derived carbon (MDC) and metal oxide (MDMO) are superior materials for supercapacitor electrodes due to their high specific capacitances, which can be attributed to their high porosity, specific surface area (SSA), and pore volume. To improve the electrochemical performance, the environmentally friendly and industrially producible MIL-100 (Fe) was prepared using three different Fe sources through hydrothermal synthesis. MDC-A with micro- and mesopores and MDC-B with micropores were synthesized through carbonization and an HCl washing process, and MDMO (α-Fe2O3) was obtained by a simple sintering in air. The electrochemical properties in a three-electrode system using a 6 M KOH electrolyte were investigated. These novel MDC and MDMO were applied to an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) system to overcome the disadvantages of traditional supercapacitors, enhancing energy density, power density, and cyclic performance. High SSA materials (MDC-A nitrate and MDMO iron) were selected for negative and positive electrode material to fabricate ASC with KOH/PVP gel electrolyte. As-fabricated ASC resulted in high specific capacitance 127.4 Fg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 and 48.0 Fg−1 at 3 Ag−1, respectively, and delivered superior energy density (25.5 Wh/kg) at a power density 60 W/kg. The charging/discharging cycling test was also conducted, indicating 90.1% stability after 5000 cycles. These results indicate that ASC with MDC and MDMO derived from MIL-100 (Fe) has promising potential in high-performance energy storage devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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12 pages, 5135 KiB  
Article
Hierarchically Developed Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 Nanosheet Composites for Boosting Supercapacitor Performance
by Hammad Mueen Arbi, Ganesh Koyyada, Yedluri Anil Kumar, Dasha Kumar Kulurumotlakatla, Jae Hong Kim, Md Moniruzzaman, Salem Alzahmi and Ihab M. Obaidat
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(8), 1414; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13081414 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
MgCo2O4 nanomaterial is thought to be a promising candidate for renewable energy storage and conversions. Nevertheless, the poor stability performances and small specific areas of transition-metal oxides remain a challenge for supercapacitor (SC) device applications. In this study, sheet-like Ni(OH) [...] Read more.
MgCo2O4 nanomaterial is thought to be a promising candidate for renewable energy storage and conversions. Nevertheless, the poor stability performances and small specific areas of transition-metal oxides remain a challenge for supercapacitor (SC) device applications. In this study, sheet-like Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 composites were hierarchically developed on nickel foam (NF) using the facile hydrothermal process with calcination technology, under carbonization reactions. The combination of the carbon–amorphous layer and porous Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles was anticipated to enhance the stability performances and energy kinetics. The Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite achieved a superior specific capacitance of 1287 F g−1 at a current value of 1 A g−1, which is higher than that of pure Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles and MgCo2O4 nanoflake samples. At a current density of 5 A g−1, the Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite delivered an outstanding cycling stability of 85.6%, which it retained over 3500 long cycles with an excellent rate of capacity of 74.5% at 20 A g−1. These outcomes indicate that such a Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite is a good contender as a novel battery-type electrode material for high-performance SCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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0 pages, 3032 KiB  
Article
Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide (CoOx) Nanowires with Different Aspect Ratios for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
by Haomin Ji, Yifei Ma, Zhuo Cai, Micun Yun, Jiemin Han, Zhaomin Tong, Mei Wang, Jonghwan Suhr, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia and Xuyuan Chen
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 749; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13040749 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1373 | Correction
Abstract
Cobalt oxide (CoOx) nanowires have been broadly explored as advanced pseudocapacitive materials owing to their impressive theoretical gravimetric capacity. However, the traditional method of compositing with conductive nanoparticles to improve their poor conductivity will unpredictably lead to a decrease in actual [...] Read more.
Cobalt oxide (CoOx) nanowires have been broadly explored as advanced pseudocapacitive materials owing to their impressive theoretical gravimetric capacity. However, the traditional method of compositing with conductive nanoparticles to improve their poor conductivity will unpredictably lead to a decrease in actual capacity. The amelioration of the aspect ratio of the CoOx nanowires may affect the pathway of electron conduction and ion diffusion, thereby improving the electrochemical performances. Here, CoOx nanowires with various aspect ratios were synthesized by controlling hydrothermal temperature, and the CoOx electrodes achieve a high gravimetric specific capacity (1424.8 C g−1) and rate performance (38% retention at 100 A g−1 compared to 1 A g−1). Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) based on activated carbon anode reach an exceptional specific energy of 61.8 Wh kg−1 and excellent cyclic performance (92.72% retention, 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1). The CoOx nanowires exhibit great promise as a favorable cathode material in the field of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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15 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Fe2O3/Porous Carbon Composite Derived from Oily Sludge Waste as an Advanced Anode Material for Supercapacitor Application
by Shubing Tian, Baoling Zhang, Dong Han, Zhiqiang Gong and Xiaoyu Li
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3819; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12213819 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
It is urgent to improve the electrochemical performance of anode for supercapacitors. Herein, we successfully prepare Fe2O3/porous carbon composite materials (FPC) through hydrothermal strategies by using oily sludge waste. The hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) substrate and fine loading of [...] Read more.
It is urgent to improve the electrochemical performance of anode for supercapacitors. Herein, we successfully prepare Fe2O3/porous carbon composite materials (FPC) through hydrothermal strategies by using oily sludge waste. The hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) substrate and fine loading of Fe2O3 nanorods are all important for the electrochemical performance. The HPC substrate could not only promote the surface capacitance effect but also improve the utilization efficiency of Fe2O3 to enhance the pseudo-capacitance. The smaller and uniform Fe2O3 loading is also beneficial to optimize the pore structure of the electrode and enlarge the interface for faradaic reactions. The as-prepared FPC shows a high specific capacitance of 465 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, good rate capability of 66.5% retention at 20 A g−1, and long cycling stability of 88.4% retention at 5 A g−1 after 4000 cycles. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC) constructed with FPC as the anode and MnO2/porous carbon composite (MPC) as the cathode shows an excellent power density of 72.3 W h kg−1 at the corresponding power density of 500 W kg−1 with long-term cycling stability. Owing to the outstanding electrochemical characteristics and cycling performance, the associated materials’ design concept from oily sludge waste has large potential in energy storage applications and environmental protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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Review

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35 pages, 16243 KiB  
Review
Carbon Materials as a Conductive Skeleton for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications: A Review
by Yedluri Anil Kumar, Ganesh Koyyada, Tholkappiyan Ramachandran, Jae Hong Kim, Sajid Sajid, Md Moniruzzaman, Salem Alzahmi and Ihab M. Obaidat
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13061049 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3920
Abstract
Supercapacitors have become a popular form of energy-storage device in the current energy and environmental landscape, and their performance is heavily reliant on the electrode materials used. Carbon-based electrodes are highly desirable due to their low cost and their abundance in various forms, [...] Read more.
Supercapacitors have become a popular form of energy-storage device in the current energy and environmental landscape, and their performance is heavily reliant on the electrode materials used. Carbon-based electrodes are highly desirable due to their low cost and their abundance in various forms, as well as their ability to easily alter conductivity and surface area. Many studies have been conducted to enhance the performance of carbon-based supercapacitors by utilizing various carbon compounds, including pure carbon nanotubes and multistage carbon nanostructures as electrodes. These studies have examined the characteristics and potential applications of numerous pure carbon nanostructures and scrutinized the use of a wide variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as AC, CNTs, GR, CNCs, and others, to improve capacitance. Ultimately, this study provides a roadmap for producing high-quality supercapacitors using carbon-based electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 156 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Ji et al. Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide (CoOx) Nanowires with Different Aspect Ratios for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 749
by Haomin Ji, Yifei Ma, Zhuo Cai, Micun Yun, Jiemin Han, Zhaomin Tong, Mei Wang, Jonghwan Suhr, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia and Xuyuan Chen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(5), 459; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano14050459 - 01 Mar 2024
Viewed by 585
Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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