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The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress...
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The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress Tolerance

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 12940

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mónica Sebastiana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BioISI, Plant Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: low impact agriculture; mycorrhizas; plant genomics; plant symbiosis for improving response to biotic and abiotic stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rui Malhó

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: cell and molecular biology; functional genomics; fluorescence video and confocal microscopy; plant cell development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Beneficial interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungi are part of natural ecosystems, facilitating access to mineral nutrients and improving tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressful environmental conditions. Most plants establish some kind of mycorrhizal interaction, including arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas, which constitute the most important plant mutualistic interactions.

The demand for agricultural products is increasing but faces several challenges (e.g., in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, influences due to extreme weather conditions). Novel approaches taking advantage of the interactions between plants and their symbiotic partners must be explored to achieve a more sustainable agriculture and forestry. This requires a deeper understanding on how mycorrhizas impact plant development and contribute to benefit their host plants, improving growth and tolerance to environmental stress or plant pathogens. Questions, such as how mycorrhizal symbiosis affects host plant development, how mycorrhizal fungal communities are affected by biotic/abiotic stresses, how root exudation under stress affects mycorrhizal interactions, or what are the molecular mechanisms underlying increased tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to stress, should be addressed in this Special Issue. Therefore, we welcome articles (original research papers, perspectives, hypotheses, opinions, reviews, modeling approaches, and methods) covering all aspects of mycorrhizal biology related to plant development and the ability to confer increased biotic (e.g., pests and pathogens) and abiotic stress tolerance (e.g., drought, soil salinity, or extreme temperature) including studies using biochemistry, physiology, and molecular (genes, proteins) approaches, genomics studies comprising transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and plant microbiomes, and field trials using native species and/or crop plants or trees, among others.      

Dr. Mónica Sebastiana
Dr. Rui Malhó
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symbiosis
  • mycorrhizas
  • arbuscular mycorrhiza
  • ectomycorrhiza
  • mycorrhizal fungi
  • plant development
  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • plant stress tolerance
  • plant pathogens
  • plant pests
  • plant immunity
  • mycorrhiza-induced resistance
  • root microbiome
  • rhizosphere
  • root exudates
  • genomics
  • fungal community

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1732 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen Acquisition and Transport in the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis—Insights from the Interaction between an Oak Tree and Pisolithus tinctorius
by Mónica Sebastiana, Susana Serrazina, Filipa Monteiro, Daniel Wipf, Jérome Fromentin, Rita Teixeira, Rui Malhó and Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
Plants 2023, 12(1), 10; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants12010010 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
In temperate forests, the roots of various tree species are colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi, which have a key role in the nitrogen nutrition of their hosts. However, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms related to nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizal plants. This [...] Read more.
In temperate forests, the roots of various tree species are colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi, which have a key role in the nitrogen nutrition of their hosts. However, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms related to nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen metabolic response of oak plants when inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. The expression of candidate genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation was investigated in ectomycorrhizal roots. We found that three oak ammonium transporters were over-expressed in root tissues after inoculation, while the expression of amino acid transporters was not modified, suggesting that inorganic nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen transferred by the symbiotic fungus into the roots of the host plant. Analysis by heterologous complementation of a yeast mutant defective in ammonium uptake and GFP subcellular protein localization clearly confirmed that two of these genes encode functional ammonium transporters. Structural similarities between the proteins encoded by these ectomycorrhizal upregulated ammonium transporters, and a well-characterized ammonium transporter from E. coli, suggest a similar transport mechanism, involving deprotonation of NH4+, followed by diffusion of uncharged NH3 into the cytosol. This view is supported by the lack of induction of NH4+ detoxifying mechanisms, such as the GS/GOGAT pathway, in the oak mycorrhizal roots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress Tolerance)
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19 pages, 2019 KiB  
Article
Effects of Light Quality on Colonization of Tomato Roots by AMF and Implications for Growth and Defense
by Haymanti Saha, Nikolaos Kaloterakis, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Wim H. Van der Putten and Arjen Biere
Plants 2022, 11(7), 861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11070861 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3087
Abstract
Beneficial soil microbes can enhance plant growth and defense, but the extent to which this occurs depends on the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients. However, relatively little is known about the role of light quality, which is altered during shading, [...] Read more.
Beneficial soil microbes can enhance plant growth and defense, but the extent to which this occurs depends on the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients. However, relatively little is known about the role of light quality, which is altered during shading, resulting a low red: far-red ratio (R:FR) of light. We examined how low R:FR light influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-mediated changes in plant growth and defense using Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and the insect herbivore Chrysodeixis chalcites. We also examined effects on third trophic level interactions with the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Under low R:FR light, non-mycorrhizal plants activated the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), resulting in enhanced biomass production. However, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased stem elongation in shaded plants, thus counteracting the plant’s SAS response to shading. Unexpectedly, activation of SAS under low R:FR light did not increase plant susceptibility to the herbivore in either non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal plants. AMF did not significantly affect survival or growth of caterpillars and parasitoids but suppressed herbivore-induced expression of jasmonic acid-signaled defenses genes under low R:FR light. These results highlight the context-dependency of AMF effects on plant growth and defense and the potentially adverse effects of AMF under shading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress Tolerance)
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27 pages, 3974 KiB  
Article
The Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Vermicompost-Based Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Fertility, Growth Performance, and the Drought Stress Tolerance of Quinoa
by Wissal Benaffari, Abderrahim Boutasknit, Mohamed Anli, Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar, Youssef Ait-Rahou, Raja Ben-Laouane, Hela Ben Ahmed, Toshiaki Mitsui, Marouane Baslam and Abdelilah Meddich
Plants 2022, 11(3), 393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030393 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 5163
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of biostimulants on the physicochemical parameters of the agricultural soil of quinoa under two water regimes and to understand the mode of action of the biostimulants on quinoa for drought adaptation. We investigated the impact [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to determine the effects of biostimulants on the physicochemical parameters of the agricultural soil of quinoa under two water regimes and to understand the mode of action of the biostimulants on quinoa for drought adaptation. We investigated the impact of two doses of vermicompost (5 and 10 t/ha) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi applied individually, or in joint application, on attenuating the negative impacts of water shortage and improving the agro-physiological and biochemical traits of quinoa, as well as soil fertility, under two water regimes (well-watered and drought stress) in open field conditions. Exposure to drought decreased biomass, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance, and increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. Mycorrhiza and/or vermicompost promoted plant growth by activating photosynthesis machinery and nutrient assimilation, leading to increased total soluble sugars, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaf and root. After the experiment, the soil’s total organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and soil glomalin content improved by the single or combined application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost. This knowledge suggests that the combination of mycorrhiza and vermicompost regulates the physiological and biochemical processes employed by quinoa in coping with drought and improves the understanding of soil–plant interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress Tolerance)
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14 pages, 4006 KiB  
Article
Enriched CO2 and Root-Associated Fungi (Mycorrhizae) Yield Inverse Effects on Plant Mass and Root Morphology in Six Asclepias Species
by Rondy J. Malik and James D. Bever
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2474; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10112474 - 16 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2110
Abstract
While milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are important for sustaining biodiversity in marginal ecosystems, CO2 flux may afflict Asclepias species and cause detriment to native communities. Negative CO2-induced effects may be mitigated through mycorrhizal associations. In this study, we sought to [...] Read more.
While milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are important for sustaining biodiversity in marginal ecosystems, CO2 flux may afflict Asclepias species and cause detriment to native communities. Negative CO2-induced effects may be mitigated through mycorrhizal associations. In this study, we sought to determine how mycorrhizae interacts with CO2 to influence Asclepias biomass and root morphology. A broad range of Asclepias species (n = 6) were chosen for this study, including four tap-root species (A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. tuberosa, and A. viridis) and two fibrous root species (A. incarnata and A. verticillata). Collectively, the six Asclepias species were manipulated under a 2 × 2 full-factorial design that featured two mycorrhizal levels (−/+ mycorrhizae) and two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched (i.e., 3.5× ambient)). After a duration of 10 months, Asclepias responses were assessed as whole dry weight (i.e., biomass) and relative transportive root. Relative transportive root is the percent difference in the diameter of highest order root (transportive root) versus that of first-order absorptive roots. Results revealed an asymmetrical response, as mycorrhizae increased Asclepias biomass by ~12-fold, while enriched CO2 decreased biomass by about 25%. CO2 did not impact relative transportive roots, but mycorrhizae increased root organ’s response by more than 20%. Interactions with CO2 and mycorrhizae were observed for both biomass and root morphology (i.e., relative transportive root). A gene associated with CO2 fixation (rbcL) revealed that the two fibrous root species formed a phylogenetic clade that was distant from the four tap-root species. The effect of mycorrhizae was most profound in tap-root systems, as mycorrhizae modified the highest order root into tuber-like structures. A strong positive correlation was observed with biomass and relative transportive root. This study elucidates the interplay with roots, mycorrhizae, and CO2, while providing a potential pathway for mycorrhizae to ameliorate CO2 induced effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Plant Development and Stress Tolerance)
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