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Polymers
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Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation
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Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 5404

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hechen Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
Interests: epoxy resins; polymer composites; electrical equipment; environment-friendly composite materials
Dr. Yunqi Xing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
Interests: insulation materials; extreme environments; calculation of high voltage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer composites for electrical insulation (PCEI) have been widely discussed in the field of electrical engineering because of their ability to give full play to the advantages of each component and thus obtain better properties than traditional insulating materials. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of power equipment, the development of PCEI with excellent insulation, mechanical, heat resistance, and other comprehensive properties has far-reaching implications for the advancement of electrical engineering.

This Special Issue of Polymers aims to solicit and publish original, high-quality papers that cover a broad range of topics on the research, production, processing, and applications of polymer composites for electrical insulation, with a special focus on:

  • Resin-based polymer composite insulation materials;
  • Fiber, nanocomposite insulation materials;
  • Environment-friendly composite materials in electrical equipment;
  • Weather-ability and corrosion resistance;
  • Electrical and mechanical properties of insulating materials/equipment under extreme environment;
  • Simulation and analysis of insulating material/equipment performance.

Research and review articles focused on experimental and/or modeling aspects of polymer composites for electrical insulation are welcome.

Dr. Hechen Liu
Dr. Yunqi Xing
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polymer composites
  • electrical insulation
  • mechanical properties
  • dielectric material
  • permittivity
  • textile fiber

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 11716 KiB  
Article
Study on Deterioration Characteristics of a Composite Crossarm Mandrel in a 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Multi-Factor Aging
by Long Ma, Xiaotao Fu, Lincong Chen, Xiaolin Chen, Cong Zhang, Xinran Li, Wei Li, Fangda Fu, Chuanfu Fu, Taobei Lin, Wensheng Mao and Hechen Liu
Polymers 2023, 15(17), 3576; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym15173576 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 627
Abstract
This paper presents a study that conducted 5000 h of multi-factor aging tests on 10 kV composite crossarms, considering the natural environment in coastal areas and actual power line operations. Various aging conditions, such as voltage, rain, temperature, humidity, salt fog, ultraviolet light, [...] Read more.
This paper presents a study that conducted 5000 h of multi-factor aging tests on 10 kV composite crossarms, considering the natural environment in coastal areas and actual power line operations. Various aging conditions, such as voltage, rain, temperature, humidity, salt fog, ultraviolet light, and mechanical stress, were applied during the tests. The research initially analyzed the influence of multi-factor aging on the bending and tensile properties of the full-size composite crossarm. Subsequently, a detailed investigation was carried out to assess the impact of aging on the mechanical properties, electrical insulation properties, and microscopic characteristics of the composite crossarm core bar. Results indicated that the tensile strength and bending strength of the full-size composite crossarm mandrel experienced minimal changes after aging, remaining well within operational requirements. However, the silicone rubber outer sheath’s hydrophobicity decreased, leading to the appearance of cracks and holes on the surface, which provided pathways for moisture and salt infiltration into the mandrel. As a consequence, the bending strength and shear strength of the mandrel material were reduced by 16.5% and 37.7%, respectively. Moreover, the electrical performance test demonstrated a slight change in the mandrel’s leakage current, while the electrical breakdown strength decreased by 22.8%. Microscopic analysis using SEM, three-dimensional CT, and TGA revealed that a small amount of resin matrix decomposed and microcracks appeared on the surface. Additionally, the fiber-matrix interface experienced debonding and cracking, leading to an increased moisture absorption rate of the mandrel material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation)
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16 pages, 6367 KiB  
Article
Study on Blending Modification of Bisphenol A Epoxy
by Xiaotao Fu, Long Ma, Lincong Chen, Cong Zhang, Xiaolin Chen, Xinran Li, Fangda Fu, Chuanfu Fu, Taobei Lin and Wensheng Mao
Polymers 2023, 15(15), 3263; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym15153263 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1070
Abstract
Epoxy-resin-based composites in the field of current electrical materials often work in high temperature, high humidity or salt spray conditions. In order to improve the operation reliability of the composite insulator cross arm in a high temperature, high humidity and high salt spray [...] Read more.
Epoxy-resin-based composites in the field of current electrical materials often work in high temperature, high humidity or salt spray conditions. In order to improve the operation reliability of the composite insulator cross arm in a high temperature, high humidity and high salt spray environment, and analyze the aging mechanism and performance characteristics of resin, in this paper, wet heat aging and salt spray aging experiments were carried out on the blended resin system composed of bisphenol A type epoxy resin (E-51), aliphatic epoxy modified bisphenol A epoxy resin (2021P/E-51) and dimeric acid modified bisphenol A epoxy resin (EPD-172/E-51). Among them, 10 wt% and 20 wt% of 2021P blend resin and 10 wt% of EPD blend resin have superior thermo-mechanical properties. Under humid and hot conditions, the dielectric loss of 10 wt% EPD blend system before and after aging is 39.9% and 49.5% lower than that of pure E51 resin system, respectively. Under the condition of salt spray, the dielectric loss of 20 wt% and 10 wt% EPD blends decreased by 73.1% and 74.6% after aging. The leakage current of 10 wt% 2021P blend resin and 10 wt% EPD blend resin decreased by 7% and 3.8% before aging, respectively. After aging, they decreased by 3.7% and 2.2%, respectively. The bending strength of 2021P blend resin before and after aging reached 29.3 MPa and 26.6 MPa, respectively. The above three blending resin systems exhibit good electrical properties and good mechanical properties, their ageing resistance performance is strong and they are suitable as the matrix resin of compound cross arm mandrel material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation)
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17 pages, 11326 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Accelerated Deterioration of High-Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber under Multi-Factor Aging Tests Considering Temperature Cycling
by Shiyin Zeng, Wendong Li, Yanan Peng, Yucheng Zhang and Guanjun Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(15), 3210; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym15153210 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
High-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV-SR) employed for composite insulators is continuously subjected to a complex environment of alternating heat, corona discharge, humidity, etc. These stresses (especially alternating heat) complicate the aging mechanism of HTV-SR, which lacks systematic investigation. In this paper, a multi-factor [...] Read more.
High-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV-SR) employed for composite insulators is continuously subjected to a complex environment of alternating heat, corona discharge, humidity, etc. These stresses (especially alternating heat) complicate the aging mechanism of HTV-SR, which lacks systematic investigation. In this paper, a multi-factor aging platform considering temperature cycling, moisture, and corona discharge is established. Specifically, four temperature-cycling settings are employed, each of which lasts for 15 cycles. The surface morphology, hydrophobicity, and chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of aged samples are methodically characterized. Experimental results show that the aging degree is correlated to the range of temperature cycling, which is attributed to diverse crosslink-degradation degrees with different temperature differences. Under a large temperature difference (70 °C), HTV-SR possesses a high crosslinking degree and a low degradation degree, making the material hard but easy to crack with alternating thermal stress. Then, severe defects and water condensation emerge on the HTV-SR surface, which promote the diffusion of corona products and water molecules into the material. The subsequent rise in crosslinking density caused by in-depth oxidation further exacerbates the aging of the material. Consequently, it brings about poor hydrophobicity, high interfacial polarization, and shallow trap energy levels in HTV-SR. This work provides a detailed analysis of the aging mechanism of HTV-SR in a simulated on-site environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation)
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14 pages, 4403 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Abnormal Heating Composite Insulators
by Song Gao, Yunpeng Liu and Le Li
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2772; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym15132772 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 829
Abstract
The abnormal heating of composite insulators on transmission lines frequently occurs, seriously threatening the power grid’s safe and stable operation. For different types of abnormal heating composite insulators, undifferentiated replacement wastes a lot of labor and material resources. This study explores the abnormal [...] Read more.
The abnormal heating of composite insulators on transmission lines frequently occurs, seriously threatening the power grid’s safe and stable operation. For different types of abnormal heating composite insulators, undifferentiated replacement wastes a lot of labor and material resources. This study explores the abnormal heating composite insulators under different environmental humidity and wind speed conditions. The heating and discharge of composite insulators are observed, and the heating range, heating shape, and temperature rise (ΔT) are analyzed. The abnormal heating of the sheath-aging composite insulator is related to the aging of the silicone rubber and the environmental humidity. The partial discharge caused by the core rod’s defect is the primary source of the temperature rise in the decay-like insulator. The heating range of the contaminated insulator is connected to the environmental humidity, and the ΔT increases with the salt density. The ΔT and heating range of the three types of abnormal heating increase with the ambient humidity. The heating phenomenon under low humidity is an important characteristic that distinguishes decay-like and contaminated insulators from sheath-aging insulators. Therefore, the on-site infrared inspection should be carried out in sunny and windless weather to prevent the impact of high humidity and wind speed on infrared temperature measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation)
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17 pages, 7999 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis Method of Decay-like Composite Insulators in a High-Humidity Environment Based on Characteristic Coefficient of Temperature Rise Gradient
by Yuming Zhang, Sizu Hou, Jianghai Geng, Yijing Gong and Zheng Zhong
Polymers 2023, 15(12), 2715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym15122715 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 955
Abstract
At present, the temperature rise in insulators is observed using infrared thermometry as a common method of diagnosing decay-like insulators. However, the original characteristic data obtained by infrared thermometry cannot effectively distinguish some of the decay-like insulators from those with ageing sheaths. Therefore, [...] Read more.
At present, the temperature rise in insulators is observed using infrared thermometry as a common method of diagnosing decay-like insulators. However, the original characteristic data obtained by infrared thermometry cannot effectively distinguish some of the decay-like insulators from those with ageing sheaths. Therefore, it is imperative to find a new diagnostic characteristic quantity. Based on statistical data, this article first explains that existing diagnostic methods have limited diagnostic effectiveness and a high false detection rate for insulators in a slightly heated state. A full-scale temperature rise test is carried out on a batch of composite insulators returned from the field under high-humidity conditions. Two different defective insulators with similar temperature rise profiles are identified, and an electro-thermal coupling simulation model is developed based on the dielectric characteristic parameters of the above insulators for both core rod defects and sheath ageing. A new infrared diagnostic feature, the temperature rise gradient coefficient, is then obtained to identify the source of abnormal heat in insulators using statistical analysis of an infrared image gallery of abnormally hot composite insulators obtained from field inspections and laboratory tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites for Electrical Insulation)
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