The 90th Anniversary of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Current State and Future Outlook

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 13469

Special Issue Editors

Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: metal-mediated molecular imprinting; chiral separation; β-blockers; molecularly imprinted polymers; molecular recognition; chemotherapeutics; cancer therapy; drug delivery systems; nanosystems; antioxidants
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Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: separation techniques; sensors; polymers; molecularly imprinted polymers; pharmacy; capillary electrophoresis; capillary electrochromatography; electrochemistry; electrochemical sensors
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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Interests: molecular imprinting in 3-D network polymers; molecular imprinting in 2-D films

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Next year, 2021, will mark a novel milestone in molecular imprinting technology, celebrating its 90th anniversary. It all began with the ground‐breaking work of M. V. Polyakov, who noticed the unusual adsorption properties of silica particles toward the same organic solvent as the one added in the synthesis procedure, as solvent additive. Since then, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been successfully promoted mainly as highly selective synthetic adsorbents in various separation techniques. Nevertheless, in the last two decades novel exciting applications have sparked the imagination of researchers, with ramifications in different fields of science and technology, like sensing, catalysis, biomimetic affinity platforms and drug delivery, initiating the modern area of molecular imprinting. Despite the indisputable versatility and advantages of these functional polymers, such as tailored selectivity, ease of preparation and fine-tuning of their properties, chemical and physical stability and low cost, issues related to the optimization of numerous synthesis variables, unsatisfactory biocompatibility/biodegradability, under-achievements in imprinting biomacromolecules and limited commercial applications, still constitute challenges which should be addressed in the future by the evergrowing molecular imprinting community.

Thus, to honor the 90th anniversary of molecular imprinting, we are currently organizing a Special Issue aiming to showcase the current trends in MIP synthesis and the plethora of its applications, as well as, the faced challenges and future perspectives of molecular imprinting. This Special Issue invites original research papers concerning the design, synthesis, optimization and application of MIPs. Also, because anniversaries are good occasions to look back and count the achievements, review articles featuring the highlights of the past nine decades are also considered.

Dr. Ede Bodoki
Dr. Iacob Bogdan-Cezar
Dr. David Spivak

Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Molecularly imprinted polymers
  • Molecular imprinting
  • Biomimetic receptors
  • Molecular recognition
  • Drug delivery 
  • Polymerization
  • Functional polymers
  • Sensing
  • Separation techniques
  • Solid phase extraction
  • Ion imprinting
  • Catalysis
  • Bio-imaging

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Colorimetric Sensing of Amoxicillin Facilitated by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
by Joseph W Lowdon, Hanne Diliën, Bart van Grinsven, Kasper Eersels and Thomas J. Cleij
Polymers 2021, 13(13), 2221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132221 - 05 Jul 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3029
Abstract
The scope of the presented research orientates itself towards the development of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-based dye displacement assay for the colorimetric detection of the antibiotic amoxicillin in aqueous medium. With this in mind, the initial development of an MIP capable of [...] Read more.
The scope of the presented research orientates itself towards the development of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-based dye displacement assay for the colorimetric detection of the antibiotic amoxicillin in aqueous medium. With this in mind, the initial development of an MIP capable of such a task sets focus on monolithic bulk polymerization to assess monomer/crosslinker combinations that have potential towards the binding of amoxicillin. The best performing composition (based on specificity and binding capacity) is utilized in the synthesis of MIP particles by emulsion polymerization, yielding particles that prove to be more homogenous in size and morphology compared to that of the crushed monolithic MIP, which is an essential trait when it comes to the accuracy of the resulting assay. The specificity and selectivity of the emulsion MIP proceeds to be highlighted, demonstrating a higher affinity towards amoxicillin compared to other compounds of the aminopenicillin class (ampicillin and cloxacillin). Conversion of the polymeric receptor is then undertaken, identifying a suitable dye for the displacement assay by means of binding experiments with malachite green, crystal violet, and mordant orange. Once identified, the optimal dye is then loaded onto the synthetic receptor, and the displaceability of the dye deduced by means of a dose response experiment. Alongside the sensitivity, the selectivity of the assay is scrutinized against cloxacillin and ampicillin. Yielding a dye displacement assay that can be used (semi-)quantitatively in a rapid manner. Full article
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17 pages, 1727 KiB  
Article
The Selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
by Gergely Becskereki, George Horvai and Blanka Tóth
Polymers 2021, 13(11), 1781; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13111781 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
The general claim about novel molecularly imprinted polymers is that they are selective for their template or for another target compound. This claim is usually proved by some kind of experiment, in which a performance parameter of the imprinted polymer is shown to [...] Read more.
The general claim about novel molecularly imprinted polymers is that they are selective for their template or for another target compound. This claim is usually proved by some kind of experiment, in which a performance parameter of the imprinted polymer is shown to be better towards its template than towards interferents. A closer look at such experiments shows, however, that different experiments may differ substantially in what they tell about the same imprinted polymer’s selectivity. Following a short general discussion of selectivity concepts, the selectivity of imprinted polymers is analyzed in batch adsorption, binding assays, chromatography, solid phase extraction, sensors, membranes, and catalysts. A number of examples show the problems arising with each type of application. Suggestions for practical method design are provided. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 790 KiB  
Review
Perspectives of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Ocular Therapy
by Andreea E. Bodoki, Bogdan-C. Iacob, Elena Dinte, Oliviu Vostinaru, Ovidiu Samoila and Ede Bodoki
Polymers 2021, 13(21), 3649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13213649 - 23 Oct 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Although the human eye is an easily accessible sensory organ, it remains a challenge for drug administration due to the presence of several anatomical and physiological barriers which limit the access of drugs to its internal structures. Molecular imprinting technology may be considered [...] Read more.
Although the human eye is an easily accessible sensory organ, it remains a challenge for drug administration due to the presence of several anatomical and physiological barriers which limit the access of drugs to its internal structures. Molecular imprinting technology may be considered the avant-garde approach in advanced drug delivery applications and, in particular, in ocular therapy. In fact, molecularly imprinted polymers hold the promise to compensate for the current shortcomings of the available arsenal of drug delivery systems intended for ocular therapy. The present manuscript aims to review the recent advances, the current challenges and most importantly to raise awareness on the underexplored potential and future perspectives of molecularly imprinted polymer-based drug delivery systems intended for the treatment of eye diseases. Full article
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40 pages, 2433 KiB  
Review
The Use of Computational Methods for the Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
by Ian A. Nicholls, Kerstin Golker, Gustaf D. Olsson, Subramanian Suriyanarayanan and Jesper G. Wiklander
Polymers 2021, 13(17), 2841; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13172841 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4561
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of theoretical and computational approaches in the study and development of molecular imprinting systems. These tools are being used to either improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of molecular imprinting systems [...] Read more.
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of theoretical and computational approaches in the study and development of molecular imprinting systems. These tools are being used to either improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of molecular imprinting systems or for the design of new systems. Here, we present an overview of the literature describing the application of theoretical and computational techniques to the different stages of the molecular imprinting process (pre-polymerization mixture, polymerization process and ligand–molecularly imprinted polymer rebinding), along with an analysis of trends within and the current status of this aspect of the molecular imprinting field. Full article
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