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Processes
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Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites
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Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 23669

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sandra Paszkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: polymer composites; nanocomposites; polymers processing; characterization of polymer-based composites; fibre reinforced plastics; conductive polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zdeno Spitalsky

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Polymer Institute, Slovak academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: materials characterization; nanomaterials; materials processing; nanomaterials synthesis; nanostructure materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hybrid nanocomposites have recently attracted the attention of researchers, with different mixtures of nanofillers being explored, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with carbon black, graphene with CNTs, and also combinations of both inorganic and organic nanofillers. In such nanocomposites, one desires synergistic effects, meaning that the effect originating from the use of the hybrid system of nanofillers is greater than the summarized effects of the individual fillers. The potential areas of application of nanocomposites containing carbon nanofillers include the electrotechnical, electronic, automotive, aerospace, and sports industry. Owing to their unique electrical and mechanical properties, as well as large surface area (especially in case of graphene nanosheets), hybrid carbon nanostructures have emerged as a promising new class of materials attractive for potential applications in actuators, solar cells, field-emission devices, field effect transistors, supercapacitors, and batteries.

This Special Issue on “Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites” aims to curate novel advances in the development and application of hybrid nanocomposites consisting of combined organic and inorganic nanofillers that attempt to obtain a so-called “positive hybrid effect” in improving the functional properties of the final material. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Development of new hybrid nanocomposites;
  • Characterization of hybrid nanocomposites in the light of future applications;
  • Correlation between the structure and morphology and the properties of hybrid nanocomposites.

Dr. Sandra Paszkiewicz
Dr. Zdeno Spitalsky
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid materials
  • carbon nanotubes
  • graphene derivatives
  • mineral nanofillers
  • carbon nanoparticles
  • electrical conductivity
  • functional properties
  • mechanical properties
  • processing

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4855 KiB  
Article
Hydrophobic and Anti-Icing Behavior of UV-Laser-Treated Polyester Resin-Based Gelcoats
by Rafał Kozera, Bartłomiej Przybyszewski, Zuzanna D. Krawczyk, Anna Boczkowska, Bogna Sztorch, Robert E. Przekop, Robert Barbucha, Mateusz Tański, Xabier Garcia-Casas and Ana Borras
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1642; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8121642 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3570
Abstract
Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades due to the impact of supercooled water droplets can be reduced by the application of surfaces with anti-icing properties. Hydrophobic surfaces are considered as a promising solution because of their water repellent behavior. In recent years, short-pulsed [...] Read more.
Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades due to the impact of supercooled water droplets can be reduced by the application of surfaces with anti-icing properties. Hydrophobic surfaces are considered as a promising solution because of their water repellent behavior. In recent years, short-pulsed laser technologies have been developed as an efficient technique to modify the surface properties of materials. However, the anti-icing properties of such surfaces have not yet been validated. In this work, a hybrid modification of polyester resin-based gelcoats was adopted. Laser patterning (LP) was used to produce periodic surface structures on modified unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) substrates. One of the innovations of this research is the utilization of novel purpose-made chemical modifiers for gelcoats. The implementation of linear polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as a building block is a key improvement in terms of durability and functionality of the coating, since there is an option of introducing not only groups bonding in the polyester into one molecule, but also groups that increase hydrophobicity. The other novelty is a successfully conducted experiment combining such chemical modification with laser texturization of the surface. The influence of the laser energy, pattern shape, and spatial periods on the topographical characteristics and hydrophobicity as well as the anti-icing properties of the produced surfaces were investigated. To characterize the surface topography of the produced structures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometer were utilized. Measurements of the wettability parameters (static contact angle and contact angle hysteresis) on the treated surfaces allowed the identification of the influence of wetting behavior and laser parameters on the investigated materials. Anti-icing properties were characterized by ice adhesion (IA) and freezing delay time (FDT) tests. It was found that hybrid modification of unsaturated polyester resin by chemical modifiers and laser treatment increased the hydrophobic and anti-icing properties of polyester gelcoats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites)
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15 pages, 2461 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Modification of Unsaturated Polyester Resins to Obtain Hydro- and Icephobic Properties
by Rafał Kozera, Bartłomiej Przybyszewski, Katarzyna Żołyńska, Anna Boczkowska, Bogna Sztorch and Robert E. Przekop
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1635; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8121635 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2527
Abstract
Ice accumulation is a key and unsolved problem for many composite structures with polymer matrices, e.g., wind turbines and airplanes. One of the solutions to avoid icing is to use anti-icing coatings. In recent years, the influence of hydrophobicity of a surface on [...] Read more.
Ice accumulation is a key and unsolved problem for many composite structures with polymer matrices, e.g., wind turbines and airplanes. One of the solutions to avoid icing is to use anti-icing coatings. In recent years, the influence of hydrophobicity of a surface on its icephobic properties has been studied. This solution is based on the idea that a material with poor wettability maximally reduces the contact time between a cooled drop of water and the surface, consequently prevents the formation of ice, and decreases its adhesion to the surface. In this work, a hybrid modification of a gelcoat based on unsaturated polyester resin with nanosilica and chemical modifiers from the group of triple functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and double organofunctionalized polysiloxanes (generally called multi-functionalized organosilicon compounds (MFSC)) was applied. The work describes how the change of modifier concentration and its structural structure finally influences the ice phobic properties. The modifiers used in their structure groups lowered the free surface energy and crosslinking groups with the applied resin, lowering the phenomena of migration and removing the modifier from the surface layer of gelcoat. The main studies from the icephobicity point of view were the measurements of ice adhesion forces between modified materials and ice. The tests were based on the measurements of the shear strength between the ice layer and the modified surface and were conducted using a tensile machine. Hydrophobic properties of the obtained nanocomposites were determined by measurement of the contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. As the results of the work, it was found that the modification of gelcoat with nanosilica and multi-functionalized silicone compounds results in the improvement of icephobic properties when compared to unmodified gelcoat while no direct influence of wettability properties was found. Ice adhesion decreased by more than 30%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites)
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7 pages, 1512 KiB  
Communication
Fabrication of Macroporous Nafion Membrane from Silica Crystal for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator
by Xiaojun Zhang, Man Wang, Manhong Li, Minglu Zhang and Chengwei Zhang
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111389 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
Nafion membrane with macropores is synthesized from silica crystal and composited with Pt nanoparticles to fabricate macroporous ionic polymer-metal composite (M-IPMC) actuator. M-IPMC shows highly dispersed small Pt nanoparticles on the porous walls of Nafion membrane. After the electromechanical performance test, M-IPMC actuator [...] Read more.
Nafion membrane with macropores is synthesized from silica crystal and composited with Pt nanoparticles to fabricate macroporous ionic polymer-metal composite (M-IPMC) actuator. M-IPMC shows highly dispersed small Pt nanoparticles on the porous walls of Nafion membrane. After the electromechanical performance test, M-IPMC actuator demonstrates a maximum displacement output of 19.8 mm and a maximum blocking force of 8.1 mN, far better than that of IPMC actuator without macroporous structure (9.6 mm and 2.8 mN) at low voltages (5.8–7.0 V). The good electromechanical performance can be attributed to interconnected macropores that can improve the charge transport during the actuation process and can allow the Pt nanoparticles to firmly adsorb, leading to a good electromechanical property. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites)
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Review

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26 pages, 2375 KiB  
Review
Use of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles as Reinforcement Agent of Polysaccharide-Based Materials
by Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza, Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora, José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez, Rafael Romero-Toledo, Teresa Sandoval-Contreras, Selene Aguilera-Aguirre, Efigenia Montalvo-González and Alejandro Pérez-Larios
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111395 - 1 Nov 2020
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 12158
Abstract
In recent years, a strong interest has emerged in polysaccharide-hybrid composites and their potential applications, which have interesting functional and technological properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported advantages and limitations of the functionalization of conventional and nonconventional polysaccharides by adding TiO [...] Read more.
In recent years, a strong interest has emerged in polysaccharide-hybrid composites and their potential applications, which have interesting functional and technological properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported advantages and limitations of the functionalization of conventional and nonconventional polysaccharides by adding TiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcement agent. Their effects on the mechanical, thermal, and UV-barrier properties as well as their water-resistance are discussed. In general, the polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid materials showed improved physicochemical properties in a TiO2 content-dependent response. It showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), yeasts, and molds with enhanced UV-protective effects for food and non-food packaging purposes. The reported applications of functionalized polysaccharide–TiO2 composites include photocatalysts (dye removal from aqueous media and water purification), biomedical (wound-healing material, drug delivery systems, biosensor, and tissue engineering), food preservation (fruits and meat), cosmetics (sunscreen and bleaching tooth treatment), textile (cotton fabric self-cleaning), and dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the polysaccharide–TiO2 showed high biocompatibility without adverse effects on different cell lines, indicating that their use in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications is safe. However, it is necessary to evaluate the structural changes promoted by the storage conditions (time and temperature) on the physicochemical properties of polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid composites to guarantee their stability during a determined time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites)
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Other

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6 pages, 1652 KiB  
Letter
Electrically Conductive Electrospun Polymeric Mats for Sensing Dispersed Vegetable Oil Impurities in Wastewater
by Abdolali Moghaddasi, Patrik Sobolčiak, Anton Popelka, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Zdeno Spitalsky and Igor Krupa
Processes 2019, 7(12), 906; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120906 - 2 Dec 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2147
Abstract
This paper addresses the preparation of electrically conductive electrospun mats on a base of styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (SIS) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their application as active sensing elements for the detection of vegetable oil impurities dispersed within water. The most uniform mats [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the preparation of electrically conductive electrospun mats on a base of styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (SIS) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their application as active sensing elements for the detection of vegetable oil impurities dispersed within water. The most uniform mats without beads were prepared using tetrahydrofuran (THF)/dimethyl formamide (DMF) 80:20 (v/v) as the solvent and 13 wt.% of SIS. The CNT content was 10 wt.%, which had the most pronounced changes in electrical resistivity upon sorption of the oil component. The sensors were prepared by deposition of the SIS/CNT layer onto gold electrodes through electrospinning and applied for sensing of oil dispersed in water for 50, 100, and 1000 ppm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites)
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