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Processes
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Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants
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Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 15598

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chang-Wei Hsieh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
Interests: innovative food processing technologies; extraction of natural products; isolation and identification of bioactive compounds; bioavailability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jer-An Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Interests: glycation chemistry; biological activity of natural resources; food fingerprints
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural antioxidants are well-known to be health-promoting supplements. According to many literature reviews, the biological activities of natural antioxidants have been evaluated by various models, which can be mainly classified into five types of assessment, including physiochemical characteristic assessment, in vitro assessment (experiments on cells or tissues that are created artificially outside of living organisms), ex vivo assessment (experiments on living tissues taken directly from a living organism), in vivo assessment (experiments on living organisms), and clinical assessment (experiments on humans). Different types of biological activity evaluation of natural antioxidants can explain different things, such as their structure–activity relationship and physiological effects on cells, tissues, and living organisms. Therefore, a critical process for biological activity evaluation is needed in order to precisely clarify the physiochemical properties and biological actions of natural antioxidants.

Based on this consideration, this Special Issue titled “Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants” aims to curate novel advances in the development and application of methods for the biological activity evaluation of natural antioxidants. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Development of new methods for the antioxidant activity evaluation of natural resources.
  • Improvement of existing methods for the antioxidant activity evaluation of natural resources to increase the efficiency and precision of evaluation.
  • Exploring new antioxidant actions of natural resources.

Dr. Chang-Wei Hsieh
Dr. Jer-An Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant
  • Antioxidant activity
  • biological activity evaluation
  • natural resources
  • physiochemical characteristic
  • in vivo antioxidant assessment
  • in vitro antioxidant assessment
  • ex vivo antioxidant assessment
  • process optimization
  • green chemistry

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 161 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial Overview of the Special Issue “Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants”
by Chang-Wei Hsieh and Jer-An Lin
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1350; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr11051350 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 673
Abstract
We are glad to share the editorial summary of the Special Issue on "Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants," edited by Chang-Wei Hsieh and Jer-An Lin of National Chung Hsing University [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 1444 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity of Spiranthes sinensis and Its Protective Effect against UVB-Induced Skin Fibroblast Damage
by Shang-Ming Huang, Chwen-Jen Shieh, Yu-Lin Wu, Yang-Zing Pan and Chi-Yang Yu
Processes 2021, 9(9), 1564; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9091564 - 01 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
Spiranthes sinensis (S. sinensis), a species of orchid, is a well-known herb medicine used to treat disorders such as stomachache, diabetes, shingles, and certain inflammatory diseases. Presently, the antioxidant activity of S. sinensis as well as its protective effect on UVB-induced [...] Read more.
Spiranthes sinensis (S. sinensis), a species of orchid, is a well-known herb medicine used to treat disorders such as stomachache, diabetes, shingles, and certain inflammatory diseases. Presently, the antioxidant activity of S. sinensis as well as its protective effect on UVB-induced skin injury are unclear. In this study, S. sinensis was extracted with boiling water or 75% (v/v) ethanol, and then its antioxidant composition and antioxidant activity were determined. The protective effects of S. sinensis against UVB-induced damage in human skin fibroblasts (CCD-966SK) were also investigated. Our data showed that the extraction yield of boiling water was higher than that of 75% ethanol. However, compared to the aqueous extracts, the ethanol extracts not only had higher phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, but also exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity, higher reducing power, and higher ferrous ion-chelating capacity. When fibroblasts were pre-cultured with the water or ethanol extracts of S. sinensis (1500 μg/mL) for 24 h before applying UVB irradiation, the S. sinensis extracts restored 17% to 27% of cell viability compared to a control only irradiated with UVB. Overall, our study suggests that S. sinensis extracts can be used as effective antioxidants and have the potential to protect skin fibroblasts from UVB irradiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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12 pages, 1187 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Resistance to Amylolysis in Rice Kernels through Interaction with Chlorogenic Acid
by Yi-Ling Li, Yu-Wen Huang, Min-Zi Wu, Tsung-Yen Wu, Ping-Shan Lai, Nan-Nong Sun, Chiou-Yeong Saw, Chia-Wei Li and Chi-Fai Chau
Processes 2021, 9(5), 788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9050788 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1626
Abstract
In this study, rice-phenolic acid complexes were prepared by processing rice kernels in chlorogenic acid (CGA) solutions of different concentrations, followed by heating at different adsorption times. An adsorption treatment of 80 °C for 3 h effectively enhanced the complexation of rice samples [...] Read more.
In this study, rice-phenolic acid complexes were prepared by processing rice kernels in chlorogenic acid (CGA) solutions of different concentrations, followed by heating at different adsorption times. An adsorption treatment of 80 °C for 3 h effectively enhanced the complexation of rice samples with CGA (3.86 mg/g) and imparted antioxidant capacities to the complex. An apparent interaction between CGA and rice starch molecules was suggested by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Our results revealed that rice samples were functionalized with CGA by modifying their physicochemical properties by increasing swelling ability (9.1%) and breakdown value (24.7%), and retarding retrogradation (−9.8%). The complexation of rice with a high dose of CGA could significantly reduce in vitro and in vivo starch digestibility by 41.9% and 23.0%, respectively, relative to control. This treatment is considered a potential way to confer rice with an increased resistance to digestion, along with desirable pasting properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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14 pages, 3075 KiB  
Article
Purification and Characterization of Fractions Containing Polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare and Their Immunomodulatory Effects
by Shu-Hui Yeh, Wen-Kuang Hsu, Zi-Qing Chang, Sue-Hong Wang, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Gunn-Guang Liou, Hung-Bin Lee, Bo-Hao Jiang, Hsi-Kai Tsou and Ming-Shiun Tsai
Processes 2021, 9(4), 709; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9040709 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Previous studies identified that extracts of Talinum triangulare rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids showed antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the L9 orthogonal array was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions for water-extracted polysaccharides of T. triangulare (TTP) by hot [...] Read more.
Previous studies identified that extracts of Talinum triangulare rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids showed antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the L9 orthogonal array was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions for water-extracted polysaccharides of T. triangulare (TTP) by hot reflux extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) methods. Results showed that while both extraction methods obtained a maximum polysaccharide yield of 3.1%, the optimal conditions for obtaining TTP was by UAE method. TTP was separated into large (LTTP) and small (STTP) molecular weights by dialysis. Since LTTP showed better effects than STTP in inducing macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) and indirectly inhibiting human cervical cancer HeLa cells, six different LTTP fractions were separated using anion-exchange chromatography. Contents of polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and proteins and molecular weights of major polysaccharide in each fraction were analyzed. The F1 fraction of LTTP, which showed the highest inducing ability of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages to secrete NO and tumor necrosis factor-α, showed the most significant indirect inhibitory effect of human colon cancer SW620 cells. These results suggest that LTTP, especially the F1 fraction, of T. triangulare may be used in health foods or Chinese medicine for its immunomodulatory potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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19 pages, 3296 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Ophthalmic Microemulsions Containing Lithuanian Royal Jelly and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation
by Kristina Perminaite, Mindaugas Marksa, Liudas Ivanauskas and Kristina Ramanauskiene
Processes 2021, 9(4), 616; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9040616 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2874
Abstract
Royal jelly is a natural substance secreted by worker honeybees that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. The purpose of this study was to formulate microemulsions with incorporated Lithuanian royal jelly for possible ophthalmic delivery and to evaluate the quality of the [...] Read more.
Royal jelly is a natural substance secreted by worker honeybees that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. The purpose of this study was to formulate microemulsions with incorporated Lithuanian royal jelly for possible ophthalmic delivery and to evaluate the quality of the microemulsions in vitro. The oil in water type microemulsions were prepared by the oil titration method, incorporating royal jelly, surfactant, co-surfactant, oil, and water. Physicochemical characteristics of the microemulsions and the quantity of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid released in vitro were assessed. The in vitro assessment of prepared microemulsions formulations was performed with the Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea (SIRC) cell culture model. The results revealed that the droplet size of all microemulsion formulations was 67.88–124.2 nm and the polydispersity index was lower than 0.180. In the in vitro release study, the release of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid depended on the amount of royal jelly incorporated and on the ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant in formulations. The in vitro tests with the SIRC cell culture line have shown that all formulations were found non-irritating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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15 pages, 3619 KiB  
Article
Maximizing the Antioxidant Capacity of Padina pavonica by Choosing the Right Drying and Extraction Methods
by Martina Čagalj, Danijela Skroza, Giulia Tabanelli, Fatih Özogul and Vida Šimat
Processes 2021, 9(4), 587; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9040587 - 27 Mar 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3532
Abstract
Marine algae are becoming an interesting source of biologically active compounds with a promising application as nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients, and therapeutic agents. The effect of drying (freeze-drying, oven-drying, and shade-drying) and extraction methods (shaking at room temperature, shaking in an incubator at [...] Read more.
Marine algae are becoming an interesting source of biologically active compounds with a promising application as nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients, and therapeutic agents. The effect of drying (freeze-drying, oven-drying, and shade-drying) and extraction methods (shaking at room temperature, shaking in an incubator at 60 °C, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) on the total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and total tannins content (TTC), as well as antioxidant capacity of the water/ethanol extracts from Padina pavonica were investigated. The TPC, TFC, and TTC values of P. pavonica were in the range from 0.44 ± 0.03 to 4.32 ± 0.15 gallic acid equivalents in mg/g (mg GAE/g) dry algae, from 0.31 ± 0.01 to 2.87 ± 0.01 mg QE/g dry algae, and from 0.32 ± 0.02 to 10.41 ± 0.62 mg CE/g dry algae, respectively. The highest TPC was found in the freeze-dried sample in 50% ethanol, extracted by MAE (200 W, 60 °C, and 5 min). In all cases, freeze-dried samples extracted with ethanol (both 50% and 70%) had the higher antioxidant activity, while MAE as a green option reduces the extraction time without the loss of antioxidant activity in P. pavonica. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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11 pages, 3369 KiB  
Article
Expression of the Thermobifida fusca β-1,3-Glucanase in Yarrowia lipolytica and Its Application in Hydrolysis of β-1,3-Glucan from Four Kinds of Polyporaceae
by Wei-Lin Chen, Jo-Chieh Hsu, Chui-Li Lim, Cheng-Yu Chen and Chao-Hsun Yang
Processes 2021, 9(1), 56; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9010056 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
The gene encoding a thermostable β-1,3-glucanase was cloned from Thermobifida fusca and expressed constitutively by Yarrowia lipolytica using plasmid pYLSC1. The expression level of the recombinant β-1,3-glucanase reached up to 270 U/mL in the culture medium. After a treatment with endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H, the [...] Read more.
The gene encoding a thermostable β-1,3-glucanase was cloned from Thermobifida fusca and expressed constitutively by Yarrowia lipolytica using plasmid pYLSC1. The expression level of the recombinant β-1,3-glucanase reached up to 270 U/mL in the culture medium. After a treatment with endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H, the recombinant protein appeared as a single protein band, with a molecular size of approximately 66 kDa on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight was consistent with the size predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The optimum temperature and pH of the transformant β-1,3-glucanase were 60 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. This β-1,3-glucanase was tolerant to 10% methanol, ethanol, and DMSO, retaining 70% activity. The enzyme markedly hydrolyzed Wolfiporia cocos and Pycnoporus sanguineus glucans. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging potential, reducing power and total phenolic contents of these two Polyporaceae hydrolysates, were significantly increased after 18 h of the enzymatic reaction. The present results indicate that T. fusca β-1,3-glucanase from Y. lipolytica transformant (pYLSC1-13g) hydrolyzes W. cocos and P. sanguineus glucans and improves the antioxidant potential of the hydrolysates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants)
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