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Processes
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Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application
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Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2021) | Viewed by 18799

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jaroslav Kováčik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 13, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Interests: powder metallurgy; metal matrix composites; copper–graphite; titanium; aluminum foams; concentrated solar power
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foam Matrix Composites possess a unique combination of properties that make them, depending on the type of open or closed cell foam matrix, such as polymer, metal, glass, carbon, ceramic, particularly suitable for different industrial applications. The possible host applications are sound damping devices, vibration damping devices, heat exchangers, heat shielding, catalysts, impact energy absorbers, electromagnetic shielding, etc.

The properties can be significantly influenced by the additive elements into the foam matrix, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, hollow spheres, polymers, glass or organic compounds, etc.

Some of these composite foams are lightweight and have high specific stiffness, strength, and energy absorption properties at low mass.

In the past two decades, new technologies have been developed for the creation of foam matrix composites. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are also starting to be used in this field. Therefore, this Special Issue is devoted also to technologies of composite preparation.

Finally, this Special Issue is also devoted to the determination of physical and mechanical properties of foam matrix composites, and investigation of microstructure and microstructure–property relationships. Finally, the investigation of a lifetime of prepared composites, various types of surface treatment, their interaction with the surrounding environment, corrosion, wear and heat resistance, biocompatibility, and their behavior under extreme environment or forces are also of interest to this Special Issue.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript with your research results in this subject to this Special Issue. Full papers, short communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Jaroslav Kováčik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composites
  • polymer foams
  • metal foams
  • glass foams
  • carbon foams
  • syntactic foams
  • gradient composites
  • foaming
  • additive manufacturing
  • preparation
  • properties
  • application

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6168 KiB  
Article
Closed-Cell Powder Metallurgical Aluminium Foams Reinforced with 3 vol.% SiC and 3 vol.% Graphite
by Jaroslav Kováčik, Martin Nosko, Natália Mináriková, František Simančík and Jaroslav Jerz
Processes 2021, 9(11), 2031; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9112031 - 13 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3216
Abstract
Closed-cell aluminium foams (nominal composition: AlSi12Mg0.6Fe0.3) were prepared by the powder metallurgical route (using 0.4 wt.% TiH2 untreated powder as the foaming agent). Pure foams and foams with the addition of 3 vol.% graphite or SiC powder were prepared. The microstructure and [...] Read more.
Closed-cell aluminium foams (nominal composition: AlSi12Mg0.6Fe0.3) were prepared by the powder metallurgical route (using 0.4 wt.% TiH2 untreated powder as the foaming agent). Pure foams and foams with the addition of 3 vol.% graphite or SiC powder were prepared. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared aluminium foams containing reinforcing particles were investigated at constant density and compared to those of the pure foam. Vibration measurements were performed to determine the damping properties and modulus of elasticity of the foams. Uniaxial compression tests were performed to determine the following mechanical properties: collapse stress, efficiency of energy absorption, plateau length and densification strain of the foams. All the foams behaved in a brittle manner during compression. Finally, the effect of admixed graphite and SiC powders on the properties of the investigated foam was evaluated, discussed and modelled. The addition of powders changed all investigated properties of the foams. Only the efficiency of energy absorption at constant density was almost identical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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16 pages, 7401 KiB  
Article
An Alternative Method for the Obtention of Ceramic Foams from Gold and Silver Tailings with High Pyrite Content
by Cristian Salazar and Lina Uribe
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1897; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9111897 - 24 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1589
Abstract
Mining extraction operations generate a large number of tailings that contain different mineral phases such as quartz (principally), complex silicates, metallic elements, etc. Tailings impose a serious concern as it is possible to have acid mine drainage potential, leaching, and percolation events of [...] Read more.
Mining extraction operations generate a large number of tailings that contain different mineral phases such as quartz (principally), complex silicates, metallic elements, etc. Tailings impose a serious concern as it is possible to have acid mine drainage potential, leaching, and percolation events of heavy metals into the environment under certain conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of producing ceramic foams from gold and silver tailings with high sulfide gangue through a previous flotation process to eliminate impurities associated to this gangue, as it can produce SO2 in the foaming process, and to analyze the effect of the sintering time and the temperature on the characteristics of foams obtained with this type of waste. The results showed that the inverse flotation reduced the presence of impurities associated to sulfides. In addition, it was possible to observe that in the absence of a foaming agent, it was possible to obtain ceramic foams with an apparent density and a mechanical strength near to 1.0 g/cm3 and 0.5 MPa, respectively, when a higher sintering temperature and time were used. On the other hand, the presence of the foaming agent reduced the apparent density to 0.5 g/cm3 without decreasing to a great extent the mechanical strength of ceramic foams at lower sintering temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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15 pages, 5800 KiB  
Article
Triaxial Failure Behavior of Highly Porous Cementitious Foams Used as Heat Insulation
by Albrecht Gilka-Bötzow, Paula Folino, Andreas Maier, Eduardus A. B. Koenders and Antonio Caggiano
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9081373 - 05 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
This work reports a detailed experimental study that is aimed at investigating the failure mechanisms of highly porous cementitious foams used as heat insulation under triaxial stress states. The designed target dry density of the considered foam mixture was 180 kg/m3 by [...] Read more.
This work reports a detailed experimental study that is aimed at investigating the failure mechanisms of highly porous cementitious foams used as heat insulation under triaxial stress states. The designed target dry density of the considered foam mixture was 180 kg/m3 by setting the water-to-cement ratio of the considered cement paste to 0.4. The mechanical experiments were accompanied by thermal tests to observe the effect that specific air void structures have on the resulting insulation properties and by micro-to-meso geometric studies to identify and classify the inner structure of the considered mineralized foams. Unconfined compressive strengths were performed first, obtaining peak stresses of 0.252, 0.283, 0.223, and 0.251 (results in MPa), corresponding to peak strains of 39.0, 28.6, 45.3, and 20.6 (in ×10−3 mm/mm), respectively. Moreover, three triaxial confinement levels of 33%, 66%, and 90% of the mean uniaxial compressive strength (fc) were adopted. The results showed that a 33% confinement may cause a strength increase and an almost perfect elastic–plastic stress–strain behavior. However, higher levels of confinements (i.e., 66% and 90%) produced very unstable behaviors in terms of the final strength and stress–strain response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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16 pages, 4689 KiB  
Article
Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Reinforced Aluminum Foams
by Ivana Bunjan, Krešimir Grilec and Danko Ćorić
Processes 2021, 9(2), 315; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9020315 - 08 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
In this study, aluminum foams reinforced with different steel elements were produced by the AluLight process. The master alloy AlMgSi0.6 was used as the matrix material, titanium hydride (TiH2) powder was used as a foaming agent, and steel wire, cylindrical steel [...] Read more.
In this study, aluminum foams reinforced with different steel elements were produced by the AluLight process. The master alloy AlMgSi0.6 was used as the matrix material, titanium hydride (TiH2) powder was used as a foaming agent, and steel wire, cylindrical steel mesh and flat steel mesh were used as reinforcing elements. Reinforcements were placed inside the mold, along with the precursors, and samples were manufactured by gas releasing particles in a semi-solid state. To examine the effect of the reinforcements on specific energy absorption, quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were carried out, with a constant separation rate of 1 mm/s. From the tested results, the energy absorption per unit volume and specific energy absorption efficiency were calculated and then also statistically evaluated. The results showed that examined shapes of reinforcements affect differently specific energy absorption and its efficiency, compared to non-reinforced aluminum foams. The best result obtained was with cylindrically shaped steel mesh. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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10 pages, 2953 KiB  
Article
Design and Fabrication of Partially Foamed Grid Structure Using Additive Manufacturing and Solid State Foaming
by Byung Kyu Park, Charn-Jung Kim, Dong Eui Kwon and Youn-Woo Lee
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1594; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8121594 - 03 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2155
Abstract
A partially foamed lattice structure based on synthetic polymers was considered as a functionally graded materials due to their unique properties. In this study, a copolymer is manufactured to be porous functional materials by physical foaming technology, using carbon dioxide. Through morphological characterization, [...] Read more.
A partially foamed lattice structure based on synthetic polymers was considered as a functionally graded materials due to their unique properties. In this study, a copolymer is manufactured to be porous functional materials by physical foaming technology, using carbon dioxide. Through morphological characterization, using scanning electron microscope, we identified a potential to fabricate partially foamed structures with micropores. We showed that variation of post-foaming temperature can tune the pore size distribution in the range of 0.9 to 30 μm. Thermal data of the foam grid from differential scanning calorimeter showed some shifts in glass transition, cold crystallization, and melting points. Mechanical strength and thermal conductivity were also measured to find rationale of thermal insulation with tunable mechanical strength and to elucidate the actual 3D lattice foam of a copolymer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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20 pages, 6128 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Convective Heat Transfer and Local Thermal Equilibrium in Ceramic Foam
by Siqi Xu, Zhiyong Wu, Hongyan Lu and Lixin Yang
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111490 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2498
Abstract
Foam materials have been widely used in various industrial applications, where higher and higher heat and mass transfer performances are pursued. However, the mechanism of many factors on the heat transfer performances is still unclear. The main purpose of this article is to [...] Read more.
Foam materials have been widely used in various industrial applications, where higher and higher heat and mass transfer performances are pursued. However, the mechanism of many factors on the heat transfer performances is still unclear. The main purpose of this article is to investigate how the porous properties, porosity, cell size and the sample thickness affect the volumetric convective heat transfer. In this study, the single-blow method is used to determine the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of ceramics foam in the temperature range from 283 K to 323 K. In particular, sensitivity analysis of the foam porosity, cell size, velocity and the sample thickness on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient within the ceramics foam were all conducted. The results indicate that the sample thickness has a significant effect on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient which decreases with the sample thickness. In addition, the local thermal equilibrium phenomenon is verified and its influence on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient discussed. Based on the experimental data, a new correlation is proposed that includes sample thickness, porosity, superficial velocity and fluid properties. This study is crucial to the theory of the convective heat transfer inside the porous media, and can be used to guide the design and optimization of volumetric solar air receivers, compact heat exchangers, heat sinks, heat regenerators, packed bed reactors and so on. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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14 pages, 15434 KiB  
Article
The Fabrication of Geopolymer Foam Composites Incorporating Coke Dust Waste
by Buczkowska Katarzyna, Chi Hiep Le, Petr Louda, Szczypiński Michał, Totka Bakalova, Pacyniak Tadeusz and Karol Prałat
Processes 2020, 8(9), 1052; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8091052 - 28 Aug 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3469
Abstract
This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of geopolymer foams incorporating filler from the coke dust waste (CDW). In this work, CDW was used to replace a part of geopolymer paste at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% [...] Read more.
This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of geopolymer foams incorporating filler from the coke dust waste (CDW). In this work, CDW was used to replace a part of geopolymer paste at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by geopolymer binder mass. The physico-mechanical properties and thermal resistance against high temperatures of CDW/geopolymer foams are presented. The primary results obtained show that the use of CDW in the production of geopolymer foam composites made it possible for them to achieve relatively good mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of the CDW into the geopolymer had a slightly negative effect on thermal conductivity, but significantly improved the mechanical strength of the final product. Moreover, this waste also helped the composite foam to achieve a structure with more uniform open pores distribution, compared to the pure foam. After exposure to elevated temperatures, the residual strength of the composite foams maintained well compared to the pure foams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foam Matrix Composites: Preparation and Application)
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